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Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: five new species and two
new records
Jian-Wu Li, Ji-Dong Ya, De-Ping Ye, Cheng Liu, Qiang Liu, Rui Pan, Zai-Xing He, Bo
Pan, Jie Cai, Dongliang Lin, Xiao-Hua Jin
PII: S2468-2659(21)00009-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2021.01.009
Reference: PLD 267
To appear in: Plant Diversity
Received Date: 23 October 2020
Revised Date: 11 January 2021
Accepted Date: 26 January 2021
Please cite this article as: Li, J.-W., Ya, J.-D., Ye, D.-P., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Pan, R., He, Z.-X., Pan, B., Cai,
J., Lin, D., Jin, X.-H., Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: five new species and two
new records, Plant Diversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2021.01.009.
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Copyright © 2021 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by
Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: five new
species and two new records
Jian-Wu Li
a, b, #
, Ji-Dong Ya
c, #
, De-Ping Ye
d, #
, Cheng Liu
c
, Qiang Liu
e
, Rui Pan
f
,
Zai-Xing He
g
, Bo Pan
a
, Jie Cai
c
, Dongliang Lin
h
& Xiao-Hua Jin
i, *
a
Herbarium, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical
Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla Yunnan, CN-666303, P. R.
China. Email: ljw@xtbg.org.cn
b
Core Batanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla Yunnan,
CN-666303, P.R. China
c
Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, CN-650201, P.R. China
d
Pu’er Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Pu’er, Yunnan, CN-665000, P.R. China
e
Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Jindian Road, Panlong District, Kunming,
Yunnan CN-650000, P.R. China
f
Ning’er Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Ning’er, Yunnan, CN-665100, P.R. China
g
Xishuangbanna State Nature Reserve, Yiwu, Mengla, Yunnan, CN-666306, P.R.
China.
h
State key lab of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing CN-100093, P.R. China
i
National Herbarium (PE) and State Key Lab of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing,
CN-100093, P. R. China.
# These author contributed equally to this work.
* Author for corresponding: Xiao-Hua JIN, email: xiaohuajin@ibcas.ac.cn
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Abstract
Five new species of Vandeae (Orchidaceae), Gastrochilus yei, G. minimus, Luisia
simaoensis, Taeniophyllum xizangense, Tuberolabium subulatum, and two newly
recorded species of China, Cleisostoma tricornutum, Luisia inconspicua, were
described and illustrated. Luisia inconspicua is placed in Luisia where it is currently
placed in Gastrochilus based on phylogenetic analyses of nrITS and plastid matK.
Keywords: Cleisostoma tricornutum, Gastrochilus yei, Gastrochilus minimus, Luisia
inconspicua, Luisia simaoensis, Taeniophyllum xizangense, Tuberolabium subulatum,
new species, new records, China.
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Introduction
The orchid family is among the largest families in angiosperm. There are
approximately 200 genera and 1650 species in China (Jin et al. 2019). In 2019, The
Orchid Survey of China has been initiated by Chinese National Forestry and
Grassland Administration. This survey will cover all provinces/autonomous
regions/municipalities in China. During our botanical survey in south and southwest
China between 2019–2020, a lot of little known or unknown orchid species were
discovered. Our results of morphological comparison indicated that five species are
new to sciences and two are new records in China. Here we described and illustrated
these new discoveries to flora of China.
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Material and Methods
Specimens were collected and deposited in Herbarium (HITBC) of Xishuangbanna
Tropical Botanical Garden and in Herbarium (KUN) of Kunming Institute of Botany,
Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flowers were also preserved in formalin-acetic
acid-alcohol (FAA) and DNA samples were preserved in freezer for further study.
Specimens were studied in the laboratory under a stereomicroscope.
The systematic position of one new record, Luisia inconspicua, is confusing due
to its morphological characters, such as terete leaves, short inflorescence, raceme with
several flowers and saccate hypochile. It had been placed in Cymbidium, Gastrochilus,
Luisia, Luisiopsis, Saccolabium etc. To illustrate its phylogenetic position, we
analyzed two markers, plastid matK and nrITS. Thirty species of Gastrochilus,
Holcoglossum and Luisia were included for phylogenetic analysis. Calanthe sieboldii
was selected as outgroup. Total DNA was extracted from dry leaves using a
TIANGEN DNA secure Plant Kit (TIANGEN BIOTECH (BEIJIN) CO., LTD)
following the manufacturer’s instructions. Phylogenetic analyses were performed
using IQ-TREE multicore version 1.6.10 for Windows 64-bit (Schrempf et al. 2019)
with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Newly sequenced markers of Luisia inconspicua have
been deposited in GenBank (Table 1).
Taxonomic treatment
1. Tuberolabium Yamam.
Tuberolabium Yamam. (1924: 209) is a small genus comprised about 11 species,
mainly distributed in India, China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines,
Indonesia, New guinea, Australia (Pridgeon et al. 2014). Tuberolabium is epiphytic
herb with few leaves, characterized by pendulous inflorescence many flowers, lip
3-lobed, spurred (Chen & Wood 2009, Kocyan & Schuiteman 2013, Ormerod &
Juswara 2019).
1.1. Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li & X. H. Jin, sp. nov. (勐腊管唇兰 Meng
La Guan Chun Lan). Fig. 1, 2: A–D.
Type: — CHINA. Mengla County, Yunnan Province. Epiphytic on tree in tropical
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seasonal rain forests in Yiwu State Nature Reserve, alt. 900 m, 4 May 2016, Jian-Wu
LI 4546 (holotype: HITBC!).
Diagnosis: Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin is morphologically similar
to Tuberolabium carnosum Seidenf. (1988: 327), but differs from the latter by having
orange-yellow sepals and petals, lip lobes densely adorned with small papillae,
mid-lobe triangular.
Epiphytic herbs. Stems 3–5 cm long, base with several fleshy roots. Leaves 3–9,
distichous, leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 3.0–6.0 × 0.7–1.5 cm, mid-vein slightly
concave adaxially, convex abaxially, apex unequally bilobed, lobes acute; base
sheathing, jointed and twisted, almost lying in one plane. Inflorescence axillary, 1–5,
descending, 1.0–2.5 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.; peduncle 0.5–1.0 cm long, with 2–
4 sheaths, sheath triangular, ca. 1 × 3 mm; rachis 0.5–1.5 cm long, slightly flattened,
with 2–7-flowered, 1–2 opening at same time. Sepals and petals orange-yellow, lip
white with yellowish apex and several yellow spot at mouth of tube; pedicel and
ovary 7–8 mm long, white. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, 7.0–7.2 × 4.0–4.2 mm, apex
obtuse and mucronulate, 5-veined; lateral sepals oblique ovate, 7.0–7.2 × 4.8–5.0 mm,
apex obtuse and mucronulate, 5-veined. Petals ovate-oblanceolate, 6.0–6.2 × 2.5–2.6,
apex obtuse, 3-veined. Lip immovably attached to end of column foot, spurred, 4.2–
4.3 mm long, 3-lobed; outside of lobus with many small papillae; mid-lobe very small,
triangular, ca. 1.0 × 1.4 mm, apex obtuse; lateral lobes triangular, ca. 2.5 × 1.4 mm,
apex bilobed, upper lobelet oblong, ca. 1.5 × 0.7 mm, apex rounded, lower lobelet
equilateral triangular, ca. 0.5 mm, apex obtuse; spur conical, 4.0–4.2 mm long, ca. 2
mm in diam., apex obtuse. Column stout, ca. 2 mm long, column wings enlarge, ca.
0.2 mm high; rostellum 2, linear, ca. 1 mm; column foot ca. 2.5 mm long, anther cap
triangular, pollinia 2, viscidium equilateral triangular, ca. 0.5 mm; stipe triangular, ca.
1.0 × 0.4 mm. Capsule cylinder, slender.
Phenology. Flowering from April to May.
Distribution and habitat. Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin was
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found in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, at the boundary between
China and Laos. It is epiphytic on trees under tropical seasonal rain forests with
elevation 850-1000 m.
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘subulatum’ refers to the shape of spur.
Relationships. Morphologically, Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li & X.H.
Jin is similar to T. carnosum Seidenf., but it can be easily distinguished from the latter
by inflorescence much shorter than leaves (vs. inflorescence as long as or longer than
leaves in T. carnosum), sepals and petals yellow (vs. sepals and petals whitish-green
in T. carnosum), outside of lip lobes with many small papillae, mid-lobe very small,
triangular; lateral lobes triangular, apex bilobed, upper lobus oblong, apex rounded,
nether lobus equilateral triangular (vs. lip with mid-lobe fleshy, with a very small
triangular tip; lateral lobes fleshy, triangular, apex rounded, near front edge inside
with a pair of squarish flanges meeting at base in T. carnosum).
Conservation status. For the time being, Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li &
X.H. Jin is only known from the type locality in a Nature Reserve. The accurate data
on abundance and distribution is lacking, we here consider it as “Data Deficient (DD)”
(IUCN 2012).
2. Gastrochilus D. Don
Gastrochilus D. Don (1825: 32) comprises about 65 species mainly distributed from
China, India and Sri Lanka through eastern Asia and southern Japan to southeast Asia
(Liu et al. 2016, Wu et al. 2019). Gastrochilus is characterized by the lip divided into
a semi-globose to saccate hypochile and broadly triangular or flabellate, often hairy or
papillose epichile (Tsi et al. 1996; Pridgeon et al. 2014; Liu & Gao 2018).
2.1. Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin, sp. nov. (叶氏盆距兰 Ye Shi Pen Ju
Lan). Fig. 2: E–F; 3: A–E.
Type: — CHINA. Jingdong County, Yunnan Province, epiphytic on trees in
broad-leaved evergreen forests, E: 100.77°, N: 24.39°, alt. 1900 m, 24 Apr. 2020,
Jianwu Li 5464 (Holotype: HITBC!, Isotype: HITBC!)
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Diagnosis: Mophologically, Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin is similar to
G. affinis Schltr. (1913: 314) and G. nepalensis Raskoti (2015: 180), but differs from
them by having epichile not lobed, apex of hypochile not bilobed, apex of leaf with a
tine.
Epiphytic herb, creeping, 3–8 cm long. Roots several, came out from nodes of
stem, 1.3 mm in diameter; stem 1.1 mm in diameter. Leaves distichous, leaf blade
lanceolate, green with purple spots, 1.5–3.0 × 0.4–0.8 cm, apex acute, with a tine;
base jointed amplexicaul-sheathing, twisted and almost lying in one plane; mid-vein
slightly concave adaxially, slightly convex abaxially. Inflorescences 1–5 arising from
nodes of stem, 1.0–1.5 cm long, rachis 0.3–0.7 mm long, raceme with 2–6-flowered,
flower yellowish-green, with purple spots, inside surface of petals and sepals purple
with green margin. Flora bracts triangle, 0.9 × 1.0 mm, apex acute. Pedicel and ovary
0.7–1.0 cm long. Dorsal sepal oblong, 3.3 × 1.9–2.0 mm, apex rounded; lateral sepals
oblong, 3.9–4.0 × 1.8–1.9 mm, apex obtuse. Petals oblong, 3.5 × 1.8 mm, apex
rounded. Lip with an epichile and a saccate hypochile; epichile semi-rounded, 2.0–2.2
× 4.0–4.2 mm, glabrous, with a thicken central, rugose cushion, tint with purple,
margin irregularly denticulate; hypochile subconical, 3 mm tall, 3 mm in diameter,
apex rounded. Column stout, 1.5 mm long; rostellum bilobed; pollinia 2, viscidium
peltate, stipe filiform. Capsule cylinder, 14 mm long, 4 mm in diameter, with 5 ridges.
Phenology. Flowering from April to May.
Distribution and habitat. Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin is only known
from the type locality in Wuliangshan National Nature Researve, Gastrochilus yei is
epiphytic on tree trunk in mossy broad-leaved evergreen forests at an elevation 1850–
2000 m.
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘yei’ is in honor of De-Ping Ye, who found this
species.
Relationships. Morphologically, Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin is
mostly similar to G. affinis Schltr. and G. nepalensis Raskoti, they are share green
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leaves with purple spots, inside surface of sepals and petals purple with green margin.
But can be easily distinguished from them by apex of leaf acute, with a tine (vs. apex
of leaf acute, with 2–3 denticulate in G. affinis; apex of leaf acute, without tine in G.
nepalensis); apex of saccate rounded (vs. apex of saccate bilobed both in G. affinis
and G. nepalensis); epichile semi-rounded, with a thicken central, rugose cushion,
margin irregularly denticulate (vs. epichile triangular, central with 2 ridges ranging
from base to apex, basal part of margin denticulate, apex slightly bilobed in G. affinis;
epichile 3-lobed, lateral lobes subauriform, margin entire, midlobe suborbicular, base
with rugose callus, margin entire in G. nepalensis).
Conservation status. Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin is only known
from the type locality. In total, 150 individuals have been documented during our
investigation. However, the habitat of this new species is widespread in the Jingdong
Natural Reserve. We here tentatively considered it as “Data Deficient (DD)” (IUCN
2012).
2.2. Gastrochilus minimus Jian W. Li, D.P. Ye & X.H. Jin, sp. nov. (小盆距兰 Xiao
Pen Ju Lan). Fig. 3: F–H.
Gastrochilus pumilus H. Jiang & D.P. Ye (in Xu et al. 2010: 476, photo 696), nom.
inval.
Type: — CHINA. Yixiang township, Simao District, Yunnan province, epiphytic on
tree near riverside in subtropical mixed coniferous broad-leaved forests, E: 100.97°, N:
22.79°, alt. 1287 m, 13 Sep. 2020, Deping YE 1922 (Holotype: HITBC!, Isotype:
HITBC!)
Diagnosis: Morphologically, Gastrochilus minimus Jian W. Li, D.P. Ye & X.H.
Jin is similar to G. acinacifolius Z.H. Tsi (1989: 25), but can be distinguished from the
latter by flabellate epichile, adaxially densely hirsute and inconspicuously with a
central cushion, hypochile abaxially with a keel extending to the apex of epichile.
Epiphytic herb, plant minim, 1.5–2.0 cm tall, stem ca. 1 mm in diameter. Roots
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several, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Leaves 3–6, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–0.8 cm,
apex acute, base jointed and amplexicaul-sheathing, twisted and almost lying in one
plane, mid-vein concave adaxially, convex abaxially, green on both surface,
sometimes tint with purple adaxially. Inflorescence came out from nodes from lower
middle part, 0.5–0.9 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, base with 1–2 sheaths,
membranous, ca. 1 mm long, apex acute. Rachis 0.2–0.5 cm long, raceme with 2–
4-flowered, flowers yellowish-green, inside surface of sepals and petals with 2
longitudinal red-purple stripe, lip tint with red-purple spots. Flora bracts triangular,
0.9 × 0.9 mm, apex acute. Pedicel and ovary ca. 3 mm long. Dorsal sepal spatulate,
concave, 3.2 × 1.7 mm, apex rounded; lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3.5 × 1.2 mm,
apex rounded, keel slightly convex abaxially. Petals oblanceolate, 2.8 × 1.4 mm, apex
rounded, keel slightly convex abaxially. Lip with an epichile and a saccate hypochile;
epichile flabellate, 2.0–2.2 × 4.0–4.2 mm, adaxially densely hirsute and
inconspicuously with a central cushion, slightly reflexed; hypochile subconic, ca. 2
mm tall, ca. 2 mm in diameter, abaxially with a keel, extend to apex of epichile.
Column stout, ca. 1.2 mm long; rostellum bilobed with acuminate tip; pollinia 2;
viscidium oblong, ca. 0.3 mm long, stipe filiform, ca. 0.6 mm long.
Phenology. Flowering from July to September.
Distribution and habitat. Gastrochilus minimus Jian W. Li, D.P. Ye & X.H. Jin
was found in Simao District, Pu’er City, Yunnan Province, P.R. China. It is epiphytic
in mixed coniferous broad-leaved evergreen forests with elevation 1200–1300 m.
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘minimus’ refers to small size of new species
size in Gastrochilus s.l., as we know up to now.
Relationships. Morphologically, Gastrochilus minimus Jian W. Li, D.P. Ye &
X.H. Jin is the smallest plant in Gastrochilus s.l., it is similar to G. acinacifolius Z.H.
Tsi, but can be easily distinguished from the later by plant much smaller (1.5–2.0 cm
tall in G. minumus. vs. 8–15 cm tall in G. acinacifolius); flowers yellowish-green,
inside surface of sepals and petals with 2 longitudinal red-purple stripe (vs. sepals and
petals yellow with purplish red spots in G. acinacifolius); epichile flabellate, adaxially
densely hirsute and inconspicuously with a central cushion, slightly reflexed;
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hypochile abaxially with a keel, extend to apex of epichile (vs. epichile transversely
oblong, adaxially sparsely palillate-hiry except on central cushion, margin irregularly
denticulate, hypochile abaxially with 3 ridges.
Conservation status. Gastrochilus minimus was found only from the type
locality. The habitat is in mixed coniferous broad-leaved evergreen forests along the
river. Its habitat was greatly disturbed by plantation and deforestation. We estimated
that the suitable habitat of G. minimus is less than 500 ha. In total, approximately 200
individuals were documented. According to IUCN (2012), we consider the
conservation status of the new species can be treated as Critically Endangered (CR:
criteria B1ab(iii) + B2ab(iii)).
Notes. Xu et al. (2010) published a inedita name as Gastrochilus pumilus H.
Jiang & D.P. Ye, sp. nov. ined. in the Wild Orchids in Yunnan, however, the specific
epithet ‘pumilus’ was already published as Gastrochilus pumilus Kuntze (1891), and
also as Gastrochilus pumilus Hayata (1917), which is a synonym of Holcoglossum
pumilum (Hayata) L.J. Chen, X.J. Xiao & G.Q. Zhang (2013). According to the
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Shenzhen Code)
(Turland et al. 2018), the name G. pumilus H. Jiang & D.P. Ye was not validly
published because it is a later illegitimate homonym (Art. 53.1, Turland et al. 2018),
and did not cited the type (Art. 40.1, Turland et al. 2018). In accordance with the
Code, we proposed G. minimus Jian W. Li, D.P. Ye & X.H. Jin as a replaced name.
3. Taeniophyllum Blume
Taeniophyllum Blume is leafless and epiphytic genus with short stems and four
divided pollinia (Carr 1932). Taeniophyllum was divided into two subgenera based on
sepals and petals connate or free at the base and further subdivided six sections
(Schlechter 1913a). Recent molecular studies indicated that leafy Microtatorchis is
nested within Taeniophyllum and Microtatorchis should be included in
Taeniophyllum (Zou et al. 2015). Taeniophyllum s.l. comprise ca. 236 species widely
distributed from tropical Africa (only one species) through tropical Asia to Australia
and the Pacific islands (POWO 2019), and there are 4 species in China, with one
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Microtatorchis species (Chen & Wood 2009).
3.1. Taeniophyllum xizangense J.D. Ya & C. Liu, sp. nov. (西藏带叶兰 Xi Zang
Dai Ye Lan). Fig. 4.
Type: CHINA. Tibet Autonomous Region: Medog County, subtropical evergreen
broad-leaved forest, alt. 2000 m, 28 May 2019, Ji-Dong Ya, Cheng Liu 18HT2606
(Holotype: KUN!)
Diagnosis. Taeniophyllum xizangense J.D. Ya & C. Liu is similar to T. stella
Carr and T. radiatum J.J.Sm.by morphological structure and shape of the flowers
(Smith 1918, Carr 1932), but it is distinguished from them by having much bigger
flower, inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs, sepals externally with
papillae and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium.
Epiphytic herb. Roots up to 40, strongly flattened, 2–10 cm or longer, 1.5–2.0
mm in diameter. Inflorescences 3–7, erect, muricate, densely short-bristly hairs, 6–16
mm long, 1–3-flowered; peduncle filiform, 0.5–0.8 mm in diameter; bracts distichous,
densely short-bristly hairs, broadly ovate-triangular, ca. 2.0 mm. Flowers opening
singly and widely, yellowish-green, sepals externally with papillae, peduncle and
ovary ca. 4.0 mm long, sparsely short-bristly hairs. Sepals and petals connate at the
base into a tube ca. 2.0 mm long. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, ca. 10.0 ×
1.5 mm, incurved; lateral sepals narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, ca. 10.0 × 1.8 mm.
Petals narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, ca. 8.0 × 1.8 mm, base clawed, apex acuminate.
Labellum thickly fleshy, narrowly lanceolate in outline, 10.0–11.0 mm × ca. 1.7 mm,
with a transverse V-shaped lamella and shallowly saccate at the base of disk, with an
inflexed spine ca. 0.25–0.35 mm long at the tip, base with retrorse square septum over
spur entrance; spur subglobose, ca. 1.5 mm. Column short, stelidia rounded, ca. 1.4 ×
1.4 mm. Anther cap white, ca. 0.75 × 0.65 mm, with 2 prominent humps. Pollinia 4,
in two pairs, pale yellow, ovoid, ca. 0.4 × 0.3 mm; stipe white, ca. 0.5 mm long;
viscidium large, white, triangular-ovate, ca. 0.9 × 0.6 mm.
Phenology. Flowering from May to June, (based on cultivated material in the
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greenhouse).
Distribution and habitat. Taeniophyllum xizangense is currently known only
from the type locality Medog County, Xizang, China. It is epiphytic on trunks under
the evergreen broadleaf forest at the elevation of 1350 m.
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘xizangense’ refers to the type locality where
the new species occurs, Tibet, China. In Chinese ‘Xizang’.
Relationships. Taeniophyllum xizangense J.D. Ya & C. Liu is similar to T. stella
Carr and T. radiatum J.J.Sm. by morphological structure and shape of the flowers
(Smith 1918, Carr 1932), but can be easy distinguished from them by having much
bigger flower size, longer inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs,
sepals externally with papillae and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium (see Table 2).
Conservation status. During our 2-week field survey, only one population was
found, we regard its status as “Data Deficient (DD)” (IUCN 2012).
4. Luisia Gaudich.
Luisia Gaudich. (1829: 426) is comprised about 40 species distributed through
Sri Lanke, India, Bhutan, China, Southeast Asia, to Japan, New Guinea, the Pacific
Islands and Australia (Khuraijam & Roy 2015, Karuppusamy & Ravichanderan 2019,
Mishra et al. 2020, 2020a), there are 11 species, of which five species are endemic in
China.
4.1. Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye & H. Jiang ex Jian W. Li & D.P. Ye, sp. nov. (裂唇钗
子股 Lie Chun Chai Zi Gu). Fig. 5.
Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye & H. Jiang (in Xu et al. 2010: 471, photo 683), nom. inval.
Type: CHINA. Sigangli village, Ximeng County, Pu’er City, Yunnan Province,
epiphytic on trees in Karst region, alt. 1700 m, 30 Aug. 2011, Jianwu LI 897
(Holotype: HITBC!, Isotype: HITBC!)
Diagnosis. Morphologically, Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye & H. Jiang ex Jian W.
Li & D.P. Ye is similar to Luisia magniflora Z.H. Tsi & S.C. Chen (1994: 558),
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Luisia ramosii Ames (1911: 55) and Luisia teres (Thunb.) Blume (1849: 50), but can
be easily distinguished from Luisia magniflora and Luisia ramosii by lateral sepal
longer than dorsal sepal and petals, margins of lip irregular waved, apex of lip bilobed.
Differs from Luisia teres by lip with a distinct boundary between hypochile and
epichile, epichile subcordate, 9 × 11 mm, margin irregular waved.
Epiphytic herb, stem suberect, or pendulous and ascending, rigid, simple or
sometimes basally branched, 10–50 cm tall, 0.6–0.7 cm in diameter, internodes 1.5–
2.0 cm long, perennial covered with persistent leaf sheath, brownish. Roots several,
basally, slightly depressed, ca. 5 mm in diameter. Leaves several on upper part of
stem, nearly distichous, obliquely upward, 1.5–2.0 cm apart from each other, terete,
10–14 × ca. 0.4 cm, apex acute, base enlarged into amplexicaul-sheathing, sheath 1.5–
2.0 cm long. Inflorescence 1–5 came out from nodes of stem, penetrating leaf sheath,
0.7–1.0 cm long, base with 2–3 cannular sheaths, sheath 2–3 mm long, apex acute;
rachis 3–5 mm long, raceme with 2–5-flowered, sepals and petals whitish, outside
tinged with purplish-red, lip yellowish-green, densely with dark purple spots. Flora
bracts triangular, 5.0–5.5 × 6.5–7 mm, apex sharp contractive and acuminate. Pedicel
and ovary 1.7 cm long. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, 8.5–9.0 × 5.0–5.2 mm, 7-veined,
apex rounded; lateral sepals oblong, slightly oblique, 12 × 5 mm, 5-veined, abaxially
with a keel, heightening gradually towards tip, forming an awn, 1.1 mm tall at tip,
apex acute; petals oblong, 10 × 5 mm, 5-veined, apex obtuse. Lip broadly oblong, 1.5
cm long, middle strongly constricted and forming hypochile and epichile, with a
distinct boundary between hypochile and epichile; epichile subcordate, 9 × 11 mm,
margin irregular waved, apex bilobed, with a sinus 2 mm deep, apex of lobus rounded
and irregular waved; hypochile transverse ovate, 6 × 14 mm, with lateral lobes
ascending and embracing column, apex rounded. Column 7 mm long, anther cap
galeiform, pollinia 2, viscidium rounded, ca. 2 mm in diameter, stipe lorate, 2 × 1.2
mm, rostellum lorate, ca. 1 mm long.
Phenology. Flowering from August to September.
Distribution and habitat. Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye & H. Jiang ex Jian W. Li &
D.P. Ye was found in Pu’er City, Yunnan Province, P.R. China. It is an epiphytic herb,
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epiphytic on trees in karst region. At an elevation 1100–1800 m.
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘simaoensis’ refers to type locality of this
species, Liushun Township, Simao District, Pu’er City, Yunnan Province, P.R. China.
Relationships. Morphologically, Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye & H. Jiang ex Jian
W. Li & D.P. Ye is similar to Luisia magniflora Z.H. Tsi & S.C. Chen and Luisia
ramosii Ames, they share abaxially of lateral sepals with a keel, lip with a distinct
boundary between hypochile and epichile, lateral lobes of hypochile embracing
column. But can be easily distinguished from them by lateral sepal longer than dorsal
sepal and petals (Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, 8.5–9.0 mm long; lateral sepals oblong,
slightly oblique, 12 mm long; petals oblong, 10 mm long. vs. Dorsal sepal
ovate-oblong, 9–12 mm long, lateral sepals suboblong, 10–12 mm long, margin
incurved and embracing epichile, petals subelliptic, 10–11 mm long in L. magniflora;
Dorsal sepal elliptic, 5 mm long, lateral sepals oblong, slightly oblique, 6 mm long,
petals ovate, 6.2 mm long in L. ramosii); margins of lip irregular waved (vs. margins
entire, recurved in L. magniflora; margins entire in L. ramosii), apex of lip bilobed (vs.
apex of lip emarginate in L. magniflora; apex of lip obtuse in L. ramosii).
And also similar to Luisia teres (Thunb.) Blume, but differs from the later by lip
with a distinct boundary between hypochile and epichile, epichile subcordate, 9 × 11
mm, margin irregular waved.
Conservation status. Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye & H. Jiang ex Jian W. Li &
D.P. Ye was found in Simao district, Lancang County, Ximeng County, Yunnan
Province. Although we can found it distributed in several counties, but the number of
populations and distribution area are still not clear. We here estimated it as “Data
Deficient (DD)” (IUCN 2012).
Additional specimens examined (Paratype). CHINA. Laba Township,
Lancang County, Pu’er City, Yunnan Province, epiphytic on trees near riverside in
karst regions, alt. 1230, 13 Sep. 2020, Deping YE 1923 (Paratype: HITBC!, PE!)
Notes. Xu et al. (2010) published a inedita name as Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye &
H. Jiang, sp. nov. ined. in the Wild Orchids in Yunnan, however, they only gave the
diagnosis, no type specimens designated, according to the International Code of
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Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Shenzhen Code) (Turland et al. 2018), it is
an invalid name (Art. 40.1, Turland et al. 2018). Here, the name of Luisia simaoensis
is validly published, in addition, an illustration by color photos, distribution, IUCN
conservation status and description are provided.
4.2. Luisia inconspicua (Hook.f.) King & Pantl., in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta)
8: 203. 1898. (兜唇钗子股 Dou Chun Chai Zi Gu). Fig. 6: A–C.
–– Cymbidium inconspicuum Wall. ex Hook.f., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta)
5(1): 46. 1895; Gastrochilus inconspicuus (Hook.f.) Kuntze. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 661.
1891; Luisia micrantha Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 6(17): 23. 1890; Luisiopsis
inconspicua (Hook.f.) Sath. Kumar & P.C.S. Kumar, Rheedea 15(1): 48. 2005;
Saccolabium inconspicuum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 6(17): 56. 1890.
Epiphytic, stems erect, rare ramose, branched at base and tufted, 5–15 cm tall,
0.3 cm in diameter, with internodes 0.5–0.7 cm long, perennial stems covered by
persistent leaf sheaths, brownish, base with several roots, root depressed, 1.5–2.0 mm
in diameter. Leaves several on upper part of stem, obliquely upward, irregular
distichous, 6–9 mm apart from each other. Leaf blade terete, 2–5 cm long, ca. 2 mm
in diam., base jointed and sheathing, 6–9 mm long, apex acute. Inflorescence come
out from node of stem, penetrating leaf sheaths, green to dark purple, 1–3 every stem,
4–6 mm long, with 2–3 sheaths, sheath triangular, 1.3 × 3.0 mm, apex obtuse. Rachis
2–3 mm long, 4–5-flowered, flowers pale green. Flora bracts triangular, 2 × 2 mm,
apex acute. Pedicel and ovary 5–6 mm long. Dorsal sepal oblong, 2.5 × 1.8 mm, apex
obtuse to rounded; lateral sepals ovate-oblong, 3.2–3.4 × 1.5–1.6 mm, mid-vein
slightly raised abaxially, apex acute. Petals oblong, 2.8–3.0 × 1.3–1.5 mm, apex
obtuse to rounded. Lip ovate-oblong, slightly fleshy, with an epichile and a saccate
hypochile, densely with purple spots abaxially; epichile subtriangular, recurved, 1.8 ×
2.5 mm, apex obtuse and inconspicuous emarginate; hypochile nearly
subglobose-cucullate, 2 mm tall, 1.5–2.0 mm in diam., lateral edges with an
semicircular lobe above the oral area, ca. 0.9 mm tall, fleshy at bottom of saccate.
Column stout, ca. 2.2 mm long, purple; rostellum bifid; anther cap cucullate; pollinia
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2, ovate-orbicular; viscidium oblong, 0.5 × 0.1 mm; stipe linear, ca. 1 mm long.
Distribution. China (Yunnan), India, Nepal and Bhutan.
Phenology. Flowering from July to September.
Habitat. Epiphytic on trees in Karst region.
Specimens Examined. CHINA. Yunnan, Jinping County, Jinshuihe Town, alt.
400 m, 11 Aug. 2020, epiphytic on trees in Karst region. Jianwu LI 6085 (HITBC!).
Note. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that Luisia inconspicua belongs to
Luisia with high support (Fig. 7). Luisia inconspicua is sister to L. amesiana.
5. Cleisostoma Blume
Cleisostoma Blume (1825: 362) comprises approximately 110 species widely
distributed from mainland tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Philippines to Japan, Western Pacific island and Australia (Ponert et al.
2016). There are 18 species in China, and four of them are endemic in China. (Huang
et al. 2020)
5.1. Cleisostoma tricornutum Aver. in Taiwania, 60 (3): 108. 2015. (角状隔距兰
Jiao Zhuang Ge Ju Lan). Fig. 6: D–H.
––Type: Vietnam: Thanh Hoa province, Thuong Xuan district, Van Xuan
municipality, Hang Cao village, Xuan Lien natural reserve. Remnants of primary and
secondary broad-leaved evergreen forest on highly eroded rocky limestone hills,
Averyanov et al. CPC 6894 (Holotype: LE!)
Epiphytic herb. Roots several, basal, terete, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Stem
pendulous and ascending, 1–6 cm tall, ca. 3 mm in diameter. Leaves several,
distichous, flat, slightly V-shape, 9–18 × 1.1–2.0 cm, leathery, apex unequally bilobed,
lobes acute to rounded, base jointed and amplexicaul-sheathing. Inflorescence 1–5,
came out from basal axillary, unbranched, slender, 5–30 cm long, ca. 0.9 mm in
diameter, with 1–4 cannular sheaths, sheath membranous, 2–3 × 1–2 mm, apex acute;
rachis 4–18 cm long, slightly zig-zag curved, sparsely with many flowers, flower
yellowish-white, lip with purple lateral lobes. Flora bracts triangular, 0.5–0.7 × 0.7–
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1.0 mm, apex acute. Pedicel and ovary 5–6 mm long. Dorsal sepal oblong, 4.0–4.5 ×
1.3–1.5 mm, apex obtuse, slightly cymbiform, 5-veined; lateral sepals broadly ovate,
3.5–3.7 × 2.5–2.6 mm, apex obtuse, 5-veined; petals slightly oblique spatula, 2.6–2.8
× 1.1–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, 1-veined. Lip spurred, 3-lobed, lateral lobes erect,
narrowly conic, parallel and forward protruding, ca. 1.0 × 1.5 mm, apex acute;
mid-lobe sagittate-triangular, 2.5–2.6 × 1.9–2 mm, apex obtuse, central with a
longitudinal groove, disc with 3 fleshy low indistinct keels, median slightly longer;
spur conical, 1.6–1.7 mm long, apex rounded, inside with longitudinally septate.
Back-wall callus globrous, simple. Column stout, 2.2–2.3 mm long, base slightly
papillate, wings inconspicuous; anther cap beaked, pollinia 4, in 2 pair; rostellum
filiform, ca. 1 mm long; viscidium oblong, ca. 0.3 mm long, stipe filiform, 1.6 mm
long.
Distribution. China (Yunnan), Vietnam.
Phenology. Flowering from August to October.
Habitat. Epiphytic on trees or lithophytic on rocks in karst regions in tropical
seasonal forest, at an elevation 100–1600 m.
Specimens Examined. CHINA. Tukahe village, Qushui township, Jiangcheng
County, Yunnan Province, epiphytic on tree trunks in karst regions in tropical
seasonal forest. E:102.28, N: 22.59, alt. 370 m, 8 Oct. 2019, Jianwu LI 5121
(HITBC!).
Notes. Averyanov et al. (2015) described flowers “not widely opening’. Our
observation indicated that this species has flowers slightly spreading. It seems that
plants and flowers are in bigger size.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Grant from National Forestry and Grassland
Administration (No. 2019073018, 2019073019), Science and Technology Basic
Resources Investigation Program of China “Survey and Germplasm Conservation of
Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in South-west China” (Grant No.
2017FY100100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31670194),
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Strategic Biological Resources Capacity Building Project from the Chinese Academy
of Sciences “Seed Plants Research in Xishuangbanna Karst Region” (Grant No.
KFJ-BRP-017-36), the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences (Grant No. 2017-LSFGBOWS-02) and the National Wild Plant Germplasm
Resource Center, National Science & Technology Infrastructure and the Large-scale
Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.
2017-LSFGBOWS-02). We are grateful to Guoping YANG (Xishuangbanna tropical
Botanical Garden) for his help in the field work, to Congrui AI for her to showing us
the literature, and to Lian-Yi Li for his help with image processing.
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Legends of Figures and Table
Figure 1. Line draw of Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin. A. Plant, bar = 1 cm. B.
Flower (face view), bar = 5 mm. C. Flower (side view), bar = 5 mm. D. Capsule, bar = 1 cm. E.
Pollinia, bar = 1 mm. F. Dissection of flower, bar = 5 mm. (Draw from type specimen by Bo Pan).
Figure 2. A–D: Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin. A. Plant, bar = 5 cm. B. Flowers,
bar = 5 mm. C. (C-1. Dissection of flower, bar = 5 mm; C-2. Face view of flower, bar = 5 mm;
C-3. Pollinia, bar = 1 mm; C-4. Side view of flower, bar = 5 mm). D. Plant with capsule, bar = 1
cm. E–F: Plant of Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin. (A–D photographed by Jian-Wu Li, E–F
photographed by De-Ping Ye).
Figure 3. A–E: Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin. A. Plants, bar = 5 cm. B. Leaves, bar = 1
cm. C. Plant with flower, bar = 1 cm. D–E. Dissection of flower, bar = 1 mm. F–H: G. minimus
Jian W. Li, D.P. Ye & X.H. Jin. F. Dissection of flower, bar = 1 mm. G. Plant with flowers, bar = 1
cm. H. flowers, bar = 1 cm. (A–E photographed by Jian-Wu Li, F–H photographed by De-Ping
Ye).
Figure 4.
Taeniophyllum xizangense J.D. Ya & C. Liu. A. Plant. B. Inflorescence. C.
Face view of flower. D. Dorsal view of flower. E. Lateral view of flower. F. Papillae
outside the sepals. G. Adaxial sepals and petals. H. Abaxial sepals and petals. I. Front
view of labellum. J. Lateral view of column and labellum. K. Lateral view of labellum
(rip cutting). L. Ovary and column. M. Pollinarium. N. Anther cap. (Photographed by
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Ji-Dong Ya).
Figure 5. Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye & H. Jiang ex Jian W. Li & D.P. Ye. A. Plant,
bar = 5 cm. B–C. Flowers, bar = 1 cm. D–E. Dissection of flower (D. bar = 5 mm; E.
bar = 1 cm). (A–C photographed by Jian-Wu Li, D–E photographed by De-Ping Ye).
Figure 6. A–C: Luisia inconspicua (Hook.f.) King & Pantl. A. Plant, bar = 5 cm. B.
Plant with flowers, bar = 1 cm. C. Flowers, bar = 1 cm. D–H: Cleisostoma
tricornutum Aver. D. Inflorescence, bar = 1 cm. E. Plant, bar = 1 cm. F. Back view of
flower, bar = 1 mm. G. Side view of flower, bar = 1 mm. H. Dissection of flower, bar
= 1 mm. (A photographed by Jian-Wu Li, B–H photographed by De-Ping Ye).
Figure 7. Bayesian tree obtained from analysis of the combined dataset showing the
detailed relationships of Luisia inconspicua.
Table 1. Taxa and GenBank accession numbers of each species and outgroup in matK
sequence analyses.
Table 2. Differences between Tainiophyllum xizangense, T. stella and T. radiatum.
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Table 1.
Taxa and GenBank accession numbers of each species and outgroup in matK sequence
analyses.
Species
Accession
Gastrochilus acinacifolius
KJ733569.1
G. calceolaris
MK357135.1
G. formosanus
KJ733573.1
G. guangtungensis
KJ733574.1
G. intermedius
MK357151.1
G. japonicus
KJ733575.1
G. linii
MK357152.1
G. minutiflorus
MK357153.1
G. rantabunensis
MK357155.1
G. raraensis
KJ733577.1
G. tianbaoensis
MK357157.1
G. yunnanensis
MK357158.1
G. zhenyuanensis
MK357146.1
Holcoglossum flavescens
EU558965.1
H. lingulatum
EU558949.1
H. lingulatum
HQ452922.1
H. nujiangense
EU558959.1
H. omeiense
HQ452917.1
H. omeiense
JN106346.1
H. quasipinifolium
HQ452924.1
H. sinicum
EU558956.1
H. sinicum
JF763806.1
H. subulifolium
EU558943.1
H. tsii
AB217732.1
H. weixiense
EU558957.1
Luisia amesiana
KJ733580.1
L. cordata
KJ733581.1
L. filiformis
KF421852.1
L. inconspicua
*
MW169039
L. longispica
KJ733582.1
L. magniflora
KJ733583.1
L. trichorrhiza
EF655800.1
L. zeylanica
JN004496.1
Calanthe sieboldii
KF673815.1
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Table 2. Differences between Tainiophyllum xizangense, T. stella and T. radiatum.
Characters
Taeniophyllum
xizangense T. stella T. radiatum
Roots in diam.
1.5–2.0 mm 0.5 mm 2.5–3.5 mm
Inflorescences 6.0–16.0 mm long, 1–3
flowered, densely
short-bristly hairs
4.0–8.0 mm long,
many flowered,
muriculate
5.0–6.0 mm long,
many flowered,
papillosa
bracts ca. 2.0 mm, densely
short-bristly hairs
ca. 0.7 mm,
minutely
muriculate
ca. 0.7 mm,
minutely
muriculate
Flowers yellowish green
pale yellowish
white to bright
yellow or salmon
pink
pale orange or pale
salmon pink
sepals 10.0 × 1.5 mm,
externally with papillae
5.5× 1.0 mm,
externally
without papillae
5.8–7.6 × 1.0–1.3
mm, externally
without papillae
petals ca. 8.0 × 1.8 mm ca. 5.5–7.5 ×
1.0–0.75 mm ca. 5.0 × 0.9 mm
Labellum 10.0–11.0 × ca. 1.7 mm,
with an inflexed spine at
the tip, disk without keel
ca. 7.0 × 1.8 mm,
without spine at
tip, keeled in the
disk
ca. 5.5–8.0 × 1.3
mm, with an
inflexed spine at
the tip, disk
without keel
Pollinia ovoid pyriform oblique obovoid
viscidium triangular-ovate, 0.9 mm oval lanceolate, 0.7
mm
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Figure 1. Line draw of Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin. A. Plant, bar = 1 cm. B.
Flower (face view), bar = 5 mm. C. Flower (side view), bar = 5 mm. D. Capsule, bar = 1 cm. E.
Pollinia, bar = 1 mm. F. Dissection of flower, bar = 5 mm. (Draw from type specimen by Bo Pan).
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Figure 2. A–D: Tuberolabium subulatum Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin. A. Plant, bar = 5 cm. B. Flowers,
bar = 5 mm. C. (C-1. Dissection of flower, bar = 5 mm; C-2. Face view of flower, bar = 5 mm;
C-3. Pollinia, bar = 1 mm; C-4. Side view of flower, bar = 5 mm). D. Plant with capsule, bar = 1
cm. E–F: Plant of Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin. (A–D photographed by Jian-Wu Li, E–F
photographed by De-Ping Ye).
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Figure 3. A–E: Gastrochilus yei Jian W. Li & X.H. Jin. A. Plants, bar = 5 cm. B. Leaves, bar = 1
cm. C. Plant with flower, bar = 1 cm. D–E. Dissection of flower, bar = 1 mm. F–H: G. minimus
Jian W. Li, D.P. Ye & X.H. Jin. F. Dissection of flower, bar = 1 mm. G. Plant with flowers, bar = 1
cm. H. flowers, bar = 1 cm. (A–E photographed by Jian-Wu Li, F–H photographed by De-Ping
Ye).
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Figure 4.
Taeniophyllum xizangense J.D. Ya & C. Liu. A. Plant. B. Inflorescence. C.
Face view of flower. D. Dorsal view of flower. E. Lateral view of flower. F. Papillae
outside the sepals. G. Adaxial sepals and petals. H. Abaxial sepals and petals. I. Front
view of labellum. J. Lateral view of column and labellum. K. Lateral view of labellum
(rip cutting). L. Ovary and column. M. Pollinarium. N. Anther cap. (Photographed by
Ji-Dong Ya).
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Figure 5. Luisia simaoensis D.P. Ye & H. Jiang ex Jian W. Li & D.P. Ye. A. Plant,
bar = 5 cm. B–C. Flowers, bar = 1 cm. D–E. Dissection of flower (D. bar = 5 mm; E.
bar = 1 cm). (A–C photographed by Jian-Wu Li, D–E photographed by De-Ping Ye).
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Figure 6. A–C: Luisia inconspicua (Hook.f.) King & Pantl. A. Plant, bar = 5 cm. B.
Plant with flowers, bar = 1 cm. C. Flowers, bar = 1 cm. D–H: Cleisostoma
tricornutum Aver. D. Inflorescence, bar = 1 cm. E. Plant, bar = 1 cm. F. Back view of
flower, bar = 1 mm. G. Side view of flower, bar = 1 mm. H. Dissection of flower, bar
= 1 mm. (A photographed by Jian-Wu Li, B–H photographed by De-Ping Ye).
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Figure 7. Bayesian tree obtained from analysis of the combined dataset showing the
detailed relationships of Luisia inconspicua.
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H
HH
Highlights
ighlightsighlights
ighlights
This paper published 5 new species and 2 new record species from China, all
species belongs in Vandeae, Orchidaceae. One new record species determined the
phylogenetic position based on molecular analysis.
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C
CC
Conflict of interesting
onflict of interestingonflict of interesting
onflict of interesting
None declared.
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