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Response Rates in Survey Research
... In several other fields where survey research is used, studies have been published addressing declining response rates within their specific contexts. Varying recommendations have been made in fields of research ranging from the medical field to librarian research and higher education research to educational psychology (Fosnacht, et al., 2017;Kooy, 2020;Neal et al., 2020;Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). Recommendations in these fields included increasing response efforts when working with small sample frames, considering acceptability of reported response rates based on possible impact of the study findings, and striving to improve response rates where practical (Fosnacht, et al., 2017;Neal et al., 2020;Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). ...
... Varying recommendations have been made in fields of research ranging from the medical field to librarian research and higher education research to educational psychology (Fosnacht, et al., 2017;Kooy, 2020;Neal et al., 2020;Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). Recommendations in these fields included increasing response efforts when working with small sample frames, considering acceptability of reported response rates based on possible impact of the study findings, and striving to improve response rates where practical (Fosnacht, et al., 2017;Neal et al., 2020;Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). Park and Tsuchiya (2021) suggested experimental results from general public opinion research recommending specific procedures to increase response can have varying results in different contexts and settings. ...
To provide a benchmark of survey methods used in agricultural education research, a content analysis of Journal of Agricultural Education (JAE) research articles was conducted to determine populations studied, survey contact and response mode use, the use of incentives, and response and participation rates reported. Findings revealed survey research is still the most commonly used research methodology for articles published in the JAE. School-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers are the population most frequently surveyed with contact and response modes shifting from mailed paper surveys to online surveys. Incentives were rarely used in the sampled articles. Response and participation rates have declined 20 – 30% from 1979 to 2019, increasing the possibility for nonresponse error. Recommendations for practice include providing more specific information in manuscripts related to tailoring survey methods for a particular population and reporting participation and response rates more accurately. Further research was recommended for determining which survey modes are most successful for populations commonly studied in agricultural education research, conducting a cost analysis of using incentives, and exploring new technologies to reach populations via research.
... Lastly, in construction sector, in general, tends to have lower return rates compared to other industries due to the demanding nature of the work and time limitations on professionals like project managers and site engineers. A 40%-75% range is considered acceptable across many fields [73], thus our 42% response rate aligned with the acceptable thresholds for surveys conducted in similar sensitive and disrupted contexts [74]. ...
Achieving stakeholder satisfaction and attaining the objectives are considered indicators of success in construction projects. Performance criteria may consist of one or more indicators influenced by project's stakeholders and characteristics. This study uses an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to determine the key indicators affecting project performance from the contractors’ viewpoint. A set of 120 structured quantitative questionnaires survey were distributed to actively registered G7 contractor companies in Pulau Pinang. Ten hypothesized factors consisting of 42 indicators were measured using a five-point Likert scale and subsequently analyzed using SPSS software. Results of EFA showed eight re-evaluating affected factors of construction project performance in Pulau Pinang; most notably, factors such as Labor, equipment, consultant, and contract (LCC) which consists of fifteen indicators, giving factors loading of 0.495 to 0.804, Eigenvalues (20.5), and variance (48.9%). Based on stakeholders’ perspective, CFA identified four statistically significant project performance factors: LCC, People, Time, and Project characteristic with factor loading and covariance values > 0.7 and < 0.8, respectively. By pinpointing these factors and validating them via a dual-phase statistical approach, this study provides actionable insights for enhancing performance in sustainable construction projects, offering practical value to stakeholders and contractors in similar contexts, particularly during difficult situation in project delivery.
... The overall average response of 76.34% was considered adequate to respond to the concerns of this study. In general, a response rate of 70% and above is considered excellent in surveys (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). ...
Police and policing are critical components of any society's criminal justice system. The police maintain law and order, crime prevention and investigations besides ensuring public safety, protection of the basic rights and freedoms of citizens including the right to life. Their duty demands high degrees of competence, proper kitting and support of the government. This study investigated the influence of training reforms on performance of law enforcement in Kenya by the Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI), Kenya Police Service. The study was guided by Peelian Principles theory and Legitimacy theory. Mixed-method approach involving descriptive survey with an ethnographic method was used whereby quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires and the qualitative data obtained using open-ended interview guides and focus group discussions from the members of the civil society. A sample of 384 participants comprising of 230 DCI officers and 154 stakeholders drawn from the civil society and community elders was selected using multistage sampling technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0 using descriptive statistics (frequency distributions, means and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis). The study found that there is a significant moderate positive linear relationship (r=.428, p<0.05) between the training reforms and the performance of the DCI officers. The model predicts 49.4% influence of training reforms on the performance of the DCI (β= .429; Std. Error =.83332; t=6.415; p=0.000). For every unit increase in training reforms is .429 increase on the performance of the DCI officers. This study concluded that training of DCI officers equips them with requisite skills to improve their professionalism in execution of their mandates. The study also concluded that there is need for more and continuous trainings to enable officer tackle the ever-evolving world of crime and improve competencies to adapt to the emerging challenges.
... The researcher issued questionnaires to 25 target CBET trainers and 338 target CBET trainees at NNP. Table 4 shows the study's response rate. (Sataloff, & Vontela, 2021). ...
Competency-based education and training (CBET) focuses on developing practical skills, knowledge, and attributes in trainees rather than just theoretical knowledge. Launched by the Ministry of Education in Kenya in 2018, CBET aims to prepare trainees for real-world employment, making them professionals. However, traditional knowledge-based technical training methods have not been fully phased out in technical training institutions. This study aimed to assess the implementation of CBET in Kenya using The Nyeri National Polytechnic (NNP) in Nyeri, Kenya, as the case study. The research focused on the following objectives: to determine the level of pedagogical knowledge of the CBET approach among CBET trainers at NNP, to explore instructional processes CBET trainers use in content delivery at NNP, and to find out the assessment methods CBET trainers use to evaluate the competence levels developed by CBET trainees at NNP. Vygotsky's constructivist theory of learning guided this study, emphasising that learners actively construct knowledge. A descriptive case study design was used, targeting a population of 3,887, including 265 CBET trainers and 3,622 trainees at NNP. The sample comprised 363 respondents: 25 trainers and 338 trainees, selected through purposive and stratified purposeful sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, coded in SPSS, and analysed using descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, and mean, presented through narratives and tables. The study found that CBET trainers demonstrated, on average, an Advanced Level (74%) of pedagogical knowledge in the CBET approach, indicating a solid understanding but with 26% room for improvement to reach Expert Level (90% - 100%). Trainers utilised Universal Design for Learning (UDL), active learning, learner-centred methods, practical sessions, and dual training at an average of 68.8%, while traditional methods comprised 31.2%. Reliance on traditional written assessments was 38.9%, with evaluations occurring only once during trainees' four-month industry attachments, supplemented by written assessments (CATs and end-of-term exams) to assess competence. Recommendations highlight opportunities for professional development to elevate trainers to an Expert Level. Key interventions include refining instructional methods, enhancing resource availability, and strengthening partnerships for dual training. It is also vital for CBET trainers to adopt innovative assessment tools to effectively evaluate trainees’ competencies in line with industry standards. This research offers valuable insights for education stakeholders, providing a basis for assessing CBET implementation in technical institutions. It aids policymakers in refining strategies to enhance CBET initiatives and contributes to the knowledge base for future research in this area.
... The study achieved a response rate of 82.4%, with 215 out of the targeted 261 entrepreneurs from public transport enterprises in Kenya participating. According to Sataloff and Vontela (2021), a response rate exceeding 60% is sufficient for adequately representing the target population and supports the validity of conclusions and recommendations based on the collected data. ...
This study investigates the influence of competitive aggressiveness on the growth of public transport enterprises in Kenya. Public transport enterprises significantly contribute to the national economy, yet they encounter numerous challenges in their operating environment, such as evolving policies, regulatory changes, taxation issues, poor infrastructure, and inconsistent law enforcement, all impacting growth. While competitive aggressiveness is often deemed crucial for entrepreneurial success, exploring its effects in the Kenyan public transport sector is limited. This study addresses this gap, grounded in the resource-based view (RBV) theory of competitiveness. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study surveyed all 261 public transport enterprises operating in Nairobi County. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS, applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results indicate a significant positive effect of competitive aggressiveness on enterprise growth (? = 0.704; p < 0.05). The study concludes that low levels of competitive aggressiveness among public transport entrepreneurs limit sectoral growth. It recommends fostering a more aggressive competitive approach to support enterprise expansion within this critical sector.
... Based on the required sample of 373 participants, the response rate for the study was approximately 55.2%, with 206 completed surveys included in the analysis. According to survey literature, a 55% response rate is considered good, with many experts regarding a response rate of 50% or higher as excellent, indicating a strong representation of the target population and reliable data collection (Sataloff and Vontela, 2021). The majority (88.8%) of participants were aged between 18-24 years, with a smaller group of 2 participants (0.97%) who were under the age of 18. ...
Introduction This study assessed diabetes mellitus (DM) knowledge among undergraduate students at a South African University of Technology. Using a cross-sectional, mixed-methods approach, the aim was to compare diabetes knowledge between students in health-related and non-health-related fields, evaluate their attitudes toward diabetes education, and assess self-perceived knowledge. With the rising global prevalence of diabetes, particularly among younger populations, this research explores awareness and education gaps regarding diabetes among university students.
... The average response rate was 81% indicating there was a high response rate. This means that the study was considered successful as also established by Sataloff and Vontela (2021) that anytime a response rate is above 70%, it is considered to be excellent. ...
Purpose: To explore the influence of professional practice on financial management in secondary schools in Meru County, Kenya. Contingency theory was adopted to guide the study. Methodology: Descriptive research design was used to collect data from a target population of 40 principals and 524 senior staff (bursars and heads of departments) in 40 public secondary schools in Meru County. Simple random method was used to sample 12 secondary schools. The sample population included 12 principals and 157 senior staff, selected through purposive and simple random methods. The principals were interviewed whereas the teaching and non-teaching staff answered a closed-ended questionnaire. A pilot test was conducted in 4 public secondary schools. Furthermore, SPSS was used in the analysis of both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and mean were analyzed and presented using tables. Pearson correlation was used to test the hypothesis. Results: 118(93%) strongly agreed and 9(7%) agreed on a mean of 4.93 that, new staff were always oriented on the expectations of the school’s management as far as professional practice was concerned. That notwithstanding, 47(37%) strongly disagreed and 31(24%) disagreed on a mean of 2.61 that their departments had several professional staff who were committed to delivering on their assignments. The Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.591** at α < 0.000 and 99% significance level for principals and bursars. The coefficient r=0.367** at α < 0.000 and 99% significance level were for heads of departments. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study found that financial risk was not adequately handled hence relied on personal experiences and expertise of the school management to mitigate them. Therefore, the recommendations are that the management should work with the Ministry of Education and BoM to employ more accounting staff, and institute measures that encourage community of practice among the staff.
... Using a simple random sampling, 110 usable responses were received, which corresponds to a response rate of 29%. This is in line with the observation of Sataloff and Vontela (2021), who found that the response rate for social science surveys is usually around 25%. The data were analysed using various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation for all variables), Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. ...
Studying is typically associated with some levels of stress due to the adjustment to new social and educational settings, but academic stress problems among university students have become more prevalent. This study addresses a question of how academic stress, workload, performance, and facilities are related among the university students. It examines the relationship between academic facilities, self-regulation, academic workload, and academic performance, and academic stress among the university students. A total of 110 students voluntarily participated in this study and completed the questionnaire. The results of the multiple regression analysis reveal a significant relationship between academic workload and academic performance; however, there is no significant relationship between academic facilities and self-regulation and academic stress. The findings suggest that academic workload and academic performance are the most important factors that may influence academic stress among university students. Future research should increase and diversify the samples to improve the generalisability of the results.
... Source: Author (2024) The exercise of data collection started with the circulation of questionnaires to 286 sampled companies of which only 188 responded accordingly. Sataloff and Vontela (2021) regarded this response rate of 66% as very good as it fell within the acceptable range of 45% to 75%. The study asserted that, the rate above 75% was regarded as outstanding with reference to recommendations by various American journals which accepted the minimum response rates of 65%. ...
The overall objective of this study was to ascertain the difference in ABC adoption rates between the manufacturing and service sectors in Tanzania. Based on the cross-sectional survey design, primary data were collected from 188 companies located in Dar Es Salaam, Arusha and Dodoma regions. The inferential statistics from chi-squared (2) test results revealed that, p= 0.692 in country-wide was greater than 0.05, hence failed a condition to reject a null hypothesis (H0). It was therefore concluded that, the difference in ABC adoption rates between the Tanzanian manufacturing and service sectors was not statistically significant. This conclusion was consistent in all the three research areas including Dar es Salaam (p= 0.622), Arusha (p= 0.193) and Dodoma (p= 0.986). The results give the implication that, a policy to be developed by a Tanzanian government to address the problem of low rate of 1.1% ABC adoption, should be uniform to both the manufacturing and service sectors. It is also important to note that, the results suggested an equal allocation of resources across both sectors in fostering companies to adopt the system.
... Possible explanations for the low response rate include the length of the survey, no monetary compensation for participants, and that we collected data during the COVID-19 pandemic when outpatient appointments were limited. As a result, our findings are at risk for possible nonresponse bias, 34 although the large sample size provided adequate power to allow us to report significant findings. Of note, results related to the National Survey of Student Engagement indicated that data estimates remained reliable even with a 5% to 10% response rate if the sample size was at least 500; this adds support to the validity of our results. ...
Objectives
To identify patient characteristics, health concerns, and barriers to care based on overweight or obesity.
Methods
A 50-question anonymous survey was administered to patients. Data were compared by body mass index (BMI).
Results
Among 3976 distributed surveys, 899 were returned and 682 were analyzed. Most respondents were women (60%), White (94%), and married/partnered (65%) and had some college education (80%). Younger and unmarried persons had higher BMI (P < .001). Concern for quality of life (P < .001) and importance of lifestyle changes (P = .006) increased with BMI, but confidence in making changes decreased as BMI increased (P < .001). Perceived good health decreased with increasing BMI (P < .001), whereas depression and other comorbid conditions increased. Self-esteem decreased and stigma increased with higher BMI (both P < .001). Weight discussions with clinicians (P < .001) and belief that clinicians should be involved in weight management (P = .002) increased with BMI, yet self-perception of being judged by clinicians also increased (P < .001). As BMI increased, delays in seeking health care increased (P < .001).
Conclusions
This survey study highlights perceived health concerns and barriers to care among persons with overweight and obesity. With higher BMI, self-esteem decreased, and stigma, self-perception of poor health, perception of being judged by clinicians, and delay in seeking medical care increased.
... Lastly, while our study revealed a considerable number of drug-related queries with knowledge gaps, potentially resulting in insufficient guidance for clinicians, predicting the actual consequences on rational drug use and patient care remains challenging. It is rather difficult to measure the consequence of these knowledge gaps on decision making given the typical low response rates in clinical survey studies 20 . Future efforts are needed to map the extent of consequences of the existing knowledge gaps on the health care of patients. ...
Drug Information Centres (DICs) are providing clinicians with evidence-based support for rational drug treatment. However, knowledge gaps in the literature may hinder DICs from offering optimal guidance. This study examined the extent and nature of these knowledge gaps and their impact on clinical pharmacological advice, using real-world query data from a Swedish regional DIC. Data from 2022 at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital were analysed, focusing on queries outside off-label prescriptions and pharmaceutical aspects. A qualitative text content analysis identified phrases indicating a lack of evidence. Responses were categorized by the presence of these signalling phrases and the presence or absence of knowledge gaps. Among 209 responses, the majority were patient-specific (79%), posed by physicians (95%), and often related to adverse effects (37%). The analysis revealed that 23% of the responses had scientific knowledge gaps, and in 18% of the responses, no clinical pharmacological advice could be provided. Knowledge gaps were particularly associated with queries on adverse effects, long-term medication safety, specific patient cases and comorbidities, drug comparisons, or patient populations with limited literature coverage. This analysis highlights the potential of DICs to identify unmet clinical needs in drug treatment and to promote research for evidence-based, patient-centred drug treatment.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-82324-8.
... Additional respondents from government and academic institutions were also included, effectively expanding the diversity of perspectives and strengthening the study's insights, which would typically increase the sample size. Despite falling short of the initial target, recent literature supports that a sample size of 189 can still yield statistically significant results in survey research, particularly with response rates between 40% and 75% (Sataloff and Vontela, 2021). In this study, the response rate was 56.4%. ...
Building information modelling is making waves in the global built environment, improving the architecture engineering and construction industry in many aspects. However, in Malawi, it is neither widely adopted nor well-researched. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and analyse the challenges of BIM implementation in Malawi. A quantitative methodology was used, collecting 189 questionnaires. Descriptive analysis (mean item score), one-sample t-test, and factor analysis were used to analyse the data. The descriptive analysis revealed differences in ranking the 20 BIM challenge factors among various groups, yet no statistically significant variances were found among them; all the challenges were deemed critical. However, the results of the one-sample t-test indicated statistically significant differences in 13 of the 20 challenges, including issues with expertise, experience, integrating multiple software, understanding BIM potential, implementation methods, change adaptation, legislative guidelines, high implementation costs, awareness, integration to traditional techniques, procurement procedures, and strategic vision for implementation. Thus, through factor analysis, the study divided the 20 BIM implementation challenges into three categories: BIM integration, collaborative workflow, and technical adaptability challenges. These findings would increase BIM awareness, best practices and solutions, collaboration and communication, training and education, and industry BIM adoption. The study further contributes to the body of knowledge by providing structured challenges for BIM implementation, filling the knowledge gap about BIM challenges in the Malawian construction industry.
... Of the 291 distributed surveys, 142 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 48.11 %. This response rate is considered feasible for studies collecting data via postal questionnaires (Pielsticker & Hiebl, 2020;Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). ...
In Tokyo, where agricultural land is both scarce and expensive, understanding the motivations of farmers committed to sustainable practices is essential. This study explores the occupational values of environmentally conscious urban farmers pursuing organic certification. To address the middle response bias common with Likert scales in Japan, we utilized both a five-point Likert scale and Best-Worst Scaling (BWS). BWS, by identifying the most and least significant values, provides a more nuanced evaluation. Our analysis, based on responses from 89 certified urban farmers, reveals that relationships with consumers are highly prioritized, while values related to nature and the environment are less emphasized—challenging conventional assumptions about sustainability motivations. Furthermore, significant differences in the importance of family, business, and land were observed between the two methods. BWS offered deeper insights into farmers' values, uncovering subtleties that Likert scales may obscure. These findings offer a robust foundation for future research aimed at integrating these values into sustainable urban agricultural strategies, potentially reshaping market dynamics and informing policy development to support Tokyo's agricultural sustainability.
... The lack of returned questionnaires was mainly due to the temporary absence of selected individuals during the data collection phase. Sataloff and Vontela (2021) indicated that response rates above 50% are desirable in social science research. A high response rate strengthens the validity of your findings, as it suggests that your data is more likely to be representative of the target population you aimed to survey. ...
A large number of Rwandan corporate groups have failed to meet their goals because of ineffective monitoring and assessment. Companies with a strong competitive edge use monitoring and evaluation since it is expensive and demands technological competencies. Some of the issues that have arisen inside the BLF project include a lack of expertise, inadequate managerial abilities, and sloppy monitoring and assessment practices. The general objective of the study was to assess the role of monitoring and evaluation practices on performance of education funded project in Rwanda. A case study of Building learning foundation (BLF) in Rwanda. To identify the effect of monitoring and evaluation budgetary allocation on performance of education funded project of building learning foundation in Gasabo District , to determine the effect of monitoring and evaluation risks analysis on performance of education funded project of building learning foundation in Gasabo District , to examine the effect of monitoring and evaluation trainings on performance of education funded project of building learning foundation in Gasabo District and to identify the effect of M&E accountability on performance of education funded project of building learning foundation in Gasabo District. Both the Theory of Change (ToC) and the Realistic Evaluation Theory (RET) were used in this research. There was a total of 184 people considered, and 126 were chosen at random. The researcher utilized a simple random sampling approach to choose a sample from the BLF community. Data were gathered using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation, taking into account the character and organization of the BLF population. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to modify, code, and enter the obtained data. This allowed the researcher to get frequency tables, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The model summary for the regression showed the R value of .861 indicates a strong positive correlation between the predictors and the dependent variable. The R Square value of .742 represents the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is predictable from the predictors. In this case, approximately 74.2% of the variability in the performance of the BLF project can be explained by the predictors included in the model. the coefficients provide the findings, M&E budgetary allocation has a coefficient of 0.551, indicating that a one-unit increase in budget allocation corresponds to a 0.551 increase in BLF project performance. Similarly, M&E risks analysis, M&E trainings, and M&E accountability show coefficients of 0.285, 0.291, and 0.186 respectively, indicating their respective impacts on BLF project performance. All predictor variables exhibit significant p-values, with M&E budgetary allocation, M&E risks analysis, and M&E trainings demonstrating statistical significance (p = 0.000< 0.05). This emphasizes their crucial roles in influencing positive outcomes in the BLF project. It is evident that when these components are effectively managed, they significantly enhance project performance, validating their importance in the p BLF project performance. The study recommended that Building Learning Foundation in Gasabo District should conduct a cost-benefit analysis to determine the optimal budget allocation for monitoring and evaluation activities.
... The response rate achieved was 65.71%. According to Sataloff and Vontela (2021), the ideal range for response rate should be above 60%, hence the response rate can be considered as acceptable. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analyses to examine the relationship between technical and managerial skills of construction site managers and the quality performance of construction projects they undertake. ...
Globally, the performance of the construction industry is often cited as one of low performance. Whilst concerted efforts have been made aimed at improving the performance of the construction industry through various strategies, the impact of construction site managers’ technical and managerial skills remains relatively unexplored. This study assesses the impact of construction site manager’s technical and managerial skills on quality performance of construction projects in Ghana. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 115 respondents for the study. The findings of the study revealed that construction site managers were not especially skilled in technical, legal, interpersonal, managerial, and business skills. The findings of the study suggest that the level of implementation of quality management practices among construction site managers for attaining high quality standards was acceptably high. The study revealed that the most significant skill requirements that can improve quality performance at construction sites was managerial and technical skills. The findings of the study disclosed that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between construction site manager’s skills and quality performance of construction projects they managed. It is recommended among others that efforts should be made by the top management of construction firms to create a quality management culture throughout the entire organisations. . Keywords: Construction Site Manager, Managerial Skills, Technical Skills, Quality Performance.
... However, the MAC scale's response rate still is high. 51 Two thirds of the patients responded to all 40 items; these patients were somewhat younger and consisted of more women than the group of patients lacking responses. An individual's coping capacity may vary with time, with variations in experienced burden, 6,[17][18][19]26,47 and due to support from others. ...
Objectives: To study the relationship between coping strategies and nausea during emetogenic pelvic-abdominal radiotherapy, and to describe the patients’ rationales for their expectations regarding nausea. Methods: Patients (n = 200: 84% women, mean age 64 years, 69% had gynecological, 27% colorectal, and 4% had other malignances) longitudinally participated during pelvic-abdominal radiotherapy. We measured adopted coping strategies using the Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale and the patients’ rationales for their expectations regarding nausea at baseline. The patients registered nausea and vomiting daily during the radiotherapy period (mean 36 + Standard Deviation 10 days). Results: Patients who experienced nausea (n = 128, 64%) during the radiotherapy period graded a lower score on “Fighting Spirit” (median, md, score 51, P = .031) and a higher score on “anxious preoccupation” (md 18, P = .040) compared to patients who did not experience nausea (n = 72, 36%), md 54 and md 17. More of the patients for whom “Helpless-Hopeless” represented the most predominant response experienced nausea (100%) or vomited (56%) compared to patients adopting “Fighting Spirit”: 62% experienced nausea (P = .011) and 20% vomited (P = .014). Only four (6%) of the nausea-free patients had expected themselves to be at increased risk for nausea. Of the patients who became nauseous, 22 (17%) patients had expected themselves to be at increased risk for nausea (P = .017), based on previous experience. Conclusion: Patients adopting maladaptive coping strategies or patients expecting nausea based on previous experiences, were more likely to experience nausea than other patients when undergoing emetogenic pelvic-abdominal radiotherapy. Cancer care professionals may identify patients adopting maladaptive coping strategies or having high nausea expectations by applying the MAC scale and self-assessment of expected nausea risk and guide these patients to adopt adaptive coping strategies and strengthen their expectations on successful prevention of nausea.
Trial registration number: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00621660.
... The calculation results showed that a minimum of 64 participants would be required; however, an additional 10 participants were added to hedge against individuals who might not fully complete the survey. To ensure that statistical power was achieved, the sampling frame (i.e., all potential participants who would be sent a survey) included 211 individuals because response rates in social science survey research are typically at approximately 25% (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). Figure 3 shows a graph of sample sizes at different power levels. ...
Turnover in the food service industry, particularly in the college and university dining sector, contributes significantly to the rising costs associated with consistently replacing employees. Leader behavior can significantly affect an employee's intention to stay with an organization. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived servant leadership behaviors of supervisors and employee turnover intentions in the university dining sector of the food service industry. The research questions addressed whether the practice of servant leadership behaviors correlates with employee intention to stay. The study design was nonexperimental correlational with purposive convenience sampling. Data were obtained from 50 participants via two surveys. A post hoc analysis was used to determine the study strength. Multiple regression analysis determined the statistical significance of turnover intentions, which demonstrated a strong and negative correlation linking servant leadership behaviors to turnover intentions. Study findings addressed a gap in the literature regarding how supervisors' perceived servant leadership behaviors relate to employee turnover intentions. Results suggested that adopting servant leadership behaviors in the college and university dining sector of the food service industry could lead to less employee turnover. Keywords: leadership styles, servant leadership, leadership, leadership models, organizational commitment, employee turnover intention, perceived organizational support, iv perceived supervisor support, employee turnover, job satisfaction, food services, leadership in food service, campus dining operations, employee engagement and job satisfaction, effect of leadership styles on job hopping, servant leadership, food service industry, leadership models v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
... The response rate was 30.64%, which falls in the lower range compared to usual medical research (30%-75%) (Sataloff and Vontela, 2021). Families commonly decline to participate in the survey for various reasons, such as being hesitant to sign informed consent, lack of interest, time constraints, and feeling tired or stressed. ...
In Taiwan, hospice nurses often take family members of terminally ill patients on hospice ward tours and provide information on transfers. We conducted a study to investigate the tour’s effectiveness in encouraging family members to transfer their loved ones to hospice. We conceptualized our study framework based on the Andersen healthcare utilization model. The hospice nurses invited family members who participated in the tour to complete the survey to investigate the tour and hospice facilities’ influence on their willingness to transfer. A total of 87 participants responded to the study, with an average age of 48.84 ± 12.08 years. Most participants were women (78.16%) and the children of patients (55.17%). The results showed that the tour significantly increased willingness scores (before 4.46 ± 0.73, after 4.74 ± 0.58, p = .0036). Practical and activity-related facilities had the highest influence scores. However, binary logistic regression revealed that patients aged ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR]: 0.281, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.099, 0.797]) and higher influence scores for psychospiritual care features (OR: 0.182, 95% CI [0.040, 0.821]) negatively affected the change in willingness score, possibly due to family members’ anticipatory grief. Hospice tour guides should be able to identify, assess, and deal with this issue. Overall, hospice tours can effectively encourage transfer to the hospice ward, but addressing psychological barriers such as anticipatory grief is crucial for success.
... A 63% response rate however is relatively high for a survey, and previous work suggests that the distribution of data does not differ significantly between studies with a response rates between 40% and 80%. 38,39 Fifth, we did not collect data on repeat infections, which may have had implications for those patients who reported worsening of symptoms. And finally, the generalizability of these results coming from a retrospective survey at a single institute cannot be extrapolated to the general population. ...
Background
In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with acute infection, COVID-19 has been associated with persistent symptoms (>30 days), often referred to as Long COVID (LC). LC symptoms often cluster into phenotypes, resembling conditions such as fibromyalgia, postural orthostatic tachycardiac syndrome (POTS), and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). LC clinics have been established to best address the needs of LC patients and continuity of care. We developed a cross-sectional survey to assess treatment response through our LC Clinic (LCC).
Methods
A 25-question survey (1-10 Likert scale) was expert- and content-validated by LCC clinicians, patients, and patient advocates. The survey assessed LC symptoms and the helpfulness of different interventions, including medications and supplements. A total of 852 LCC patients were asked to complete the survey, with 536 (62.9%) responding.
Results
The mean time from associated COVID-19 infection to survey completion was 23.2 ± 6.4 months. The mean age of responders was 52.3 ± 14.1 (63% females). Self-reported symptoms were all significantly improved (P < .001) from the initial visit to the LCC (baseline) to the time of the follow-up survey. However, only 4.5% (24/536) of patients rated all symptoms low (1-2) at the time of the survey, indicating low levels of full recovery in our cohort. The patients rated numerous interventions as being helpful, including low-dose naltrexone (45/77; 58%), vagal nerve stimulation (18/34; 53%), and fisetin (28/44; 64%).
Conclusions
Patients report general improvements in symptoms following the initial LCC visit, but complete recovery rates remain low at 23.2 ± 6.4 months.
... The lack of returned questionnaires was mainly due to the temporary absence of selected individuals during the data collection phase. Sataloff and Vontela (2021) indicated that response rates above 50% are desirable in social science research. A high response rate strengthens the validity of your findings, as it suggests that your data is more likely to be representative of the target population you aimed to survey. ...
In local and globalized markets, warehouses are crucial supply chain nodes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of warehousing on supply chain performance: A case of Inyange Industries Ltd. The goals were to evaluate how inventory management, warehouse capacity building, and material handling affects supply chain performance in Inyange Industries Ltd. This research experimented with three different theories: Just-in-time, Lean, and Triple-A supply chain. The population of this study were 105 staff members of Inyange Industries Ltd. Therefore, census was conducted because the population size is affordable and the researcher can be able to contact all the respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential research methodology in this study. Questionnaires were used to gather primary data, which was then analyzed. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to show the study's results. According to the research, supply chain performance is positively and significantly affected by both automated and manual material handling. Mechanical material handling, on the other hand, improves supply chain performance, but not much. Inyange Industries' supply chain performance is influenced by the material handling systems to the tune of 19.3%, as shown by the modified R2 value of 0.193. According to the research, supply chain performance is positively and significantly affected by inventory counts, warehouse management systems, and inventory organization. A 0.967 adjusted R^2 value suggests that 96.7% of the variation in Inyange Industries' supply chain performance is explained by the inventory management techniques. According to the research, supply chain effectiveness is positively and significantly impacted by warehouse demand planning, design, and management. Warehouse capacity planning techniques at Inyange Industries account for 95.4% of the variation in supply chain performance, as shown by the modified R2 value of 0.954. The research concluded that material handling, inventory management, and warehouse capacity planning are all important warehouse management measures that significantly impact supply chain performance for the better. The methods used by Inyange Industries Ltd. for managing their warehouses have resulted in an improvement in supply chain performance of 87.2%. The regression coefficients, supported by their t-test values and Beta coefficients, highlight both the significance and strength of relationships between independent and dependent variables. Material Handling demonstrated the greatest impact (β1=0.532, t=8.556, p=0.000), followed by Inventory Management (β2=0.379, t=6.147, p=0.000), and Warehouse Capacity Planning (β3=0.172, t=3.268, p=0.002), emphasizing their respective contributions to Supply Chain Performance of Inyange Industries Ltd.'s supply chain. This proved that material handling in warehouse management has a major influence on supply chain performance. Because the p-value was lower than 5%, we may say that the association is statistically significant. The research concluded that both automated and human material handling should get additional funding. To maximize efficiency in stock-taking as well. Previous studies have looked at a variety of organizational factors that affect performance of supply chains. To further understand how warehouse management strategies affect overall performance, more research is needed.
... The sample size generated by Cochran gave an estimation of the ceiling of the total sample to be drawn on the field. With a 65% response rate across districts, the sample size drawn on the field is considered credible (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021;Fincham, 2008). Additionally, the scope of the study was limited to the Guinea Savana and Deciduous Forest Agroecological zones, as they represent Ghana's primary cultural practices (patrilineal and matrilineal systems) and the two main planting seasons (uni-modal and bi-modal). ...
Gender‐differentiated roles, responsibilities, access, rights, and knowledge gaps shape women's vulnerability to climate change. This is especially critical for women farmers whose livelihoods are climate‐dependent. A key component in building women farmers’ resilience to climate change is deepening their adaptive capacity. Therefore, this research sought to measure the adaptive capacity of women farmers from two unique districts of Ghana using the sustainable livelihood capitals and investigate how access to climate information and the uptake of climate action can influence women's adaptive capacity. Rural women farmers ( n = 497) were interviewed through a survey and supported with key informant interviews from six agricultural staff at the selected districts. The adaptive capacity of respondents was rated moderate at 0.405. Differences between the adaptive capacity of women from different agroecological zones (Dormaa East—0.422; East Gonja—0.388) were statistically insignificant ( p > 0.05). All climate information mediums except the TV medium had a significant prediction on women farmers’ adaptive capacity. The odds of a decreasing relationship of predictor variables, such as extension officer medium, radio, and adaptation action, require strategic structuring to accrue holistic benefit. The study thus recommends deepening women's benefit from extension services by attracting and retaining female extensionists, while training extensionists on tailored techniques for engaging female farmers. Again, extensionists who report high outreach to female farmers should be incentivized. Traditional and modern Information and Communication Technology mediums must be explored and integrated as alternatives. Co‐benefit practices for both adaptation and mitigation should be encouraged among women farmers to deepen climate action.
... While there is no standard consensus on acceptable optional survey response rates in the medical literature, studies have found average response rates for medical surveys ranging from 27% to 75%. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Resident participation and response rate in this study were comparable with average response rates in optional medical surveys. Therefore, the median response rate for this study is considered to reflect good resident engagement. ...
Introduction and Problem Statement Morning report (MR) has been a foundation of learning in many neurology residency programs. However, fortification of the high-yield learning points during MR cases may be achieved with supplementary educational initiatives to promote effective long-term retention and test-enhanced learning.
... As such there was no criteria excluding any RN employed at the hospital from participation in this study. Five hundred seventy-six participants were required for a 50% response rate (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021 ...
... The N2N response rate for the parent satisfaction survey was 42%. According to Sataloff and Vontela,22 this is considered an acceptable response rate compared with other response rates documented in the literature, especially if the data retrieved reveals important findings. Lower response rates make it challenging to learn about the experiences and needs of pediatric patients and their families, and findings may not represent the survey-eligible population. ...
Background
Boston Children's Hospital's Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) discharges about a third of its medically complex infants home. Parental feedback indicated a need for more education and training in discharge preparation.
Purpose
The NICU to Nursery (N2N) program was created to better prepare parents to care for their medically complex infants following Level IV NICU discharge. The goals were to (1) mitigate safety risks, (2) assess parent satisfaction, (3) assess pediatric primary care providers' (PCPs') satisfaction, (4) assess community visiting nurses' and PCPs' knowledge deficits, and (5) develop educational materials.
Methods
The N2N program provided parents with pre- and postdischarge assessments with an experienced nurse. Parents completed a survey following assessments to measure satisfaction. To enhance PCPs' knowledge, they were sent summary reports and asked for feedback. PCP feedback, along with a needs assessment of community visiting nurses, guided the development of free Web-based educational videos.
Results
One hundred and fifty-five parents participated in the N2N program. Parents' educational needs included medication education, safe sleep, and well-infant care, with some requiring significant nursing interventions for safety risk mitigation. Most PCPs found the home visit reports helpful. Knowledge deficits identified among PCPs and community visiting nurses included management of tubes and drains, growth and nutrition, and emergency response. More than 100,000 providers viewed the 3 Web-based educational videos developed.
Implications for Practice and Research
The N2N program fills a crucial gap in the transition of medically complex infants discharged home. The next steps are developing best practices for virtual in-home assessments.
... Despite, that this study strived for a high response rate using prenotification, e-mail invitation and reminders (Sataloff and Vontela, 2021) the response rate was 61,7 %, and it is unknown whether responders differed from non-responders. Although data were anonymized, the response rate may be influenced by the interests of participants, and the assurance of privacy and confidentiality (Sammut et al., 2021). ...
... Out of the targeted 67 administration staff of the devolved government unit, 56 responded by submitting back fully filled research instruments. This indicated a response rate of 83.58%, which is acceptable rate for further analysis [36]. The highest response rate of 90% was from the revenue collection officers who formed the bulk of the respondents, followed by the county chief officers at 81.82%, chief revenue officers at 75%, and lastly the sub county administrators at 62.50%. ...
The revenue collection within the county governments in Kenya has remained insufficient in funding the development projects and ensuring effective service delivery. However, administrative strategies, such as revenue diversification, human capital management and technology adoption, have been adopted by most of these county governments to enhance revenue collection efficiency. Hence this study sought to assess the effect of these administrative strategies on revenue collection efficiency within Machakos County in Kenya. The descriptive research design was applied to gather information using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were used to analyze the data, which indicated that the adopted administrative strategies have positive influence on revenue collection efficiency within the devolved government systems, particularly the technology adoption strategy. The study recommends that the County Governments in Kenya should therefore put more effort on coming up with administrative strategies which are technology oriented in order to boost their revenue collections.
... As such there was no criteria excluding any RN employed at the hospital from participation in this study. Five hundred seventy-six participants were required for a 50% response rate (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021 ...
... The questionnaire is divided into several sections, some of which are common to all respondents and others to only some. Most of the selected questions are closed-ended for greater accuracy of results and to maximize the response rate (Sataloff and Vontela, 2021). ...
... A total of 305 cancer patients were asked to participate in the survey-based study, which was multicentered at two German university medical centers. 280 patients replied to the survey [32][33][34][35][36]. Socio-demographic factors. ...
Background
Internet penetration worldwide has increased rapidly over the recent years. With this growth, modern information and communication technologies (ICT) have become increasingly important. They do not only change daily life but also patient-physician interaction and health related information search, which can be summarized as electronic Health (eHealth). eHealth was already known before the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but this pandemic substantially challenged health systems, physicians and hospitals so profoundly that new services and methods of patient-physician interaction had to be implemented rapidly. This study investigates the attitude of cancer patients towards eHealth and the potential impact of COVID-19 on its use.
Methods and findings
The study was a multicentered study carried out at the university hospitals Bonn and Aachen. Patients were asked to answer a structured questionnaire in the time span between September 2019 and February 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, no patients were addressed between March 2020 and July 2020. The questionnaire focused on socio-demographic data, the dissemination of internet-enabled devices, the patients’ attitude towards eHealth and the use of modern ICT in daily life and for health-related information search. In total, 280 patients have filled the questionnaire of which 48% were female and 52% were male. Men have a slightly more positive attitude towards the overall potential of eHealth than women which was shown by a significant influence for receiving medical information via e-mail. Hematological-oncological patients with a higher education level reported a significantly higher willingness to send personal health information to their physician and health insurance. A frequency of medical consultation of more than 5 times during the previous year has a significantly positive impact regarding the use of online communication, online video consultation and treatment quality. Younger patients have more concerns about data security than older patients. The study shows a different attitude towards the influence of eHealth on the patient-physician relationship in different therapy situations. While there were no significant changes in patients’ attitude towards eHealth after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a trend towards an increasingly embracing attitude in patients, who answered the questionnaire during COVID-19 pandemic situation.
Conclusions
Overall, cancer patients had a positive attitude towards eHealth and the dissemination of internet-enabled devices was high. The study shows that the potential of eHealth is high among hematological-oncological patients. Further eHealth technologies and especially telemedically supported care processes should be implemented to improve patient-physician interaction and cross-sectoral care. COVID-19 pandemic led to a fast initiation and acceleration of new structures and routines for physicians, hospitals and patients. These new processes should be used to promote digitalization in hematological and oncological telemedicine. To successfully implement new eHealth technologies, future research should focus on patients’ concerns about data privacy and data availability especially in the context of exchange of medical information in cross sectoral and interdisciplinary care processes.
... In fact, low response rates have been widely reported in Canadian studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we acknowledge that different results may have been analysed had the study been conducted at a different time, we strongly emphasise that there is currently no consensus on what constitutes of an acceptable response rate [44][45][46]. Furthermore, our survey was able to gather data from most of the provinces in Canada (6/10 provinces), providing an acceptable overview of programs around the country. ...
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a cornerstone intervention for controlling respiratory symptoms in people with chronic respiratory diseases. Chronic cough affects up to 90% of people with chronic respiratory diseases, however, it is currently unknown whether chronic cough is assessed and/or managed in pulmonary rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine if and how chronic cough is assessed and managed in pulmonary rehabilitation. This was a cross-sectional study. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs in Canada were identified via online websites. A representative from each program was invited to complete an online survey including the following topics: program demographics, assessment and management practices, and barriers and facilitators. Of 133 programs contacted, 31 returned a completed survey (23% response rate). Approximately half (52%) of respondents reported enrolling patients with chronic cough. Of those, 45% reported assessing and 62% reported intervening in chronic cough. Inadequate knowledge of assessment and management techniques was commonly identified to be a barrier and increased education was suggested as a possible facilitator. Based on pulmonary rehabilitation programs that responded to our survey, chronic cough is a prevalent symptom; however, it is scarcely assessed and managed. A need for structured education and the use of standardised strategies were reported as facilitators to the assessment and management of chronic cough in pulmonary rehabilitation.
... A survey is considered acceptable, if it achieves at least a 70% response rate or an 80% rate (Leslie, 1972). According to other opinions, acceptable response rates range from 40% to 75% across different areas (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). At the same time, the response rates to online surveys are nearly always very much lower than those obtained when using on-paper surveys (Nulty, 2008). ...
Open Science becomes the basic concept in organizing and conducting the research and development process. The opening of the process of research and communication of science is supported and promoted both at the international level and at the national level in many countries through science policies and actions. At present, no Open Science policy is approved at the national level in the Republic of Moldova, but there are actions, undertaken by various organizations or within some projects, that promote this concept. And recently, the national authority in the field of science policy has been concerned about the promotion of Open Science principles in the country. Policy development and implementation of Open Science principles is difficult without involving all stakeholders and without knowledge of the current situation, both in terms of technical and legislative issues, and especially in terms of awareness of the need and willingness of people to contribute to this process. In this context, we set out to carry out this study, taking into account the insufficient level of debates and analyzes on Open Science subject carried out in the Republic of Moldova. Its purpose is to determine the attitude, the level of awareness and involvement in issues related to Open Science and its elements in the Republic of Moldova, which will serve to develop Open Science policies and instruments at national and institutional levels.
... The amount of responded questionnaires were about 153 out of 380 which represents a 40.3% response rate. There is currently no consensus on the acceptable level of response rate for a survey (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021) but an ideal range should be somewhere between 40% t0 75% amongst all field researches (Reinisch et al., 2016;Story & Tait, 2019) thus the response rate for this study can be considered as acceptable. The results were tabulated and ranked accordingly with their ranking based on the mean value except for the first section whereby it only displays the respondent's background information. ...
Industry 4.0 (IR 4.0) is becoming a trend in a plethora of sectors despite being used for the manufacturing industry. The concept has even attracted the attention of the construction sector yet despite that, the construction industry still favours conservative technology and is reluctant in incorporating new concepts into their practices. In order to adopt this concept for the construction industry, the main focuses should be placed upon the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) since they act as a critical part in influencing the economy. Thus, the objectives of this paper are to determine the challenges faced by SMEs in adopting IR 4.0 in the Malaysian construction industry, propose the enablers of IR 4.0 for the Malaysian construction industry, investigate the readiness of SMEs in the Malaysian construction industry and identify the methods to successfully implement IR 4.0 for the construction SMEs. This study employed a survey questionnaire distributed amongst 380 local contractors and consultants around the Klang Valley and the collected data shall be analysed for descriptive statistics. The survey questionnaire had a 40.3% response rate and the results indicates that the main challenges in utilizing the IR 4.0 concept for the SMEs were the lack of financial resources, absence of a process change strategy and low experiences in utilizing skilled applications and technologies. The common enablers of IR 4.0 in the construction industry agreed by the respondents in the questionnaire were Building Information Modelling (BIM), modularization or prefabrication and augmented, virtual or mixed reality (AR/VR/MR). The readiness of the SMEs in implementing IR 4.0 were high in the aspects of modelling and simulation, prefabrication and having good access to internet. They agreed that having a regulatory framework and roadmaps for IR 4.0 adoption, doing necessary trainings to upskill and reskill, and strengthen the workforces’ knowledge in regards to IR 4.0 were one of the ways to improve the success for implementing IR 4.0. The results from this research will help to produce a robust framework later to hasten the adoption of IR 4.0 for the SMEs in the construction sector.
... As such there was no criteria excluding any RN employed at the hospital from participation in this study. Five hundred seventy-six participants were required for a 50% response rate (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021 ...
Aim
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between stress, psychological symptoms and job satisfaction among frontline nursing staff at a military hospital in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design
Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Methods
Data were collected using an online survey. All Registered Nurses (N = 1,225) working at a military hospital between February to April 2021 were contacted, 625 responded (51%). Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate analysis, Student's t-test for independent samples and one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests.
Results
Stress was experienced more significantly than depression or anxiety. Approximately 29% of the change in scores for psychological symptoms was explained by age group, being a Saudi national and working in emergency departments (F[3,620] = 19.063, p < 0.0001). A 37% change in nursing stress scores was explained by nationality and work department. (F[5,618] = 19.754, p < 0.0001). A 29% change in job satisfaction scores was explained by nationality and work department (F[3,620] = 19.063, p < 0.0001).
... On the contrary, Hendra and Hill (2019) found that extending the data collection window to achieve a larger sample yields other problems such as the expense in extending the study for a response rate that does not further enhance the study. Other researchers note no established standard about the reasonable response rates across different academic disciplines (Sataloff & Vontela, 2021). Bennett et al. (2011) analyzed top journals representing 33 specialties to find that acceptable response rates have been as high as 75% to not being reported. ...
With gendered organization theory and n = 201 Historically Black Colleges and Universities women faculty, the following is addressed: RQ1 Which Historically Black Colleges and University women faculty, those at schools with or without an anti-bullying policy, are more likely to report workplace bullying? RQ2 What is the relationship between workplace bullying intensity and time spent strategizing against bullying, health problems, and organizational distrust for Historically Black Colleges and University women faculty? RQ3 How does workplace bullying affect the experiences of Historically Black Colleges and University women faculty? The mixed methods findings confirm the need for preventative structural changes policies to empower women.
... Daily problems among older people and staff during the pandemic may have also contributed to the low availability of participants [15,16]. Furthermore, cut-off points for response rates are not recommended in rapidly developing scenarios, such as the one experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, since studies with small samples may also contain important findings to direct further research [18]. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for society, especially for those residing in long-term care facilities (LTCF). This study aimed to describe rates of infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19 among older people and staff of LTCF in Minas Gerais (Brazil) and identify strategies to prevent and control the disease spread. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 164 LTCF (6,017 older people). Among the studied LTCF, 48.7% confirmed COVID-19 infection in older people, resulting in 39.6% hospitalization and 32.3% death among infected. Moreover, 68.9% of LTCF confirmed COVID-19 infection in the staff, with 7.3% hospitalization and 1.2% death. Preventive measures were identified and classified as organizational, infrastructure, hygiene items and personal protective equipment, and staff training against COVID-19. These measures showed strategies and barriers experienced in the daily routine of LTCF during the pandemic. LTCF in Brazil experienced challenges similar to observed worldwide. Results highlighted the importance of continuity and improvement of protective measures for older people in LTCF, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Purpose
The Mid Sweden Cohort (MSC) was established to investigate self-perceived oral and general health among two groups of aging individuals in two counties (Örebro and Östergötland) in Sweden. For internal and external data validation, we linked collected data on health status, behavior, sociodemographic circumstances, and dependency with national register data from Statistics Sweden and compared non-respondents and those lost to follow-up to respondents.
Participants
MSC is based on a longitudinal multiwave study of aging men and women who answered a cross-sectional questionnaire from MSC: (1) the 1992 cohort including participants aged 50 years in 1992 and (2) the 2007 cohort including participants aged 75 years in 2007. After the baseline surveys, data collection was conducted every 5 years, with the latest wave from 2017 included in our validation. Between 1992 and 2017, 8,879 participants were included in cohort 1, while 5,191 individuals were included in cohort 2 between 2007 and 2017.
Results
After linking self-reported data with national register-based data and analyzing loss to follow-up and non-response numbers, we found that, besides age, factors such as being male, having immigrant status, lower income and education level, being single, and being in poor health were predictors of non-response and loss to follow-up, aligning with the findings of other studies. Based on our results, we conclude the MSC is reliable for further research, provided the observed bias is taken into account.
Future plans
Using the MSC, we aim to analyze self-reported oral health changes as a predictor of dependency in the elderly and track oral health status over time. Furthermore, we plan to link data with register-based clinical oral health records. We also intend to add the 2022 wave data and future waves into the existing dataset.
Given the demand for anatomy instruction, it is imperative to understand the current cohort of anatomy teachers. This study aimed to delineate the demographic characteristics, academic backgrounds, and professional responsibilities of United States (U.S.) anatomy teachers. A survey was sent to teachers who were identified by their professional membership profiles. Results from 654 responses indicated that 45% of respondents identified as female and 67% identified as white. Most (68%) respondents had an academic doctoral degree. On average, respondents had completed graduate coursework in approximately half of the traditional anatomical sciences subdisciplines. However, approximately 40% of respondents with graduate/professional teaching responsibilities lacked graduate coursework in histology, neuroanatomy, and/or embryology, while approximately 70% of respondents without graduate/professional teaching responsibilities lacked similar coursework. Survey participants reported an assigned time effort of 58% teaching, 16% research, 10% service, and 10% administration and a perceived time effort of 56% teaching, 13% research, 10% service, and 12% administration. Perceived and assigned time efforts were significantly different (p ≤ 0.04) for administrative, research, and teaching responsibilities. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.03) also existed amongst participants regarding assigned administrative and teaching time effort and perceived administrative, service, and teaching time effort. Given these findings, we are concerned about protected research time for and the subdiscipline education of anatomy teachers. As such, we provide potential solutions for increasing protected research time and pursuing additional subdiscipline education. We also speculate about the potential impact of the now decades‐long anatomy educator shortage on anatomy teacher responsibilities.
Background and Aims
With the increased use of telemedicine during the pandemic, understanding patients' attitudes and readiness to adopt telemedicine is crucial. This study investigates the attitudes, willingness, and usage behaviors of Iranian patients toward telemedicine.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study took place in Iran from October 2021 to January 2023. Participants received a web‐based questionnaire consisting of five sections. The study aimed to assess Iranians' attitudes toward telemedicine following the COVID‐19 pandemic and their readiness to utilize telemedicine services in the post‐pandemic period by analyzing the gathered data.
Results
A total of 569 Iranian patients participated in the questionnaire, resulting in a 95% response rate. While 80% of respondents were familiar with telemedicine terms, only 30% had utilized telemedicine services before the COVID‐19 outbreak. Overall, Iranians displayed positive attitudes toward telemedicine, with over two‐thirds expressing a strong willingness to continue using telemedicine post‐pandemic. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between higher e‐health literacy scores and favorable attitudes toward telemedicine. Additionally, a significant relationship was observed between having a positive attitude toward telemedicine and prior usage of telemedicine services before the pandemic.
Conclusion
The findings indicated a positive attitude toward telemedicine among public patients. The results highlight a willingness to utilize remote medical services if the required infrastructure is in place to address trust issues among patients. These outcomes can be utilized to assess the feasibility of implementing telemedicine services in Iran.
Purpose
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of green residential properties. This phenomenon indicates that the demand for environmentally friendly residential properties is rising. However, the true reasons behind the growing interest and investment in green residential properties remain poorly understood. When it comes to residential properties, assessing these benefits becomes more challenging and complex, as it is crucial to understand the motivations to invest in green residential properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the component factors that motivate homebuyers to invest in green residential properties.
Design/methodology/approach
This research aims to address a research gap by identifying the component factors that motivate individuals to invest in green residential properties using a factor analysis approach. The authors gathered data by distributing an online questionnaire among 161 certified green residential owners in Selangor, Malaysia.
Findings
The results from the factor analysis revealed three components as the primary factors that motivate individuals to invest in green residential properties. The findings contribute significantly to the growing yet limited literature in this area of research.
Research limitations/implications
This research, however, set out to provide a context-specific motivation in Selangor as a limitation.
Originality/value
By understanding the motivations behind these investments, the research can encourage greater adoption of sustainable housing investment and guide developers and policymakers in offering better solutions for the green property market. The authors could facilitate informed decision-making and inspire positive change towards a future where sustainable housing becomes the norm.
The main thrust of this study was to determine the level of manifestation of autonomous learning process in relation to the level of English language autonomy of Grade 10 learners in Camp Vicente Lim Integrated School and to be assured that autonomous learning process and language autonomy is successfully implemented and developed most especially among the public school. The action plan for implementing autonomous learning process and improving the level of language autonomy was the output of the study.This study followed the descriptive-correlational method design. Through simple random sampling, the respondents were the 250 Grade 10 learners randomly picked from different sections. Validated researcher-made survey instruments were used for gathering of data. Using four-point Likert Scale and the simple mean, and Pearson-r correlation coefficient, findings revealed that autonomous learning process was highly manifested among Grade 10 learners and the learners’ level of language autonomy was also highly manifested. As regards the relationship between the manifestation of autonomous learning process and language autonomy, the result indicated a significant relationship.
Objectives: The COVID 19 pandemic has challenged society, especially residents of long term care facilities (LTCF). This study investigated rates of infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID 19 among LTCF residents and staff in Minas Gerais, Brazil and identified strategies to control the spread of the disease. Methods: This cross sectional study collected data from 164 LTCF (6017 older adults). The owners or managers were invited to answer an electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire included 55 items, divided into 3 sections. Results: Of the participating LTCF, 48.7%, 39.6%, and 32.3% reported COVID 19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, respectively, among residents, while 68.9%, 7.3%, and 1.2% reported COVID 19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, respectively, among staff. Preventive measures were identified and classified as organizational, infrastructural, hygiene items/personal protective equipment, and staff training. Conclusion: The strategies used in the daily routines of LTCF during the pandemic were classified. The challenges experienced in Brazilian facilities were similar to those observed worldwide. The results highlight the importance of continuity and the need to improve protective measures for LTCF residents, especially in low- and middle-income countries
Purpose
This long-term follow-up study aims to externally validate the inside-out technique for surgical treatment of preauricular sinuses.
Methods
We analyzed the medical records of all patients who underwent the IO procedure at University Hospitals Leuven from 1 November 2005 to 30 November 2019 (N = 110). We were able to contact 77 of these 110 patients for a telephone interview, where we used a standardized questionnaire to evaluate recurrence, patient satisfaction and aesthetic result.
Results
We studied 110 patients (68 males, 77 females), resulting in 145 PAS (35 left, 40 right, 35 bilateral), with a median follow-up of 53 months. Fifteen PAS (10.3%) developed an early (< 4 weeks) postoperative complication (wound dehiscence, infection, abcedation, swelling). Two PAS (2 different patients) needed revision surgery because of recurrence, one after 15 months, the other after 4 years. The 5-year Kaplan–Meier recurrence-free percentage was 97.7%, equating to an estimated recurrence rate of 2.3%. Ninety-four percent was satisfied with the aesthetic result, giving 4 or 5 points on a 5-point Likert scale.
Conclusions
This study was able to externally validate the IO technique for the treatment of PAS. The IO technique should be first choice, since it guarantees low recurrence rates, excellent aesthetic results, and good patient satisfaction.
Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to validate the Korean version of Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs (CaSUN) scale among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survivors.
Materials and methods:
Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, from January to October 2020. Participants completed a survey questionnaire that included the CaSUN. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA, CFA) and Pearson's correlations were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the CaSUN-K. We also tested known-group validity using an independent t-test or ANOVA.
Results:
In total, 949 provided informed consent and all of which completed the questionnaire. Among the 949 patients, 529 (55.7%) were male; the mean age and median time since the end of active treatment (SD) was 63.4 (8.7) years and the median was 18 months. Although the factor loadings were different from those for the original scale, the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the 6 domains in the CaSUN-K ranged from 0.68 to 0.95, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. In the CFA, the goodness-of-fit indices for the CaSUN-K were high. Moderate correlations demonstrated the convergent validity of CaSUN-K with the relevant questionnaire. More than 60% of the participants reported information-related unmet needs, and the CaSUN-K discriminated between the needs reported by the different subgroups that we analyzed.
Conclusion:
The CaSUN-K is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the unmet needs in a cancer population, thus this tool help population to receive timely, targeted, and relevant care.
Objectives
Response rates to health‐related surveys are declining. This study tested two strategies to improve the response rate to a health psychology survey mailed through English general practices: (1) sending a shortened questionnaire and (2) offering a monetary incentive to return a completed questionnaire.
Design
Randomized controlled trial.
Methods
Adults (n = 4,241) aged 45–59 years, from four General Practices in South‐East England, were mailed a survey on attitudes towards bowel cancer screening. Using a 2 × 4 factorial design, participants were randomized to receive a ‘short’ (four A4 pages) or a ‘long’ (seven A4 pages) questionnaire, and one of four monetary incentives to return a completed questionnaire – (1) no monetary incentive, (2) £2.50 shop voucher, (3) £5.00 shop voucher, and (4) inclusion in a £250 shop voucher prize draw. Age, gender, and area‐level deprivation were obtained from the General Practices.
Results
The overall response rate was 41% (n = 1,589). Response to the ‘short’ questionnaire (42%) was not significantly different from the ‘long’ questionnaire (40%). The £2.50 incentive (43%) significantly improved response rates in univariate analyses, and remained significant after controlling for age, gender, area‐level deprivation, and questionnaire length. The £5.00 (42%) and £250 prize draw (41%) incentives had no significant impact on response rates compared to no incentive (38%).
Conclusions
A small monetary incentive (£2.50) may slightly increase response to a mailed health psychology survey. The length of the questionnaire (four pages vs. seven pages) did not influence response. Although frequently used, entry into a prize draw did not increase response. Achieving representative samples remains a challenge for health psychology.
Statement of contribution
What is already known on this subject
Response rates to mailed questionnaires continue to decline, threatening the representativeness of data.
Prize draw incentives are frequently used but there is little evidence to support their efficacy.
Research on interactions between incentives, questionnaire length, and demographics is lacking.
What does this study add
Contrary to previous findings, questionnaire length did not influence response rate.
A £2.50 incentive increased response, while incentives of £5.00 and a £250 prize draw did not.
Achieving representative samples to questionnaires remains a challenge for health psychology.
Research needs to be reported transparently so readers can critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the design, conduct, and analysis of studies. Reporting guidelines have been developed to inform reporting for a variety of study designs. The objective of this study was to identify whether there is a need to develop a reporting guideline for survey research.
We conducted a three-part project: (1) a systematic review of the literature (including "Instructions to Authors" from the top five journals of 33 medical specialties and top 15 general and internal medicine journals) to identify guidance for reporting survey research; (2) a systematic review of evidence on the quality of reporting of surveys; and (3) a review of reporting of key quality criteria for survey research in 117 recently published reports of self-administered surveys. Fewer than 7% of medical journals (n = 165) provided guidance to authors on survey research despite a majority having published survey-based studies in recent years. We identified four published checklists for conducting or reporting survey research, none of which were validated. We identified eight previous reviews of survey reporting quality, which focused on issues of non-response and accessibility of questionnaires. Our own review of 117 published survey studies revealed that many items were poorly reported: few studies provided the survey or core questions (35%), reported the validity or reliability of the instrument (19%), defined the response rate (25%), discussed the representativeness of the sample (11%), or identified how missing data were handled (11%).
There is limited guidance and no consensus regarding the optimal reporting of survey research. The majority of key reporting criteria are poorly reported in peer-reviewed survey research articles. Our findings highlight the need for clear and consistent reporting guidelines specific to survey research.
Background:
The generalizability of data derived from patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) depends largely on the proportion of the relevant population that completes PROM surveys. However, PROM survey responses remain low, despite efforts to increase participation. Social incentives, such as the offer to make a charitable donation on behalf of the survey respondent, have generally not been effective where online surveys are concerned, but this has not been extensively tested in medicine.
Questions/purposes:
(1) Do personalized social incentives increase response rates or response completeness for postoperative PROM surveys in an orthopaedic population? (2) Are there demographic factors associated with response and nonresponse to postoperative PROM surveys? (3) Are some demographic factors associated with increased response to social incentive offers?
Methods:
Participants were selected from an institutional orthopaedics database. Patients were older than 18 years, had an email address on file, and had undergone one of the following procedures 1 to 2 years ago: Achilles tendon repair, ACL reconstruction, meniscectomy, hip arthroscopy, TKA, or THA. Of 4685 eligible patients, 3000 (64%) were randomly selected for inclusion in the study. Participants were randomized to one of four groups: (1) control: no incentive (n = 750); (2) patient donation: offer of a USD 5 donation to provide medical supplies to a pediatric orthopaedic patient (n = 751); (3) research donation: offer of a USD 5 donation to a procedure-specific research program (n = 749); or (4) explanation: explanation that response supports quality improvement (n = 750). The four groups did not differ regarding patient age, gender, race, procedure type, or time since procedure. All patients were sent an email invitation with the same PROM survey link. The proportion of patients who responded (defined here as the response rate) was measured at 4 weeks and compared between intervention groups. We used a logistic regression analysis to identify demographic factors associated with response while controlling for confounding variables and performed subgroup analyses to determine any demographic factors associated with increased response to social incentives.
Results:
There was no difference in the overall response rate (research donation: 49% [353 of 725], patient donation: 45% [333 of 734], control: 45% [322 of 723], explanation: 44% [314 of 719]; p = 0.239) or response completeness (research donation: 89% [315 of 353], patient donation: 90% [301 of 333], control: 89% [287 of 322], explanation: 87% [274 of 314]; p = 0.647) between the four groups. Women (odds ratio [OR], 1.175; p = 0.042), older patients (< 58 years: OR, 1.016 per 1-year increase; p = 0.001; 58-64 years: OR, 1.023 per 1-year increase; p < 0.001; > 64 years: OR, 1.021 per 1-year increase; p < 0.001), and white patients (OR 2.034 compared with black patients, p < 0.001) were slightly more likely to respond, after controlling for potential confounding variables such as gender, age, race, and procedure type. In subgroup analyses, men (research donation: 49% [155 of 316], patient donation: 45% [146 of 328], control: 40% [130 of 325], explanation: 39% [127 of 325]; p = 0.041) and patients younger than 58 years (research donation: 40% [140 of 351], control: 35% [130 of 371], patient donation: 32% [113 of 357], explanation: 27% [93 of 340]; p = 0.004) were slightly more likely to respond to the research donation than those with other interventions were.
Conclusions:
Despite small effects in specific subgroups, personalized social incentives did not increase the overall response to postoperative orthopaedic surveys. Novel and targeted strategies will be necessary to reach response thresholds that enable healthcare stakeholders to use PROMs effectively.
Level of evidence:
Level I, therapeutic study.
Surveys provide evidence on practice, attitudes, and knowledge. However, conducting good survey research is harder than it looks. The authors aim to provide guidance to both researchers and readers in conducting and interpreting survey research. Like all research, surveys should have clear research question(s) using the smallest possible number of high-quality, essential, survey questions (items) that will interest the target population. Both researchers and readers should put themselves in the position of the respondents. The survey questions should provide reproducible results (reliable), measure what they are supposed to measure (valid), and take less than 10 min to answer. Good survey research reports provide results with valid and reliable answers to the research question with an adequate response rate (at least 40%) and adequate precision (margin of error ideally 5% or less). Possible biases among those who did not respond (nonresponders) must be carefully analyzed and discussed. Quantitative results can be combined with qualitative results in mixed-methods research to provide greater insight.
Background::
Federally funded evaluation research projects typically strive for an 80% survey response rate, but the increasing difficulty and expense in reaching survey respondents raises the question of whether such a threshold is necessary for reducing bias and increasing the accuracy of survey estimates.
Objectives::
This analysis focuses on a particular component of survey methodology: the survey response rate and its relationship to nonresponse bias. Following a review of the literature, new analysis of data from a large, multisite random assignment experiment explores the relationship between survey response rates and measured nonresponse bias.
Research design::
With detailed survey disposition data, the analysis simulates nonresponse bias at lower response rates. The subjects included 12,000 individuals who were fielded for 16 identical surveys as part of the Employment Retention and Advancement evaluation.
Results::
The results suggest scant relationship between survey nonresponse bias and response rates. The results also indicate that the pursuit of high response rates lengthens the fielding period, which can create other measurement problems.
Conclusions::
The costly pursuit of a high response rate may offer little or no reduction of nonresponse bias. Achieving such a high rate of response requires considerable financial resources that might be better applied to methods and techniques shown to have a greater effect on the reduction of nonresponse bias.
A major challenge with surveying physicians is low response. In this article, we present results of an experiment conducted to determine the optimal monetary incentive amount for gaining response from physicians to a short screener survey. Sampled physicians were randomly assigned to three prepaid cash incentive conditions (US5, US0). This study found using any incentive increased response versus no incentive. The US2 incentive group. However, we did not find a statistical difference between the 10 incentives or between the US5 incentives. In addition, any incentive amount increased the likelihood of early response compared to no incentive. This study builds on previously mixed results about the effects of various incentive amounts and effect on early survey response. These findings provide practical advice for researchers surveying physicians.
Millions of Americans are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), with rates of HPV-positive head and neck cancer (HNC) expected to surpass cervical cancer by 2020.¹ Nevertheless, most adults are not aware of associations between HPV and HNC.² Although debate surrounds HPV vaccine efficacy against these cancers, one trial demonstrated that the vaccine prevents 93.3% of prevalent oral HPV infections.³ This has the potential to reduce HNC burden if paired with high vaccine uptake, but only 60% of US teens have initiated the HPV series.⁴ Strong recommendations for vaccination are linked to increased HPV vaccine uptake⁵,6; thus, physicians must be educated about the association between HPV and HNC. Studies suggest that only 47% of pediatricians routinely discuss HPV-positive HNC owing to a self-reported lack of knowledge.⁷ It becomes imperative to examine how we are training our next generation of physicians regarding this epidemic. We examined knowledge about HPV-positive cancer among New York State medical students to determine whether there is an educational gap in HNC knowledge.
This paper introduces the special section “Cultural differences in questionnaire responding” and discusses central topics in the research on response biases in cross-cultural survey research. Based on current conceptions of acquiescent, extreme, and socially desirable responding, the author considers current data on the correlated nature of response biases and the conditions under which different response styles they emerge. Based on evidence relating different response styles to the cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism, the paper explores how research presented as part of this special section might help resolves some tensions in this literature. The paper concludes by arguing that response styles should not be treated merely as measurement error, but as cultural behaviors in themselves.
Robust response rates are essential for effective survey-based strategies. Researchers can improve survey validity by addressing both response rates and nonresponse bias. In this AMEE Guide, we explain response rate calculations and discuss methods for improving response rates to surveys as a whole (unit nonresponse) and to questions within a survey (item nonresponse). Finally, we introduce the concept of nonresponse bias and provide simple methods to measure it.
Introduction:
Web-based surveys save time and money. As electronic questionnaires have increased in popularity, telephone and mailed surveys have declined. With any survey, a response rate of 75% or greater is critical for the validity of any study. We wanted to determine which survey method achieved the highest response among academic plastic surgeons.
Methods:
All American Association of Plastic Surgeons members were surveyed regarding authorship issues. They were randomly assigned to receive the questionnaire through 1 of 4 methods: (A) emailed with a link to an online survey; (B) regular mail; (C) regular mail + 5 bill. Two weeks after the initial mailing, the number of responses was collected, and nonresponders were contacted to remind them to participate. The study was closed after 10 weeks. Survey costs were calculated based on the actual cost of sending the initial survey, including stationary, printing, postage (groups B-D), labor, and cost of any financial incentives. Cost of reminders to nonresponders was calculated at 1 bill represented the greatest value and cost-effective survey method, based on cost per response.
We evaluated survey response factors (particularly initial nonresponse and survey mode) that may be associated with bias in survey research.
We examined prevention-related beliefs and outcomes for initial mail survey responders (n = 209), follow-up mail survey responders (n = 78), and follow-up telephone survey responders (n = 74). The Pearson chi-square test and analysis of variance identified beliefs and behavioral outcomes associated with survey response mode.
Follow-up options to the initial mail survey improved response rates (22.0-38.0 percent). Initial mail survey responders more strongly believed topical fluoride protects teeth from cavities than others (P = 0.04). A significantly larger proportion of parents completing a follow-up telephone survey (30.8 percent) refused topical fluoride for their child than those completing mail surveys (10.3-10.4 percent) (P < 0.0001).
Multiple mode surveys with follow-up improve response rates. Initial nonresponse and survey response mode may be associated with biases in survey research.
© 2015 American Association of Public Health Dentistry.
Importance
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is responsible for substantial morbidity, mortality, and cost in the United States. Early detection and lifestyle risk factors associated with HNC, both determinants of disease burden and outcomes, are interrelated with public knowledge of this disease. Understanding of current public knowledge of HNC is lacking.Objective
To assess awareness and knowledge of HNC among US adults.Design, Setting, and Participants
Online survey of 2126 randomly selected adults in the United States conducted in 2013.Interventions
Online survey administration.Main Outcomes and Measures
Subjective and objective assessment of knowledge of HNC including symptoms, risk factors, and association with the human papillomavirus.Results
Self-reported respondent knowledge of HNC was low, with 66.0% reporting that they were “not very” or “not at all” knowledgeable. This did not vary significantly with tobacco use (P = .92), education (P = .053), sex (P = .07), or race (P = .02). Regarding sites comprising HNC, 22.1% of respondents correctly identified throat cancer, 15.3% mouth cancer, and 2.0% cancer of the larynx, with 21.0% incorrectly identifying brain cancer as HNC. Regarding symptoms, 14.9% of respondents identified “red or white sores that do not heal,” 5.2% “sore throat,” 1.3% “swelling or lump in the throat,” and 0.5% “bleeding in the mouth or throat.” Smoking and chewing or spitting tobacco were identified by 54.5% and 32.7% of respondents as risk factors for mouth and throat cancer, respectively. Only 0.8% of respondents identified human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as a risk factor for mouth and throat cancer, but specific questioning revealed that 12.8% were aware of the association between HPV infection and throat cancer whereas 70.0% of respondents were aware of the vaccine targeting HPV.Conclusions and Relevance
Self-reported and objective measures indicate that few American adults know much about HNC including risk factors such as tobacco use and HPV infection and common symptoms. Strategies to improve public awareness and knowledge of signs, symptoms, and risk factors may decrease the disease burden of HNC and are important topics for future research.
Mailout survey studies are becoming more prevalent in the head and neck literature. The objective of this paper is to summarize response rates in patients with head and neck cancer, and to provide recommendations surrounding methodology used to design and implement mailout survey questionnaires.
The results of this paper are from a study assessing the measurement properties of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) in head and neck cancer patients. A modified Dillman tailored design approach was used.
The methods used yielded a response rate of 80% with this patient population.
This is a considerably higher response rate than other reports in the oncology literature.
y of current practices, attitudes, and knowledge regarding human papillomavirus-related cancers and vaccines among head and neck surgeons
- Malloy
methods and response rates among rural community dwelling older adults
- Edelman