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International
Cereal
Nematodes
Symposium
th
National Agricultural Science Complex
Pusa Campus New Delhi- India
rd th
- November,
ABSTRACT BOOK
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium
rd th
November 3 to 6 , 2019
National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NAS Complex
New Delhi- 110012 (INDIA)
Edited by:
Uma Rao
Abdel Fattah. Dababat
Vishal S. Somvanshi
T. K. Dutta
Rashid Pervez
T
M
RESEARCH
PROGRAM ON
WHEAT
Contents
Preface
Program
Session 2 The economic importance and population dynamics of cereal
nematodes
19-25
Session 1 Distribution of cereal nematodes : Global status
1-18
Session 4 Management strategies for cereal nematodes other than host
resistance
39-60
Session 5 Use of molecular tools for research with cereal nematodes
(such as pathogen diagnostics, phylogeny studies and host
resistance)
61-68
Session 6 cereal nematodes genomes and parasitism genes 69-73
Session 3 Management strategies for cereal nematodes using host
resistance
27-38
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
PREFACE
Cereals are the staple food of two-third of global population and thus, occupy the major
share of global agricultural production. Plant-parasitic nematodes such as cereal nematodes (CN:
Meloidogyne graminicola, Heterodera avenae, Pratylenchus sp.) are emerging as one of the major
threat to global production of rice, wheat, barley, maize etc. These parasitic nematodes are
increasingly becoming difficult to manage due to changing climate and input-intensive agricultural
practices, and unavailability of synthetic nematicides. This necessitates innovations and as well as
adoption of environmentally-benign nematode management practices with the aim to produce
nematode-free crops for the burgeoning population.
The International Cereal Nematodes Symposium (ICNS) is an extension to the
International Cereal Nematode Initiative (ICNI) that was established in 2006. It aims to create a
critical mass of scientific capacity and skills to deliver sustainable solutions by working at both the
practical and theoretical level. It was initially founded as the International Cereal Cyst Nematode
Initiative (ICCNI) and later expanded to include all-important genera of CNs. Within the
framework of the ICWIP (ICARDA CIMMYT Wheat Improvement Program) which relates to
wheat improvement research in Central Asia, West Asia and North Africa, CIMMYT and the
Turkish Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock in collaboration with ICARDA and our
National Program partners from developing countries and several research institutions in Australia
and Europe have undertaken research over the last 12 yearsto understand the importance and
distribution of CNs, investigate potential control options with a major emphasis on host resistance
and provide training for scientists from developing countries. After the immensely successful past
th
meetings, the 7 meeting in the series is being held as an International Symposium on Cereal
Nematodes at NASC complex, New Delhi. The organizing agencies for the present symposium are
Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi; CIMMYT
India, NASC Complex and Borlaug Institute for South Asia, NASC Complex.
The current abstract book is a unique compilation of findings presented by researchers (28
foreign participants; 26 Indian participants) working on CNs. It contains 33oral and 37 poster
presentations encompassing six identified technical sessions, e.g. Distribution of CN: global status,
the economic importance and population dynamics of CN, management strategies for CN using
host resistance, management strategies for CN other than host resistance, use of molecular tools for
research with CN and CN genomes and parasitism genes. The diversity of presentations on the
various aspects of the symposium will be of great utility to the diverse participants and readers
representing different locations of the world. The research findings presented by scientists and
scholars from different countries in the current symposium will definitely enrich our understanding
for future research and education on CNs. Information exchanged among the global researchers on
CNs in the present symposium will be an ideal platform to lay out future roadmaps for managing
these important groups of nematodes in cereal crops.
Uma Rao
A. A. Dababat
Vishal S. Somvanshi
Tushar K. Dutta
Rashid Pervez
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
7th International Cereal Nematodes Symposium
November 3rd to 6th, 2019
Venue
National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Committee Room No. II, NAS Complex,
DevPrakashShastri Marg, New Delhi 110012
November 3rd, 2019
Registration -
4:30 pm to 6:30 pm
Mixer/reception dinner-
6:30 pm to 9:00 pm
November 4th, 2019
Inauguration –
9:30 am to 11:30 am
1. Welcome address -
Dr. Uma Rao
2. History of Cereal Nematode Symposiums –
Dr Abdelfattah A. Dababat / Dr Fatih
Özdemir
3. CIMMYT-
Dr. Arun Joshi
4. Chief Guest’s Inaugural Address - Dr.Trilochan Mahapatra, DG, ICAR
5. Chairperson’s remarks-
Dr. A. K. Singh,Director,
IARI
6. Release of Abstract Book
7. Vote of thanks
-
Dr. Vishal Somvanshi
High Tea-
11:30 am to 12:00 pm
Session 1. Distribution of CN: Global status. 12:00 noon to 1:35
pm.
S.
No. Time
Title
Presenter
1. 12:00-
12.20 pm
Global efforts to mitigate the losses due to
biotic stresses in wheat.
Arun Joshi,
CIMMYT-BISA, New
Delhi.
2. 12:20-12:35
pm
Current status of the cereal cyst nematodes
and root lesion nematodes in morocco.
Fouad Mokrini,
Morocco
3. 12:35-12:50 pm
An update of the predominant nematode
pests of cereal and leguminous crops in
South Africa
Hendrika Fourie,
South Africa
4. 12:50-1:05 pm Status of cereal cyst nematode in India Gautam Chawla,
India
5. 1:05 pm-1:20
pm
Morphological and molecular identification
of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera spp.)
isolates from Algeria and their phylogenetic
relationships with other populations from
different geographical areas in Algeria.
Mehlaine Khawla,
Algeria
PROGRAM
6. 1:20 pm – 1:35
pm
Biogeography and molecular species
delimitation of Pratylenchus capsici n. sp. a
new root-lesion nematode in Israel on pepper
(Capsicum annuum)
Sigal Braun Miara,
Israel
Lunch: 1:35
pm to 2:30 pm
S.
No. Time
Title
Presenter
12:30-2:50 pm Molecular breeding of wheat for disease
resistance
G. P. Singh, Director,
IIWBR, Karnal, India
22:50-
3:10
pm
economic impact of root lesion
nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) on
Australian wheat production.
Grant J. Hollaway,
Australia
33:10-3:25 pm
Regression Analysis of the initial
populations of Heterodera filipjevi and
grain yield reduction in three wheat
cultivars under normal irrigation and
drought stress in field conditions.
Hadi Karimipour
Fard, Iran
43:25-3:40 pm
The effect of storage temperature on
hatching of Heterodera latipons. Mustafa Imren,
Turkey
53:40-3:55 pm
Interpolation studies of distribution of
Heterodera filipjevi in wheat fields by
geographic information system and
relationships of some climatic factors with
population density in isfahan province,
iran.
Zahra Tanha Maa,
Iran
Tea break: 4:00 pm to 4:30 pm
Session 3. Management strategies for CN using host resistance 4:30 pm to 6:00 pm
S.
No. Time Title
Presenter
Molecular breeding of rice for disease
resistance
Dr A. K. Singh, Joint
Director (Research),
IARI, India
association analysis for aesistance to
cereal cyst nematodes and root lesion
nematodes in a panel of durum wheat
lines.
Hakan O¨ zkan,
Turkey
4:30-4:50 pm
4:50-5:05 pm
1
2
Session 2.The economic importance and population dynamics of CN. 2:30 pm to 4:00 pm
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
3 5:05-5:20 pm
Exploring the genetic diversity of resistance
to root- lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus
thornei and
P.
neglectus) in wheat.
Rebecca Zwart,
Australia
4
5:20-5:35 pm
Screenings methods to assess the resistance
in wheat against cereal nematodes
(Pratylenchus
spp. and Heterodera
spp.).
Halil Toktay, Turkey
55:35-5:45 pm Response of selected wheat cultivars against
Heterodera avenae
and
Meloidogyne graminicola
Divya Singh, India
November 5th, 2019
Session 4.Management strategies for CN other than host resistance. 9:00 am to 11:00 am.
S.
No. Time Title
Presenter
The science of nematode management: an
analysis of past, present and future
technological developments in a world in
transition.
Richard A. Sikora,
Germany
An overview of nematode management
approaches in India
Dr P Chakraborty,
Member, ASRB, India
Effect of fluopyram and oxamyl at different
application times on the cereal cyst
nematode, Heterodera avenae
under
greenhouse conditions using natural and
man-made inoculation.
Saad L. Hafez, USA
Poster Session 4.30pm to 6.30pm
Management of cereal nematodes: A
journey from lab to land
Pankaj, India
Searching for rhizosphere microorganisms
associated with a maize -based cropping
systems to combat Meloidogyne and
Pratylenchus
Gerhard Engelbrecht,
South Africa
The potential of cyst nematodes: inhabiting
endophytic nematode antagonistic fungi
Samad Ashra,
Germany
Regulation of resistant Cre gene in
interaction with the cereal cyst nematode,
Heterodera filipjevi.
Mehdi Nasr Esfahani
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9:00-9:20 am
9:20-9:40 am
9:40-9:55 am
9:55-10:10 am
10:10-10:25 am
10:25-10:35 am
10:35-10:50 am
10:50 -11:00 am Media with the different utility to grow
Catenaria anguillulae Sorokin : a facultative
endoparasite of nematodes.
S.S. Vaish
Tea break: 11:00 am to 11:30 am
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Session 5.Use of molecular tools for research with CN (such as pathogen diagnostics,
phylogeny studies and host resistance) 11:30 am to 1:00 pm
S.
No. Time Title Presenter
11:30-11:45 am A genome -wide association mapping study
reveals QTL hotspots in chromosome 2 and
4 of Oryza sativa conferring Meloidogyne
graminicola
resistance.
Tushar K. Dutta,
India
11:45-12:00
noon
Specific CaM gene expression in response
to co -occurrence of soil borne diseases and
drought stress in wheat.
Mahin Ahmadi, Iran
12:00-12:15 pm
Identification of QTLs associated with
resistance to Heterodera filipjevi by
association mapping in bread wheat
landraces.
Zahra Majd Taheri,
Iran
12:15-12:25 pm
Host delivered RNAi of neuromotor
functional genes mg-flp-1
and mg-flp -12
in
Oryza sativa
L. against Meloidogyne
graminicola
Alkesh Hada, India
1
2
3
4
512:25-12:35 pm
Identification, molecular characterization
and functional validation of Meloidogyne
graminicola effectors
Manoranjan Dash,
India
Lunch: 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm
Session 6.CN genomes and parasitism genes
–2:00 pm 3:30 pm.
S.
No. Time Title
Presenter
2:00-2:20 pm
Sequencing wheat genome for disease
resistance
Kuldeep Singh,
Director, NBPGR
2:20-2:40 pm
Host delivered RNAi of selected genes of
Heterodera avenae
infecting wheat
Uma Rao, India
2:40-2:55 pm Announcement of draft genome of the seed
gall nematode, Anguinatritici.
Anil Sirohi, India
1
2
3
42:55-3:10 pm Improvement of rice root -knot nematode
Meloidogyne graminicola draft genome.
Vishal Singh
Somvanshi, India
Visit to IARI- 3 to 4:30 pm
Tea- 4:30 pm
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Poster Session 4:30 pm to 6:30 pm
(Posters to be put up on 4th November 2019. Evaluations would be done during above
time).
1. Distribution of rice - root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in the district, Ri -
Bhoi, Meghalaya. P. Balasubramanian and N. Premaradhya
2. Spatial distribution and risk area identification of rice root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne
graminicola) at Dumka district of Jharkhand, India. Sandip Mondal , Matiyar Rahaman
Khan, Abhishek Mukherjee
3. Distribution of Meloidogyne graminicola
in Gujarat. Tulika Singh , A. D. Patel, Anjana
Prajapati and B. A. Patel
4. Study on plant parasitic nematod es associated with nursery of different species of
bamboo seedlings and their effect on performance of their growth. B. ArunKumar and P.
Balasubramanian
5. Incidence of rice root -knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola
in Himach al Pradesh,
Sharmishtha Thakur
and Pawan Kumar Sharma
6. Screening genotypes against white tip nematode of rice, Aphelenchoides besseyi for
identifying res istance and detection of root -knot nematode of rice, Meloidogyne
graminicola bio race for breeding for resistance. P. Balasubramanian and Mayank Rai
7. Screening of promising rice genotypes against Meloidogyne graminicola .Kranti, K. V.
V. S.
8. Determination of host range of rice root -knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola .
Swarnakumari. N, P. Kalaiarasan and K. Poornima
9. Evaluation of Eco -friendly approaches in manage ment of Cereal cyst nematode,
Heterodera avenae
in wheat. S. P. Bishnoi
10. Management of rice root -knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola infesting rice. N. G.
Ravichandra, T. R. Kavitha and C. P. Manjula
11. Management of rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) in transplanted rice.
Prakash Banakar
and Anil Kumar
12. Evaluation of chemical nematicide, Dazomet against rice root knot nematode,
Meloidogyne graminicola
in rice. P. Kalaiarasan, Swarnakumari. N and K. Poornima
13. Eco-friendly management of Meloidogyne graminicola in transplanted rice. Vinod
Kumar, Anil Kumar and R S Kanwar
14. Pluronic gel PF 127 for life cycle completion of Meloidogyne graminicola on
wheat.Divya Singh, Bhupal Hatzade, Vivek Kumar and Uma Rao.
15. Effect of in vitro RNAi silencing of key genes of Heterodera avenae singly and in
combination.Pradeep Papolu, Divya Singh, and Uma Rao.
16. Identification of Cereal Cyst Nematodes Heterodera avena group in some wheat fields of
Azerbaijan. Gulshan Abbasli, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Halil Toktay
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
17. Distribution of Cereal Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi) in Eastern
Washington State. Nuan Wen, Yvonne Manning-Thompson, Kimberly Garland-
Campbell and Timothy Paulitz
18. Morphological and molecular identification of cyst nematode species (Heterodera
spp.) in Algerian cereal fields. Djamel Smaha, Fouad Mokrini, Mustafa Imren, Aissa
Mokabli, Abdelfattah A. Dababat
19. Distribution of cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) in wheat and barley fields in
North-eastern regions of Syria. Fateh Toumi, Ghassan Hassan, Lieven Waeyenberge,
Nicole Viaene, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Julie Nico, Francis Ogbonnaya, Khaled Al-
Assas, Taissir Abou Al-Fadil and Maurice Moens.
20. A scenario about climate warming with drought and heat tolerant wheat lines resistance
against Cereal Cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi. Osameh Atiya, Abdelfattah A.
Dababat, Gul Erginbas-Orakci, Halil Toktay
21. Variation on susceptibility of wheat cultivar Sardari to root lesion nematodes,
Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus. Farhad Saeidi Naeini and F. Jahanshahi Afshar
22. The impact of low tillage and crop rotation patterns on population density of cereal
cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, and wheat yield in South-western of Iran. A. R.
Ahmadi,Z.Tanha Maafi, and Abdelfattah A. Dababat
23. The natural antagonists of Heterodera avenae under various conditions of cereal crops
in Algeria. D. Smaha, F. Mokrini, R. Daoudi-Assous, A. Adimi, A. Mokabli and
Abdelfattah A. Dababat
24. Efficacy of a Jordanian isolate of Fusarium equiseti on root knot nematode on wheat.
Gharam abu Galeel, Luma Al Banna, Nida salem, Sherene abu Zahra, and Adel Al
Abed.
25. Utilisation of untargeted metabolomics to assist research of nematicidal Bacillus
species for potential use in grain crops. G Engelbrecht, P J Jansen van Rensburg, H
Fourie and S Claassens
26. Occurrence and Distribution of Cereal Cyst Nematodes in Central Anatolian Region of
Turkey. G. Yatkın, Ş. Bayram, M. İmren, Abdelfattah A. Dababat
27. Evaluation of some Turkish wheat and barley varieties against the cyst nematode,
Heterodera latipons. Duman N, M. Imren M, Çiftçi V, Abdelfattah A. Dababat.
28. Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of Cereal Cyst Nematodes Using a protein-
coding gene. Refik Bozbuğa, Mustafa İmren*, Abdelfattah A. Dababat
29. Investigation of resistance to Pratylenchus penetrans and P. thornei in international
wheat lines and its durability when inoculated together with the cereal cyst nematode
Heterodera avenae, using qPCR for nematode quantification. Fouad Mokrini, Nicole
Viaene, Lieven Waeyenberge, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Maurice Moens
30. Current Status of wheat plant parasitic nematodes in Souss-Massa region of Morocco.
Salah-Eddine Laasli, Fouad Mokrini, Abdelfattah A. Dababat
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
31.
An overview on the research of cereal cyst nematodes in Southwestern Iran. A. R.
Ahmadi
and Z. Tanha Maafi
32.
Frequency and diversity of plant -parasitic nematodes in wheat fields in Souss -Massa and
Tadla region of Morocco. Salah -Eddine Laasli, Fouad Mokrini , Mohamed Jadouali,
Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Aicha El Aissami
33.
A focused screening approach for isolation of new nematophagous fungi from nematode
eggs. Samad Ashra, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Wolfgang Maier
34.
Management of rice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola – a biological
approach. Debanand Das
and B. N. Choudhury
35.
Management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola infecting rice using
nematophagous fungus, Talaromyces pinophilus . Aaliya Taiyab , Rami Kassam,
Rajshekar R.P. and Uma Rao.
36. Presence of suberine in the endodermis layer of rice roots provides a protective barrier
against Meloidogynegraminicola infection. Divya Singh , Shiva Kumar, TN and Uma
Rao
37. Potential Nematode Pests of Cereal Crops in Jammu division of J&K. Rajan Salalia and
Raman Kumar Walia.
General Discussion and Symposium Closing: 6:30 pm – 7:30 pm
Conference Dinner: 7:30 pm Onwards.
November 6th, 2019: Excursion to Taj Mahal, Agra
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Session 1
Distribution of Cereal Nematodes: Global status
1
Page
Session 1
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Current Status of the Cereal Cyst Nematodes and Root Lesion
Nematodes in Morocco
*1 1,2 3
Fouad MOKRINI , Salah-Eddine LAASLI and Abdelfattah A. DABABAT
1National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Nematology Lab, Agadir, Morocco;
2Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Laboratory of Botany, Mycology and
Environment, Rabat, Morocco
3International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek,
Ankara, Turkey
The cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) (Heterodera spp.) and root lesion nematodes (RLN)
(Pratylenchus spp.) are widely distributed pests to implicate significant economic yield loss in
cereal crops worldwide. The first comprehensive investigation on cereal nematodes in
Morocco was established in 1984, revealing the distribution and occurrence of nematodes in
cereal growing areas of few regions. After that, several surveys have been done to identify the
impact of CCN and RLN. Five important RLN species (Pratylenchus penetrans, P. thornei, P.
pseudocoffeae, P. pinguicaudatus and P. crenatus) and two important CCN species
(Heterodera avenae and H. latipons) have been detected in different wheat infested
areas.Heterodera avenae was the most prevalent species, occurring in 13% of the fields with
population densities ranging from 6 to 155 cysts/100 g soil, and was associated with wheat in
the three regions where this nematode was found.Heterodera latipons was reported for the first
time in Sais region of Morocco, whereas Pratylenchusthornei, P. penetrans and P. crenatus
were found recently in Souss-Massa region as they were occurred in 71% of the field with a
maximum mobile stages density of 27 per 100 g of soil. In view of the estimates of nematode
densities obtained in surveys, we can assume that these nematode probably damage cereals in
many cases. Field studies on the population dynamics and the damage function are necessary to
estimate the economic impact of these nematodes on cereals. International collaboration,
mainly with CIMMYT, is needed to optimize the research of resistant lines against CCN and
RLN and to develop alternative approach for controlling them.
2
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S1-PP-01
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
An update of the predominant nematode pests of cereal and leguminous crops in
South Africa
H Fourie
North-West University, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Integrated Pest
Management, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
The staple food crop and an important livestock feed source in sub-Saharan countries, namely
maize, is parasitized by a range of plant-parasitic nematode pests. Three nematode surveys,
conducted in rain-fed and irrigation fields of producers during 2008, 2015 and 2018 were used
for nematode extraction, counting and identification using standard protocols. The abundance,
diversity and occurrence of nematodes were analysed by calculating the prominence values
(PV) for predominant genera. Correlations between PV of such genera and soil physical
factors, rainfall, cultivation practices and cropping systems were also obtained. The
predominant genera were Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus, followed by various other e.g.
Criconematidae, Dolichoridae, Hoplolaimidae, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae that occurred
to a lesser extent. Meloidogyne spp. characterised using the SCAR-PCR techniques contained
single and mixed populations with M.incognita being predominant,followed by M. javanica
and M. arenaria. During the 2015 survey M. enterolobii was added to the list; identified from
one field only and representing a first report for maize in the country. Meloidogyne spp.
generally had lower PV in fields with clay contents higher than 30% and also showed higher
PV in irrigated fields. Both agricultural practices and rotation sequences also had an impact on
the PV of Meloidogyne spp. This research indicated that polyphagous genera such as
Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus has the potential to reach high densities in maize-based
cropping systems and that the useful knowledge generated during this 11-year study is valuable
to assist producers in employing integrated nematode management strategies.
3
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S1-PP-02
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Status of Cereal cyst nematode in India
Gautam Chawla, Uma Rao and K K Kaushal
Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110012
The first cyst nematode reported from India was the Cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae
in the year 1958. It was time when India could not produce enough to feed its population and
had to import wheat from other countries. In 1960s Green revolution brought self sufficiency in
food and increased the contribution of Agriculture to Indian economy. This led to increase in
research funding for agriculture and establishment of separate department (Division of
Nematology) at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in the year 1966. H. avenae
problem remained after introduction of HYV during green revolution for these dwarf High
Yielding Varieties of wheat were also susceptible to the cereal cyst nematodes. H. avenae kept
spreading to new areas. Nematodes from H. avenae complex have been known to damage the
wheat crop in the states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Delhi. Besides these states the
nematode has also been reported from Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,
Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. H. filipjevi was found infecting wheat in Punjab and Himachal
Pradesh. Two biotypes of H. avenae were reported in 1979. Biotype II was later confirmed as
H. filipjevi. In severely infested fields the crop loss of upto 70% have been reported in some
fields. Several races of the cereal cyst nematode were reported. Varieties of wheat and barley
are screened regularly for resistance/susceptibility to H. avenae as a part of wheat and barley
improvement project. For obtaining information on potential targets for control of H. avenae,
work ongenome sequencing, reporting of novel genes and their functional validation through
gene silencing technique have been undertaken. We still donot have any resistant wheat variety
which can be taken up for commercial cultivation and management of the nematode is based
mainly on cultural, physical, biological and chemical methods.
4
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S1-PP-03
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
5
Page
Morphological and molecular identication of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera spp.)
isolates from Algeria and their phylogenetic relationships with other populations from
different geographical areas in Algeria
1 2 2 3
Mehlaine Khawla *, Mustafa İMREN , Göksel ÖZER , Abdelfattah A. DABABAT
1 Department of Zoologie, Hight School of Agronomy, Hassen Badi, Oued Smar Daira El
Harrach 16004, Algeria
2 Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Turkey
3International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey
*Correspondence to: e-mail: khemayna@hotmail.com
Cereal cyst nematodes of the genus Heterodera are the most damaging plant-parasitic
nematodes on wheat, causing severe economic loss to the global wheat production. In 2018, a
nematode survey conducted in Algeria, revealed that cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) were
widely distributed in several cereal growing regions of the country. Forty-seven CCN
populations from twenty-two locations were collected and characterized at the morphological
and molecular levels. The study showed that 46.8% of wheat fields were infested with cereal
cyst nematodes. Four species namely; Heterodera avenae, H. hordecalis, H. carotae,and H.
cruciferae were identified. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA of the nematodes were
sequenced and deposited in GenBank with the accession numbers from MK840637 to
MK848402. Identification of the species was verified with the sequences using the online
BLAST search engine of the NCBI. H. carotae and H. cruciferae were reported for the first
time in Algeria and detected from two and three locations, respectively. H. carotae and H.
cruciferae are closed to populations from Italy (AY347917) and Netherland (AF274411),
respectively. Heterodera avenae and H. hordecalis were found in six and ten localities,
respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS, D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S
rDNA locus and 18S rDNA locus of CCN was performed for the population analyses. H.
avenae from Algeria showed high similarity with that of Spain population (AY148354),
whereas H. hordecalis showed high similarity with Israeli population (AY347923). Because of
the variation among Algerian populations of H. avenae and H. hordecalis, they can be assumed
as multi-introduced in Algeria. H. carotae and H. cruciferae were formed a well-supported
cluster with the corresponding populations. Since wheat has an important socioeconomic
value for Algeria, additional surveys are needed in other wheat growing areas. Disease
management strategies should be focus on three targets; (1) keep the population below the
economical threshold levels (2) using of resistant wheat varieties, and (3) proper crop rotation.
S1-PP-04
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Biogeography and molecular species delimitation of Pratylenchus capsici n. sp. a new
root-lesion nematode in Israel on pepper (Capsicum annuum)
1 2 1 3 1,2,4
Qing Xue , Abraham Gamliel , Patricia Bucki , Svetlana Duvrinin , Ohad Abraham
1
and Sigal Braun
1Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units; Agricultural Research
Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel.
2Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO,
The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
3Extension Service (Shaham); Israel Ministry of agriculture & Rural development, Israel.
4Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment,
Rehovot
Root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus parasitize the roots of various plants and
constitute a real threat to cereal production in Israel and worldwide. These nematodes are
characterized by an extremely wide host range, including crops which are part of the
conventional rotation used for irrigated and non-irrigated crops. Here, we report on a new
species Pratylenchus capsici n. sp. from Arava rift, Israel, which was characterized by
integrative methods, including detailed morphology, molecular phylogeny, population
genetics and biogeography. We found this species widely spread along the Arava rift, causing
significant infection in pepper (Capsicum annuum) roots and inhibiting plant growth. Both
morphological and molecular species delimitation support the recovered species as a new
species. We recovered a high COI (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) haplotype diversity and
biogeography analysis suggests that contemporary gene flow was prevented among different
agricultural farms while population dispersal from weeds to pepper was found on relatively
small scale. Our results suggest that weeds are important for the dispersal of P. capsici n. sp.,
either as the original nematode source or at least to maintain the population in between growing
seasons.
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S1-PP-06
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Identication of Cereal Cyst Nematodes Heterodera avena group in some wheat elds
of Azerbaijan
1 2 1
Gulshan Abbaslı , Abdelfattah A Dababat and Halil Toktay
1Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,
Niğde, Turkey.
2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre - Turkey office P.K. 39 Emek 06511
Ankara, Turkey.
Corresponding Author: abbasligulshan@gmail.com
Wheat is one of the dominant crops in many countries being used by human and livestock.
Cereal Cyst nematodes one of very important pest that reduce yield up to 50% worldwide. In
this study, 145 soil samples were collected from wheat fields in Aghjabedi, Berde, Beylegan,
Bilasuvar, Jalilabad, Salyan and Terter provinces of Azerbaijan between 2018-2019. The Cysts
have been extracted in the laboratory in order to identify Cereal cyst nematodes. Cyst were
identified by morphological and morphometric methods. Species identification has been
validated by molecular method. As a result of the study, 38 fields were found to be infected with
Cereal cyst nematodes from 145 soil samples. Cereal cyst nematodes highest contamination
was 63.6 % in Berde with Heterodera avenae. This nematode was detected for the first time in
Aghjabedi and Berde provinces. These results very important for control strategies Cereal Cyst
nematode in Azerbaijan wheat production.
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S1-PP-06
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Occurrence and Distribution of Cereal Cyst Nematodes in Central Anatolian Region
of Turkey
G. Yatkın, Ş. Bayram, M. İmren, A.A. Dababat
Gökhan YATKIN, Ankara, Turkey, gytkn@hotmail.com
Şerife Bayram, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, Serife.Bayram@agri.ankara.edu.tr
Mustafa İmren, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey, m.imren37@gmail.com
Abdelfattah A. Dababat, CIMMYT Global Wheat Program, Ankara-Turkey,
a.dababat@cgiar.org
Corresponding author: gytkn@hotmail.com
The wheat, which can be grown in every part of Turkey, was mostly produced in Central
Anatolia with the range of 32% in 2017. The Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) are known as
parasites of cereals worldwide. CCN causes significant economic loss in wheat fields alone
and/or with other biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, 352 soil samples were taken from the
Central Anatolia Region from 13 provinces in 2018. Cysts were extracted by Fenwick can
method. After that, 200 g of soil from all samples examined under stereomicroscope and
samples which have cysts filled with eggs were accepted as infested. It was found that 50% of
352 soil samples were infested with CCN. Infested fields rate of CCN was highest in Eskişehir
(71.4%) province, followed by Konya (66,6%), Kırşehir (50%), Kırıkkale (50%), Çankırı
(50%), Yozgat (43.47%), Ankara (42.4%), Sivas (40%), Niğde (40%), Nevşehir (38.09%),
Kayseri (37.5%) and Aksaray (26%). Also, the total number of live J2+eggs was determined.
The highest number of J2+eggs was found 20716 (Kırşehir), 18774 (Ankara), 16275 (Konya),
13790 (Konya) and 12376 (Sivas) J2+eggs/ 200 g soil, respectively.
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S1-PP-0P
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of Cereal Cyst Nematodes Using a protein-
coding gene
1 2* 3
Rek Bozbuğa , Mustafa İmren , Abdelfattah A Dababat
1Nematology Lab, Biological Control Research Institute, Adana, Turkey
2
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
3International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Emek, Ankara, Turkey
*E-mail: rbozbuga@yahoo.com
Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs)are important plant parasites and cause significant damage to
cereals in many countries. Species of Heterodera genus are complex and destructive group
among CCNs. Molecular evolutionary genetic analysis is used to determine the genetic
relationship of Heterodera species. In molecular systematics, protein coding genes are also
used for molecular evolutionary genetic analysis that protein coding genes have some
advantages compare to ribosomal RNA genes and they are relatively superior alignment
sequences. Heat shock protein (HSP) genes which are nuclear protein coding genes have been
used for phylogenetic analysis in nematode species. Hsp genes are classified based on
molecular size and hsp90 is one of the well-studied genes. It is important for phylogenetic
analysis to understand the genetic relationship among the Heterodera species. Nonetheless,
genetic relationship of Heterodera species using hsp90 gene has not fully understood. Hence,
this study was aimed to understand the genetic relationship of Heterodera species using hsp90
gene. In this study, the genomic information of hsp90 gene was taken from the National Center
for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Nucleotide sequences of Heterodera species were
analysed using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis in MegaX programme. Existing
nucleotide sequences of Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an outgroup. Results revealed
that some CCNs species were determined as advanced species and several of them located in
different clades in phylogenetic tree. It can be concluded that advanced species may be related
to the nematode adaptation to hostile environmental conditions and the availability of the
nutrition source.
Session 1 9
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Page
Distribution of the cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) in wheat and barley elds
in north-eastern regions of Syria
1,2* 3 1,2 1,4
Fateh Toumi , Ghassan Hassan , Lieven Waeyenberge , Nicole Viaene , Abdelfattah
5 6,7 7,8 10
Amer. Dababat , Julie Nicol , Francis. Ogbonnaya , Khaled Al-Assas , Taissir Abou Al-
3 1,2
Fadil andMaurice Moens
1
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820
Merelbeke, Belgium.
2 Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent,
Belgium.
3
General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research, Douma, Damascus, Syria.
4
Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
5
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey.
6
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT).
7 IA Watson Grains Research Centre, The Plant Breeding Institute , www.caigeproject.org.au
the University of Sydney.
8 International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria.
9 Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC), Level 1, 40 Blackall Street, Barton
ACT 2600 Australia.
10 Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus,
Syria.
(* Corresponding author: Fateh TOUMI; e-mail: fateh_t@hotmail.com)
Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) are important plant-parasitic nematodes of wheat and barley,
and exist in most of the cereal growing regions of the world. As there is limited information on
the nature and distribution of CCN species in Syria, a survey was conducted in north-eastern
Syria to assess the distributionof CCN in the main wheat and barley growing areas. In the
summer of 2009, a total of 167 composite soil samples were collected from 167 wheat and
barley fields. Cysts were extracted from soil using the Fenwick can technique, then quantified
and identified up to the species level by using both morphological and molecular methods. The
study revealed that 62% of the fields were infested with the three Heterodera species: H.
avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons. However, the most prevalent species was H. latipons,
which was present in 76% of the infested samples, while it occurred alone in 67% of those
samples. Heterodera avenaewas detected singly in 20% of the samples, while 11% consisted
of mixed populations with other species. Heterodera filipjevi was never detected alone; it was
found mixed with H. avenae and/or H. latipons in 9% of the samples. The high number of
extracted cysts (up to 116 cysts / 200 g of soil) is most likely related to the monoculture
practiced in that region and the fact that growers are unaware of the existence of resistant
varieties.
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Session 1S1-PP-09
Distribution of rice- root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in the district, Ri-
Bhoi, Meghalaya
P. Balasubramanian and N. Premaradhya
College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Umiam
Rice is the dominant food crop in the State of Meghalaya accounting for 80 per cent of its food
production. The district Ri - Bhoi is one among 7 districts of the state covering an area of 9,682
ha and production of 35,450 tonnes /ha. It was chosen for the survey of M. graminicola by
collection of soil and root samples in 77 locations of the district. Seven locations showed its
presence in the form of galls on the tip of the rootlets whereas egg masses or eggs and larvae
were not noticed. Moreover, the rice - root lesion nematode, Hirschmanniella species, which is
omnipresent in every state of the country in rice roots, was found absent. Several ecto-parasitic
genera i.e., Xiphinema, Longidorus and Criconemoides were found in the soil samples. The
Jhumming is a primary farming practice of farmers in the state and may be the reason for their
development, reproduction and multiplication affecting the rice crop as well, besides surviving
on many herbaceous and perennial tree species during the off season.
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Session 1S1-PP-10
Page
Potential Nematode Pests of Cereal Crops in Jammu division of J&K
*Rajan Salalia and **Raman Kumar Walia
*Senior Scientist (Entomology), AICRP on Rice, Division of Plant Breeding & Genetics,
Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
of Jammu, Chatha-180009 (Jammu & Kashmir)
** Ex. Project Coordinator, All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Nematodes in
Cropping Systems, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi-110012
Corresponding author E-mail: rajanjgd@yahoo.co.in
The principal cereal crops in the ten districts of Jammu division are wheat, paddy and maize in
the increasing order of importance. The survey and/or pest screening of soil /roots samples
along with bioassays were conducted during 2016-19 in the eight districts viz., Jammu, Samba,
Kathua, Udhampur, Reasi, Ramban, Rajouri and Poonch. A plethora of nematode genera have
been encountered in the cereals along with other crops. The population of heteroderid cysts
have been recorded from rice-wheat cropping system in the tropics of Jammu, Samba and
Udhampur and in the maize crop from the hills of Ramban, Udhampur and Reasi. Rice root-
knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, earlier reported as an emerging pest of rice in the
subtropics of Jammu has shown an increasing trend in the rice nurseries of RS Pura, the
basmati rice niche area for Jammu. The recent incidences/reports of white tip diseases of rice
caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi from the adjoining rice belts of neighbouring state of
Himachal Pradesh with similar ecologies is anticipated as looming threat.
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Session 1S1-PP-11
Page
Current Status of wheat plant parasitic nematodes in Souss-Massa region of Morocco
*1,2 *1 3
Salah-Eddine LAASLI , Fouad MOKRINI , Abdelfattah A. DABABAT
1Biotechnology Unit, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research, National Institute of
Agriculture Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco;
2Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Laboratory of Botany, Mycology and
Environment, Rabat, Morocco;
3International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek,
Ankara, Turkey;
*Correspondence: laaslisalaheddine@gmail.com
fmokrini.inra@gmail.com
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Morocco's Souss-Massa region were surveyed between
January and April 2018 to study the diversity and occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes and
assess the effects of soil edaphic properties on the nematodes. Ten nematode genera were
identified in soil and root samples collected from 33 wheat fields. Root-knot nematode species
were identified based on SCAR primers developed from RAPD markers. Species of root-
lesion nematodes were identified using the keys of Castillo and Vovlas and Ryss. The most
common plant-parasitic nematodes in this region were Pratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus
spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Meloidogyne spp. Nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus spp.
and Ditylenchus spp., were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several nematode
genera were significantly associated with soil texture and mineral content, indicating that soil
properties play an important role in plant-parasitic nematode communities. This description of
plant-parasitic nematode assemblages associated with wheat fields in Morocco and their
relationship with soil physico-chemical properties provides a starting point from which
appropriate nematode management strategies can be implemented.
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Session 1S1-PP-12
14
Page
Frequency and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes in wheat elds in Souss-Massa
and Tadla region of Morocco
*1,2 *1 3
Salah-Eddine LAASLI , Fouad MOKRINI , Mohamed JADOUALI , Abdelfattah A.
4 2
DABABAT , Aicha EL AISSAMI
1National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Nematology Lab, Agadir, Morocco;
2Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Laboratory of Botany, Mycology and
Environment, Rabat, Morocco;
3Research Unit of Natural Resources and Terroirs Products, URRN & PDT
CRRA-INRA-Agadir, Morocco;
4International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek,
Ankara, Turkey;
*Correspondence: laaslisalaheddine@gmail.com
fmokrini.inra@gmail.com
In 2018, the distribution of important plant parasitic nematodes in the cereal fields of Souss-
Massa and Tadla regions of Morocco was systematically surveyed and investigated. Cysts
were extracted from soil using flotation and decanting techniques, while nematode vermiform
stages were extracted from soil and roots using Baermann funnel method. Nematodes were
identified to species level using the morphological method. In Souss-Massa region, root-lesion
nematodes were found in 71% and cereal cyst nematodes in 10% of the soil samples. Root-
lesion nematodes in all localities were identified as Pratylenchus thornei, P. penetrans and P.
crenatus. Densities of mobile stages of root-lesion nematodes in wheat fields ranged from 2 to
27 per 100 g of soil. In the Tadla region, cereal cyst nematodes were found only in 10% of soil
samples and were identified as Heterodera avenae. Population densities of cereal cyst
nematodes in soil samples ranged at 2 cysts per 100 g of soil, which is possibly less than the
critical threshold for damage. The root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus thornei and P.
penetrans were the most widely distributed species in the surveyed areas. Densities of mobile
stages of RLN in wheat fields ranged from 15 to 35/100 g of soil. Other important plant
parasitic nematodes recovered were Ditylenchus dipsaci, Meloidogyne spp., Paratylenchus
spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Tylenchus spp.
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Session 1S1-PP-13
15
Page
Distribution of Cereal Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi) in Eastern
Washington State
1 1 2
Nuan Wen , Yvonne Manning-Thompson , Kimberly Garland-Campbell and Timothy
2
Paulitz
1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
2
99164-6420, USA. USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, United
States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA.
Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN, Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi), cause substantial
worldwide yield loss in small grain cereals such as wheat, barley and oat. H. avenae was first
detected in the United States in Oregon in 1974 and had spread to northeast Oregon by the mid-
1980s. Although H. avenae was detected in eastern Washington in 1984, extensive infestations
were not noticed until 2010. H. filipjevi, first detected in Oregon in 2008, was found in eastern
Washington in 2014. To gain more information about the distribution of these two species, an
extensive survey was undertaken in eastern Washington and methods were developed to
distinguish species using DNA sequencing of single cysts. In this study, we surveyed 356
wheat and barley fields in eastern Washington from 2007 to 2017. CCN from the infested
locations were identified to species level by sequencing the ribosomal internal transcribed
spacers (ITS) and/or 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The sequences were compared in the
GenBank database in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to identify
species. The results show that H. filipjevi was primarily confined to southern Whitman County,
WA; and H. avenae has a wider distribution across the higher precipitation annual cropping
area of eastern Whitman County. Knowledge of species identification is critical for
deployment of host resistance as an effective means of management, since resistance genes for
one species of CCN may not be effective against the other.
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Session 1S1-PP-14
16
Page
Morphological and molecular identication of cyst nematode species (Heterodera spp.)
in Algerian cereal elds
1 2 3 4
Djamel Smaha , Fouad Mokrini , Mustafa Imren , Aissa Mokabli , Abdelfattah
4
Dababat
1
Laboratory of Nematology, National High School of Agronomy, El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
2 UR-Integrated Crop Protection, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Agadir,
Morocco
3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Abant Izzet
Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
4University of Khemis Miliana, Ain Defla, Algeria
5
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Emek, Ankara, Turkey
Corresponding author: Abdelafattah A. Dababat;
email: A.Dababat@cgiar.org
Cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) are distributed globally and cause severe small grain
cereals production loss. To investigate the occurrence of the cereal cyst nematodes in the
wheat-growing areas of Algeria, a survey was conducted and 27 cereal cyst nematode
populations were collected. The populations were initially identified based on their
morphological and morphometric characters, followed by molecular methods using species-
specific primers, complemented by ITS-rDNA sequences. The morphological and
morphometric features of second-stage juveniles (J2s) and cysts supported the presence of
three Heterodera species: H. avenae; H. filipjevi and H. hordecalis. All morphological values
of these distinct populations were very similar to those previously described for these species.
Using species-specific primers for H. avenae and H. filipjevi, the specific bands of 109 bp and
646 bp confirmed the morphological identification for both species, respectively. In addition,
the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were sequenced to study the diversity of the 27
populations. These sequences were compared with those of Heterodera species available in the
GenBank database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and re-confirmed the identity of the species.
Nineteen sequences of ITS-rDNA were similar (99-100%) to the sequences of H. avenae
published in the GenBank, six sequences were similar (99-100%) to H. hordecalis, and two
were similar (98-99%) to H. filipjevi. The results of this study are of great value to breeding
programs and extension services, where they will contribute to the design of control measures
to keep damaging nematodes in check.
S1-PP-15
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Distribution of Meloidogyne graminicola in Gujarat
Tulika Singh, A. D. Patel, Anjana Prajapati and B. A. Patel
Department of Nematology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand- 388 110
E-mail: tulikasingh006@ gmail.com
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) an important food crop and occupies about 5% cropped area in Gujarat.
Among pests and diseases, phytonematodes causes losses to the extent of 90%. The major are
Ditylenchus angustus, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Hirschmanniella spp, Heterodera oryzicola
and Meloidogyne graminicola. However, M. graminicola is prevalent in major rice producing
countries of the world. Hence surveys were conducted during the year 2011-2017 in Kharif and
Rabi seasons in Gujarat, India. Three hundred and thirty-four paddy nurseries/fields of
different districts (Anand, Kheda, Panchmahals and Vadodara) were surveyed to know the
occurrence and hot spot of M. graminicola.During 2011,about 34.78 % rice nurseries were
found infected with this nematode.Infection of the nematode was observed in Anand and
Umreth talukas of Anand district, Thasra and Memdavad talukas of Kheda district and
Kadana and Ghoghamba talukas of Panchmahal district (Kharif 2012). During 2014-15, 70 %
rice nurseries were found infected with M. graminicola in Mahuva taluka of Surat district.
Area surrounding Agarva village of Thasra taluka of Kheda district found hot spot for M.
graminicola during Kharif 2014 and Summer 2015. Infection of M. graminicola was observed
in 69.23 % rice nurseries grown in Anand district during Kharif 2016. Survey conducted during
2016 & 2017 revealed that 37.31, 11.53 and 35.13% rice nurseries/fields found infected with
M. graminicola in Kheda, Ahmedabad and Anand districts, respectively. However, looking to
the initiation of the problem in rice, it is desirable to find out the effective and economic
management strategies for M. graminicola in the state.
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Spatial distribution and risk area identication of rice root-knot nematode
(Meloidogyne graminicola) at Dumka district of Jharkhand, India
1
Sandip Mondal (Presenting author)(sandipmondal760@gmail.com), Matiyar
2 1
Rahaman Khan (drmrkhanbckv@gmail.com), Abhishek Mukherjee
(abhi.mukh@yahoo.com)
1Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand, India, 815301.
2Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important cereal and a source of calories for more than one-third
population of the world. Rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) is one of those
biotic factors capable of causing considerable yield crop loss in direct seeded and transplanted
rice. Characteristic attack symptoms include stunted growth, yellowing and typical root
galling. While the information on the damage severity of rice root-knot nematode (RRKN) is
available from other parts of the country, to date, no information is available from the state of
Jharkhand. In order to generate detailed information on spatial distribution and risk area
assessment and identify the edaphic factors governing nematode population density, extensive
field sampling was conducted in Dumka district of Jharkhand. 'W' -pattern sample walk
method with a minimum distance of 5 kilometers between two sampling points were
maintained during sampling. In total 95 samples (200 cm soil along with 5g roots) were
collected at the seedling stage and nematodes were extracted and estimated following standard
protocol. To identify the nematode population density at unsampled locations, different spatial
interpolation techniques like inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging (OK) will
be used. Risk areas will be identified using indicator kriging approach. Relationship between
soil properties and nematode population density will be inferred using co-inertia analysis. The
results of these studies will be presented during the conference. Both spatial distribution and
risk maps prepared through this study could be useful for the scientist, extension workers, and
farmers. The predicted map might be helpful for nematode advisory services and adoption of
appropriate site-specific RRKN management practices in rice.
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Session 2
The economic importance and population dynamics
of cereal nematodes
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Economic Impact of Root Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) on Australian Wheat
Production
1 2 3 1 4
Grant J Hollaway , John Brennan , Gordon Murray , Joshua Fanning , Alan Mckay ,
4 5 6 6 7
Katherine Linsell , Kirsty Owen , Sarah Collins , Carla Wilkinson , Clayton Forknall ,
8 9
Karyn Reeves , Steven Simpfendorfer
1 Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, Victoria Australia. , joshua.fanning@agriculture.vic.gov.au
grant.hollaway@agriculture.vic.gov.au
2 Castlemaine, Victoria Australia. jpjkbrennan@gmail.com
3 215 Brucedale Drive, Brucedale, New South Wales, Australia. gordonmur@gmail.com
4 South Australian Research and Development Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
5 Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia,
kirsty.owen@usq.edu.au
6 DPIRD, Perth Australia; , sarah.collins@dpird.wa.gov.au Carla.wilkinson@dpird.wa.gov.au
7 Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Leslie Research Facility, Toowoomba, Queensland,
Australia; clayton.forknall@daf.qld.gov.au
8 Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia 6102, karyn.reeves@curtin.edu.au
9 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth
Australia.steven.simpfendorfer@dpi.nsw.gov.au
The root lesion nematodes (RLN), Pratylenchus thornei, P. neglectus and P. quasitereoides, are
important soil borne pathogens of wheat across Australia and internationally. These nematodes are
widespread and the losses they cause are related to: 1) their density in the soil, 2) the tolerance of the
wheat cultivar grown, and 3) seasonal conditions. Using these three variables, the average annual
economic impact of RLNs on Australian wheat production was calculated. The relationship
between differing pre-sowing RLN densities and yield were informed by the results of multiple field
experiments, each conducted across two seasons. Within each experiment, cereal cultivars with
contrasting resistance/susceptibility to the target species of RLN were grown in the first season to
establish differential nematode densities in the field. In the following season, the initial density of
the target nematode in each plot was quantified using a qPCR based soil test (PREDICTA B) before
the experiment was sown to wheat cultivars with a range of contrasting tolerance/intolerance, if
available. Plots were harvested for grain yield at maturity. The relationship between grain yield and
the initial nematode density, found to be linear, was determined for each cultivar in each experiment,
where experiments encompassed a range of growing seasons. In seasons conducive for loss by
RLN, the rate of change in yield as initial nematode densities increased ranged from -0.005 t/ha per
nematode/g soil for P. neglectus ineastern Australia, to -0.064 t/ha per nematode/g soil for P. thornei
in northern Australia. Using these relationships, the regional and national yield and economic losses
were calculated based on individual quantitative RLN test results from 7,914 fields (2013 to 2017)
located throughout the wheat growing areas and regional wheat production figures (5 year average,
2013 to 2017). The frequency of seasons that were conducive, intermediate or non-conducive for
yield loss due to RLN and the proportional tolerance/intolerance ratings of the wheat cultivars
grown within each region were also applied to the economic estimates to enable average yield losses
to be calculated. Average annual losses in wheat from RLNs in the northern, southern and western
regions of Australia were estimated at $30, $16 and $72 million AUD respectively, which equates to
1.5%, 0.9% and 2.8%, respectively, of the value of production. However, in seasons conducive to
losses by RLNs these losses could be up to $41, $35 and $163 million in these regions, respectively.
Losses in individual experiments of 65% were measured thus demonstrating the potential for RLNs
to impact on individual crops when nematode densities are high and intolerant cultivars are grown.
It was estimated that increased adoption of wheat cultivars with improved tolerance to RLNs would
decrease annual average losses by $47 million AUD.
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S2-PP-01
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Regression Analysis of theInitial Populations of Heterodera filipjevi and Grain Yield
Reduction in Three Wheat Cultivars Under Normal Irrigation and Drought Stress in
Field Conditions
1 2 3
Hadi KARIMIPOUR FARD , Ebrahim POURJAM , Zahra TANHA MAAFI , and
4
Naser SAFAIE
1 Plant protection Research Department, Kohgylouyeh va Boyerahmad Agricultural and
Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasouj, Iran;
karimipourfard@yahoo.com
2 Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran; pourjame@modares.ac.ir
3 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and
Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran; tanhamaafi@iripp.ir
4 Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran; naser.safaie@gmail.com
Correspondence: karimipourfard@yahoo.com
Heterodera filipjevi is the most abundant species of cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) in most
cereal growing areas of Iran. In this survey, the relationships between the initial population (P)
i
of H. filipjevi and grain yield reduction in three wheat cultivars namely Back-cross Rowshan,
Pishtaz and Parsi were assessed under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions in an
infested field for two years in Isfahan province, Iran. Variables belonging to the two year
experiments were evaluated by linear regression analysis and the relationships between P of
i
H. filipjevi as independent variable and wheat yield in each cultivar as dependent variable were
evaluated by modelling using Stat graphics program. By determining the coefficient of
2
determination (R ), a suitable model was determined and the parameters related to the linear
model were estimated and their regression graphs were drawn.The results showed that the
model fitness was favorable, the regression analyses of the combined data from both years
showed linear inverse relationships between P density and grain yields and the grain yield was
i
decreased by increasing the Pi of the three cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress
conditions as well. These negative relationships were described by linear models, and based on
linear models 66.6%, 66.6%, and 44.5% of changes in yields were dependent to the changes in
Pi of H. filipjevi in Back-cross Rowshan, Pishtaz and Parsi, respectively, regardless the type of
irrigation.
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S2-PP-02
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
The effect of storage temperature on hatching of Heterodera latipons
1 2
Mustafa İMREN *, Yiğit Ali TATLI, Abdelfattah A. DABABAT *
1 Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Turkey
2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey
*Correspondence to: e-mail: mustafaimren@ibu.edu.tr
The Cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons, is an important sedentary plant-parasitic
nematode that restricts the global production of cereal crops particularly wheat, barley and
oats. In Turkey, it is known to have high populations which exceeds the economic loss
threshold and cause economic yield losses in many locations. Understanding its life cycle and
development stages are essential for planning the right control strategies. The study was
conducted to evaluate the effect of storage temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25°C) on the hatching of
H. latipons which showed differences in response of different populations to different storage
temperatures. The result of this study revealed that the highest cumulative hatch of 47%, 57%
and 38.12% were recorded at constant temperatures of 10°C and 15°C, respectively. However,
the lowest cumulative hatch of 3.5% was seen after initial exposure to 5°C followed by
transferring to 20°C. Temperature of 10-15 °C enhances hatching. The majority of J2's
hatching occurred in two peaks; the first was in October and the second in February. Therefore,
the greatest invasion by H. latipons was most likely to occur right after these two peaks. In
conclusion, H. latipons does not seem to have a diapause and could hatch anytime when the
right temperatures are available.
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S2-PP-03
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Interpolation Studies of Distribution of Heterodera filipjeviin Wheat Fields by
Geographic Information System and Relationships of Some Climatic Factors with
Population Density in Isfahan Province, Iran
1 2 3 4
Hadi Karimipour Fard , Ebrahim Pourjam , Zahra Tanha Maa and Naser Safaie
1 Plant protection Research Department, Kohgylouyeh va Boyerahmad Agricultural and
Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasouj, Iran;
karimipourfard@yahoo.com
2 Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran; pourjame@modares.ac.ir
3 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and
Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran; tanhamaafi@iripp.ir
4 Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran; naser.safaie@gmail.com
Correspondence: karimipourfard@yahoo.com
This survey was conducted to study the identification, distribution, disease incidence,
population density and preparation of distribution map of cereal cyst nematode (CCN) based
on interpolation using geographic information system (GIS). Moreover the relationships
between some climatic factors and population density of dominant species were defined as
well. Totally 280 soil and root samples were randomly collected from 140 wheat fields in
Isfahan province during 2013-2015. The soil samples were processed and the number of cyst,
second stage juvenile (J2) and egg were determined. The species was identified based on
morphological characters, morphometric features and molecular data. The distribution data
was analyzed by Arc GIS software using interpolation technique for determination of raster
maps of population density of J2, eggs and direction of disease progression. After preparing the
raster maps, direction and the correlation of J2s and eggs population with some climatic factors
and altitude were determined by GIS using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results
revealed Heterodera filipjevi was the only species of cereal cyst nematodes identified in
Isfahan province and found in 56.4% of soil samples while the average population of eggs and
J2 was evaluated 6 per g of soil. Based on interpolation of population density, Ardestan,
Natanz, Kashan, Aran va Bidgol, Mobarekeh, Naein and Isfahan districts contained most mean
population density of H. filipjevi, respectively. Nematode population density showed direct
correlation with the long term mean of temperature and inverse correlation with the long term
mean of precipitation, relative humidity percent and altitude.
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S2-PP-04
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
An overview on the research of cereal cyst nematodes in Southwestern Iran
1 2
A. R. Ahmadi and Z. Tanha Maa
Ahmadi Alireza: Agricultural Research, Education and Natural Resources Center of
Khuzestan, Iran Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
Email: alirahmadi2000@gmail.com
Tanha Maafi Zahra: Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran-Iran
Email: tanhamaafi@yahoo.com
Correspondence: alirahmadi2000@gmail.com
Cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) are one of the most damaging wheat and barley
nematodes in the world. The first focused research on cereal cyst nematodes in Iran in 2008
was started by determining the distribution and population density of cyst and root lesion
nematodes in the country and Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran, was one of the areas
of this research. Based on the research, 38 percent of the wheat and barley fields of
Khuzestan province with an average population of 280 eggs and second stage juveniles per
100 grams of soil were infested with cyst nematodes (H. avenae and H. filipjevi). The losses
of these two species on wheat cultivars in Ramshir and Behbahan districts with population
density of 10 and 9 eggs and second stage juveniles per gram of soil decreased wheat grain
yield by 11-62% respectively. Study on the life cycle of H. avenae in field and microplot
conditions in Behbahan and Ahwaz indicated that the nematode has one generation per year
and its life cycle is about three months. In the survay of cyst nematode antagonists, 78
isolates of fungi were isolated. Some of Fusarium isolates were able to parasitize up to 90%
of nematode eggs in laboratory conditions. The effect of conservation tillage and pattern of
cultivation on H. avenae showed that low tillage patterns including using rotavator, chisel
plowing and two passes of disc harrow decreased 81, 49 and 16% of the nematode
population, respectively, compared with the control (conventional cultivation ), while no
tillage increased the nematode population by 61%. By examining the response of 60
cultivars and lines of bread and durum wheat to H. avenae in greenhouse and microplot
conditions, some of them had resistance to nematode, and research work in this field
continued.
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S2-PP-05
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Study on plant parasitic nematodes associated with nursery of
different species of bamboo seedlings and their effect on performance of
their growth
B. Arun Kumar and P. Balasubramanian
Ranger in Tamilnadu Forest Department and Professor ( Nematology)
College of Post Graduate Stduies, Umiam, Meghalaya
The inspection of soil and root samples for infestation of plant parasitic nematodes in the
nursery raised for different species of Bamboo was carried out. It was found that the nursery
seedlings of Bamboo vulgaris, B. bamboo, B. tulda and D. strictus showed four kind of
ectoparasitic nematode genera namely Tylenchorhynchus mashoodi, Helicotylenchus
dihystera, Hoplolaimus seinhorsti, Criconemoides xenoplux as the major nematodes recorded
at a density level of 20,16,6,8 per 200 g soil and its relative density in percentage were as
43.4%, 36.4%, 13.6% and 18.2%, respectively. Such nematode affected seedling root system
showed deformed rootlets along with stunting of shoots and chlorosis of needles. Significant
growth reduction is evident in the species of B. vulgaris and D. strictus only. Moreover, the
evaluation of the species assessed for susceptibility to Tylenchorhynchus mashoodi, the one
that was least affected are B. nutans and D. strictus.
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S2-PP-06
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Incidence of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicolain Himachal Pradesh
Sharmishtha Thakur and Pawan Kumar Sharma
Deptt.of Entomology, CSKHPKV-Palampur
Author's Email ID: sharmishtha.thakur@gmail.com
Rice is an important cereal crop grown in most of the districts in Himachal Pradesh. Amongst
various factors affecting the yield of rice, rice root-knot nematode i.e., Meloidogyne
graminicola, has become a major constraint in rice production. The diagnostic symptoms of
root-knot disease of rice are, stunted growth, yellowing, and gall formation on the roots.J2
penetrate the roots closely behind the root tip; migrate to vascular cylinder turning it into
multinucleated giant cells, by endomitosis and cell hypertrophy characterized by hook shaped
galls. To determine the frequency and abundance of M. graminicola, a survey was conducted in
rice fields in two districts of Himachal Pradesh during November 2018. In total 42 composite
soil samples were collected randomly from Kangra and Una districts. Nematodes were
extracted by Cobb's Sieving and Decanting Technique followed by Modified Baermann's
Funnel Technique. The extracted nematodes were identified to generic level and quantified.
More than two genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified along with various types of
free-living nematodes. Rice root-knot nematode was recorded from nine localities, with the
frequency of occurrence ranging from 33-100%. The mean population varied from 62 to 564
J /200 cc soil Key words: Survey, Rice, Meloidogyne graminicola, Himachal Pradesh
2
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S2-PP-07
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Session 3
Management strategies for cereal nematodes using host
resistance
27
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Association analysis for resistance to cereal cyst nematodes and root lesion nematodes
in a panel of Durum wheat lines
1* 2 1 3
Hakan Özkan , Gul Erginbaş-OrakçI , Uğur Sesiz , Susanne Dreisigacker and
2
Abdelfattah A. Dababat
1 2
University of Çukurova, Fac. of Agriculture, Adana, Turkey; CIMMYT Global Wheat
3
Program, Ankara, Turkey; CIMMYT Global Wheat Program, Mexico
Presenting author email: hozkan@cu.edu.tr
Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world. It is grown on 20% of the global
cultivated land area and is the main food resource for 40% of the world's population. Cereal
production is limited by several biotic factors, one of which is plant-parasitic nematodes. The
cereal cyst nematode (CCN) and root lesion nematodes (RLN) are considered to cause the most
damage to temperate cereals and are the most economically important nematode species
worldwide. Both nematode groups can be managed by crop rotation and different tillage
techniques. However, the use of resistant and tolerant durum wheat varieties offers the most
effective, economical, and environmentally friendly option of controlling nematodes. In
durum wheat, there is limited information available in the literature. So far, a few resistance
genes conferring predominately dominant or partial resistance have been reported by using the
limited number of traditional bi-parental mapping. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
are an alternative approach to bi-parental mapping that does not require the development of
parental crosses and show a higher mapping resolution investigating many more meiotic
recombination events. In view of these advantages, GWAS should be applied to develop
molecular markers for nematode resistance in wheat. In this study, a panel of durum wheat lines
was genotyped with DArTSeq markers. The panels were screened for the CCN and the RLNs
in order to investigate their resistant reaction against those nematodes. The results will be
presented and discussed.
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S3-PP-01
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Exploring the genetic diversity of resistance to root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus
thornei and P. neglectus) in wheat
Rebecca Zwart, Jason Sheedy, Kelvin Khoo, Ken Chalmers, Diane Mather and John
Thompson
University Of Southern Queensland, Australia.
Root-lesion nematodes (RLN) Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus are found in all major
wheat-growing regions in Australia, with P. thornei the predominant species in the northern
grains region of Australia and P. neglectus the most prevalent RLN species in the southern and
western grains regions. Root-lesion nematodes have a wide host range among cereal, pulse and
oilseed crops, and moreover, survive well in soil at damaging levels for several years in the
absence of a host crop. The most efficient and effective strategy for RLN management is the
incorporation of genetic resistance into commercial wheat cultivars to ensure high yields in the
current crop as well as reduce the build-up of nematode populations present in the soil to invade
subsequent crops. The limited number of genetic sources of resistance to RLN in modern bread
wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum; ABD genomes) has prompted the search for resistance to
RLN in synthetic hexaploid wheats, landraces and closely related wild progenitors. Diversity
in resistance QTLs was explored in five synthetic hexaploid wheat lines (ABD genomes)
exhibiting resistance to both P. thornei and P. neglectus. These synthetic hexaploid lines are
derived from a broad diversity of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum; AB genomes) sources,
originating from both the Australian and CIMMYT breeding programs, as well as a diverse
range of different morphological subspecies and varieties of Aegilops tauschii (D genome).
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S3-PP-02
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Screening methods to assess the resistance in wheat against cereal nematodes
Pratylenchus spp. and Heterodera spp.
1* 1 2 3
Halil Toktay , Osameh Atiya , Mustafa Imren , Abdelfattah Dababat
1Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,
2
Niğde, Turkey; Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science,
3
, Gölköy Kampüs, 14280 Bolu, Turkey; International Maize and Wheat Improvement
Centre - Turkey office P.K. 39 Emek 06511 Ankara, Turkey.
*Presenting author email: toktay@yahoo.com
Wheat production is affected by several biotic factors such as plant-parasitic nematodes. The
genus Heterodera contains more than 90 species among which the most economically
important ones are the cereal cyst nematodes (CCN), which is a complex group of 12 species.
The species of the economic importance of the CCN group are H. avenae, H. filipjevi and H.
latipons. Pratylenchus spp. are polyphagous and economically important nematodes on wheat
production systems, particularly under rain-fed environments. Chemical control cannot be
used to manage these nematodes as it is uneconomic and environmentally unsound. Rotation is
a possible option; however, in wheat, monoculture systems cannot be widely implemented. In
vitro screening could facilitate and accelerate the identification of resistance and its subsequent
incorporation into wheat. A number of variables were assessed to optimise P. thornei screening
including initial nematode density, inoculation volume, soil type, tube size, cultivar, harvest
time and watering system. The extraction method for P. thornei from soil was also evaluated.
Greenhouse experiments showed clear differentiation between the resistance and susceptible
cultivars after 9 weeks of nematodes inoculation in sandy soil (70:29:1 sand: field soil: organic
matter) with small tubes (1.5 x 100 mm) with an initial density of 400 P. thornei/plant in soil.
Using this assay the resistance response was investigated in seedling stage for three known
sources of resistance (AUS4930, CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA, GS50A),
comparing them to susceptible plants (Janz and Pastor). CCN experiments clearly
distinguished resistance and susceptible plants after 9 weeks in sandy soil (70:29:1 sand: field
soil: organic matter) with small tubes (1.5 x 100 mm) with an initial density of 250
juveniles/plant in soil. Using these experiment three resistant sources was identified. The
modifications to the screening methodology should improve the accuracy, time and cost
effectiveness of this important tool to identify and confirm resistance in wheat against P.
thornei.
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S3-PP-03
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Response of different wheat cultivars against Heterodera avenae and Meloidogyne
graminicola
Divya Singh, and Uma Rao*
Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012,
India.
umarao@iari.res.in
Wheat is a staple cereal crop grown worldwide over 218 million ha area with a production of
about 771 million tons. Among various pests and diseases affecting wheat, Cereal cyst
nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) is one of the key yield limiting factors globally. Further,
rice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola has been found to be infecting wheat
particularly in the rice-wheat cropping system but significant economic damage is yet to be
reported. Use of resistant varieties is the most economically viable management option. In
view of this, 17 wheat cultivars were evaluated against both these nematodes in pot culture
studies. Interestingly, results showed that cv HD3043 was found to be resistant against both H.
avenae and M. graminicola while cv. PBW550 was resistant to only H. avenae. Both these
cultivars responded differently against H.avenae and M. graminicola in terms of their
penetrative ability and multiplication factor. Additionally, changes in expression of 14
peroxidase genes (class III) was observed during incompatible and compatible
wheat–nematode interactions for six cultivars after 6 and 10 days post nematode inoculation.
Differential expression of peroxidase genes were induced by both the nematodes in resistant
and susceptible cultivars in terms of magnitude at different infection stages. These results
suggest that due to climate change and use of intensive cropping systems, wheat could emerge
as an important host for M. graminicola and help in contributing for high initial population
buildup of this nematode in the fields which can negatively impact rice, and possibly wheat
productivity in a rice-wheat rotation.
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S3-PP-04
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Screening genotypes against white tip nematode of rice, Aphelenchoides besseyi for
identifying resistance and detection of root – knot nematode of rice, Meloidogyne
graminicola bio race for breeding for resistance.
P. Balasubramanian and Mayank Rai
Professor ( Nematology) and Professor ( Plant Breeding), CPGS-AS- Umiam , Meghalaya
Investigation through survey of nematodes affecting rice crop over the district of Ri – Bhoi in
the State of Meghalaya during the year 2017 and 18 was carried out in order to the know the
occurrence of white – tip nematode, Aphlenchoides besseyi and detection of Meloidogyne
graminicola bio- race prevailing in the state using the host differential for involving in the
breeding programme to develop a resistant variety. The seeds of the genotypes as and when the
harvest was over were dehusked from the grain portion and the husks remaining were soaked in
water for about 12 hours and the suspension was observed for presence of A. bessyi juveniles
and adults. In the study, the genotypes IR 64, Sahbhagi dhan, SAB 7-13-5 , SAB 4-2-4 , SAB 4-
2-7 , SAB 4-2- 20 , SAB 4-7-3 recorded with juveniles and adults numbering from 8 to 30 /100
seeds, whereas CR 323, Pusa 1121 , CAUR 1, Sahasarang and Chakhao Poirieton, CAUS 103 ,
CAUS 104 , CAUS 110 , CAUS CAUS 111, CAUS 112, CAUS 113, CAUS 114 , CAUS 115,
CAUS 116 failed to show any juveniles and adults of A. besseyi in the seeds. While in the case
of study on detection of bio race of root knot nematode, M. graminicola, the rice line 06, and 44
of Oryza glaberrima showed susceptible reaction by recording 4 females per seedling.
Moreover, the rice genotype developed by Bayer Crop Science Division, under the field trial
condition showed that higher level of M. graminicola infestation by recording around 9
females per seedling with a production of egg masses containing eggs and larvae in their egg
masses ranging from 20- to 25 in number / egg mass.
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S3-PP-05
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Evaluation of some Turkish wheat and barley varieties against the cyst nematode,
Heterodera latipons
1 2 3
Duman N , Imren M , Çiftçi V , A. A. Dababat
1Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Mudurnu Süreyya Astarci Vocational School, Mudurnu,
Bolu, Turkey
2 Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Department
of Plant Protection, Golkoy, Bolu, Turkey
3 Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Department
of Field Crops, Golkoy, Bolu, Turkey
4 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Ankara, TurkeyE-mail:
nghndmn14@outlook.com
Mediterranean Cereal cyst nematode Heterodera latipons (Franklin) is known as an important
plant parasitic nematode found widely in wheat and barley production areas in the
Mediterranean basin and causes economic losses.The most environmentally friendly method
to control these nematodes is the use of resistant germplasms. In this study, the reactions of
some wheat and barley genotypes against the population of Gaziantepof H. latipons were
investigated. The nematode-population, 22 wheat and 21 barley varieties were used. Each line
was germinated and planted individually in small tubes filled with 80 g soil mixture. 200 J2
nematodes for H. latiponswas inoculated to each tube on seventh day following the planting
day. Plants harvested after 9-16 weeks and the number of H. latipons cysts and juveniles (J )
2
per plant was counted. The results showed that 8 wheat (Adana 99, Izmir85, Ziyabey98,
Kaklıç88, Alibey, Troya, Uludag, Silverstar) and 6 varieties of barley (Hilal, Bayrak, Sahin-91,
Altikat, Cetin-2000, Silverstar) were resistant to the nematode population of Gaziantep.
Resistance markers were found from the resistant wheat genotypes including Adana99,
İzmir85, Kaşifbey 95, Ata81 and Uludağ and barley varieties; Flag, Kendal, Samyeli, Avcı-
2002, TARM-92 and Zeynelağa. The identified resistant wheat accessions revealed improved
levels of H. latipons resistance over current parents and may serve as an excellent genetic pool
to be used in an efficient Turkish wheat breeding programme.
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S3-PP-06
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Variation on susceptibility of wheat cultivar Sardari to root lesion nematodes,
Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus
Farhad Saeidi Naeiniand F. Jahanshahi Afshar
Nematology Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural
Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
fsn1350@gmail.com
Different population levels of two prevalent root lesion nematodes in wheat fields,
Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus were tested to determine the susceptibility of Sardari
wheat cultivar under greenhouse and microplot conditions for two successive years. Sardari is
one of the recommended and current wheat cultivars for rainfed wheat cultivation in cold and
temperate regionsin Iran. The nematodes were extracted from soil samples collected from
wheat fields, identified morphologically and molecularly. To provide enough population the
gravid females of both species were cultured on carrot disc. The population levels i.e. 0, 10, 20,
40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280 and 2560 nematodes/100g soil were subjected in a completely
randomized design with four replications. Plant and nematode dependent variables were
recorded. All data were analyzed in SAS 9.4 software and means were compared with
Duncan's multiple range tests. The results showed Wheat cultivar Sardari showed
susceptibility to P. thornei in terms of final nematode population and spike weight.
Pratylenchus neglectus not affected growth factors of wheat significantly in all initial
population levels however, showed some degree of tolerance. Although the economic
threshold for these two species varies greatly depending on the several conditions, the
economic damage threshold for P. thornei was estimated one nematode per 10 g soil and for P.
neglectus it was about 16 nematodes per 10 g soil. By increasing the initial population the rate
of nematode reproduction factor was decreased proportionally, the fluctuation range of this
variable in P. thornei is more than 88% compared to P. neglectus.
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S3-PP-07
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Screening of promising rice genotypes against Meloidogyne graminicola
K Kranti KVVS & Vinod Kumar
AICRP (Nematodes) in Agriculture, LBS building, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi
Corresponding author: K Kranti KVVS, E mail id:krantihau@gmail.com
Rice root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield is now reckoned as
a national problem as it causes the economic losses in upland, lowland, deep water rice and
nurseries. Most of the cultivars were found to be susceptible to M. graminicola as only limited
number of rice cultivars and breeding lines are found to be resistant. Screening of cultivars in
search of resistant germplasm is the only alternative to chemical pesticides specially for the
purpose of protecting crops against nematodes and for conservation of biodiversity. In this
context, AICRP (nematodes) has procured 35 lines from IIRR, Hyderabad for screening under
th
pot cultures. The experiment was terminated on 45 day of sowing and observations on average
number of galls and average egg and J2 population were recorded for rating the entries towards
the reaction to M. graminicola by calculating the reproduction index (RI) and based on it
reaction of each lines were determined. The varieties AR1, AR 15 and AR 32 are found to be
resistant with reproduction index 0.6, 0.98 and 0.75. The lines AR2, AR3, AR4, AR5, AR7,
AR9, AR11, AR12, AR14, AR16, AR17, AR19, AR20, AR21, AR27, AR29, AR30, AR34 and
AR35 were found to be moderately resistant as their reproduction index ranged in between 1.1-
2.0 and remaining lines were categorized as susceptible or highly susceptible. None of the
lines were found to be tolerant. These genotypes were also screened using Pluronic F- 127
which is co polymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. The results obtained are in
conformation with above mentioned in- vitro screening of nematodes in the soil.
35
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S3-PP-08
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Investigation of resistance to Pratylenchus penetransand P. thornei in international
wheat lines and its durability when inoculated together with the cereal cyst nematode
Heterodera avenae, using qPCR for nematode quantication
1* 2 2 3
Fouad Mokrini , Nicole Viaene , Lieven Waeyenberge , Abdelfattah A. Dababat ,
2
Maurice Moens
1Biotechnology Unit, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research, National Institute of
2
Agriculture Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco; Flanders Research Institute for
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant, Crop Protection, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan
3
96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
(CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey;
*Presenting author email:fmokrini.inra@gmail.com
The root lesion nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans and P. thornei cause high yield losses in
rain-fed wheat fields in Morocco, as well as worldwide. Growing resistant varieties is one of
the most effective methods for controlling nematodes. Therefore, a collection of 14 lines of
spring wheat and 11 lines of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum and T. durum), provided by
CIMMYT, were screened for resistance to P. penetrans and P. thornei in tubes (15 × 20 × 120
3
mm ) under green- house conditions. The resistance level was evaluated based on the numbers
of nematodes extracted from roots and soil 9 weeks after infestation. Three lines (L9, L12 and
L13) were found moderately resistant (reproduction factor < 1) to P. thornei and one of these
line (L9) was also moderately resistant to P. penetrans. To investigate the durability of this
resistance, we co-inoculated juveniles of Heterodera avenae, a cereal cyst nematode widely
present in Moroccan wheat fields, and assessed the reproduction of both lesion nematodes on
the three lines. Our results showed that the lines L9, L12, L13 remained moderately resistant in
the presence of H. avenae. Moreover, the numbers of Pratylenchus spp. were generally lower
when plants were co-inoculated with H. avenae. The number of P. penetrans or P. thornei were
determined visually using a microscope and with a qPCR assay. The counts with qPCR were
even lower than microscopic counts. These findings on resistance are promising but the field
performance of these lines against root lesion nematode attack should be evaluated.
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S3-PP-09
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
A scenario about climate warming with drought and heat tolerant wheat lines
resistance against Cereal Cyşt nematode, Heterodera filipjevi
1* 2 2 1
Osameh Atiya ,Abdelfattah Dababat , Gul Erginbas-Orakci , Halil Toktay
1Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,
2
Niğde, Turkey; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre - Turkey office P.K. 39
Emek 06511 Ankara, Turkey.
*Presenting author email:osamehatiya@yahoo.com
One of the most vital crops produced globally is wheat and variousbiotic and abiotic factors
may cause a decrease in its production. Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are plant parasites that
cause noteworthy harm to wheat. Yield losses of up to 50% can be caused by the CCN
Heterodera filipjevi and the cheapest and convenient control strategy is the use of resistant
hosts of wheat. Resistance to biotic stresses such as CCNs is considered the main criteria in
modern wheat selection. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center – Turkey
(CIMMYT) carried out this study with 257 international spring wheat lines that were
previously genotyped in Mexico for drought and heat resistance, were screened for their
resistant response to Heterodera filipjevi under monitored conditions (70% relative humidity,
25°C and a photoperiod of 16 hours) and evaluated against check cultivars with known
resistance. A growth mixture of sand, field soil, and organic matter (70:29:1 v/v/v) was used. A
3-day germinated seed of a sole line was inoculated with 250 J2/1 ml in a test tube (“Cone-
tainer” ™). The experiment had been conducted in 2 separate trials with 3 replications per trial.
The results indicate that 11 (4.28%) and 36 (14.01%) lines showed high and moderate
resistance response, respectively. This study was able to add new genetic sources of resistance
to Heterodera filipjevi for upcoming breeding programs.
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S3-PP-10
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Determination of host range of rice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola
Swarnakumari N*, P. Kalaiarasan and K. Poornima
Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003
*Presenting author email:swarnakumari.n@tnau.ac.in
Host range of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola was tested under pot culture
condition with different cereal crops. Seeds of test plants viz., paddy (PB 1121, Century Patna,
wild rice), onion (AFDR), sorghum (HC 136), bajra (HHB 67), brinjal (BR 112), tomato
(Sel.120), Egyptian crow foot grass, Dactyloctenium aegyptiumand red sprangletop,
Leptochloa chinensis were sown in pots (1kg capacity) containing sterilized soil. The freshly
hatched second stage juveniles (J2) of M. graminicola (Paiyur isolate) were inoculated with
1000 J2 / pot ten days after sowing. Observations were recorded 45 days after sowing. Egg
masses were counted by dissecting the infected roots and reproductive index was worked out.
The studies were conducted at two seasons. Based on the number of galls and reproductive
factor, the crops such as rice, onion, sorghum and bajra and L. chinensis were rated as host
plants with Rf value between 1.05 to 1.86. Highest level of infestation was recorded in paddy
(Century Patna) which showed 512 galls / root system with highest Rf value (1.86). While, the
other crops viz., tomato (selection 7), brinjal and D. aegyptium showed resistance reaction to
M. gramilnicola. No infestation was observed in tomato and brinjal whereas minute galls were
observed in D. aegyptium but Rf value was less than 1. Hence, tomato, brinjal and D.
aegyptium were rated as non-host of M. graminicola.
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S3-PP-11
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Session 4
Management strategies for cereal nematodes other than host
resistance
39
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
The science of nematode management: ananalysis of past, present and
futuretechnological developments in a world in transition
Richard A. Sikora
University Professor, Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil
Ecosystem Phytopathology and Nematology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53127 Bonn,
Germany.
Email: rsikora@uni-bonn.de
The science of nematode management has evolved rapidly over the past 50 years. It has
produced effective management systems that have led to significant improvement in plant
health. Research on the development of new technologies has added unique tools to integrated
management systems. The greatest area of technology adoption occurred on high value crops
in modern agriculture - often in temperate and subtropical climate zones and to a lesser extent
in the tropics and in subsistence agriculture. The evolution of these technologies over the time
and their adoption by growers in the period from 1970 to 2020 will be reviewed and
summarized in this presentation.
Anticipating the future needs of humanity will influence what types of research are needed and
ultimately how humanity feeds itself over the next 80 years. In the period between 2020 and
2050 the world population will increase from 7.7 to 10 billion and then in 2021 to more than 11
billion. Population growth will significantly reduce the amount of natural resources available
for food production and increase food insecurity. The farms that predominate in many tropical
and subtropical countries now average 1-2 ha and are underproductive. As rural and mega city
populations increase, farm size will decrease to 0.5-1 ha. This shift in available agricultural
land as a production resource will impact what needs to be done in nematode management
science.
Nematodes will play a more significant role in food production as cropping moves further
toward pure monoculture in order to feed the expanding populations. However, in many cases
nematode management systems for small scale farmers do not exist. Therefore the challenge to
nematology, especially as it pertains to wheat and maize, is the development of new
technologies and management approaches for the small and medium size farms of the future.
These complex problems will be outlined and discussed.
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S4-PP-01
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Effect of uopyram and oxamyl at different application times on the cereal cyst
nematode, Heterodera avenae under greenhouse conditions using natural and man-
made inoculation
1 1 2
Hafez, Saad L , I. Soliman , and K. Luff
1 2
29603 U of I Lane, Parma, ID 83660, USA; B23554 E 4000N, Kimberly, ID 83341
The cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera avenae Woll.is considered an important
nematode on wheat worldwide. H. avenae has been reported on wheat with different climatic
types. It is considered an important nematode in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Aldicard,
Spirotermat, and few other nematicides were tested for controlling CCN; however, no
nematicide is registered yet for this nematode in the U.S. Greenhouse experiments were
conducted to evaluate the effect of Velum Prime (Fluopyram) and Vydate (Oxamyl) on H.
avenae infecting the susceptible wheat cultivar (Alturas) using both artificial and natural
infection. Fluopyram at a rate of 6.5oz/a was very effective on reducing the mean number of
white females in both natural and artificial inoculation. In the artificial inoculation under
greenhouse conditions with initial inoculum level of 10 eggs/cc soil, no white or brown
females reproduced when Fluopyram was applied one week before inoculation and at
inoculation compared with a mean of 26.0 and 1.8 per plant to the white and brown females,
respectively in the untreated pots. Oxamyl was only effective when applied one week before
the artificial inoculation and no white or brown females reproduced. Fluopyram and oxamyl
caused the white females turn brown with few encysted eggs compared to untreated pots.
41
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S4-PP-02
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Management of Cereal Nematodes: A journey from Lab to Land
PANKAJ
Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi – 110 012
Cereals are the most important staple foods worldwide. The major cereals are wheat, rice,
maize, sorghum, millets, barley, oats, and rye. They are grown on nearly 60% of the cultivated
area in the world. Global dietary recommendations generally suggest the inclusion of cereals
as mainly whole-grain cereals as a part of a healthy eating pattern. Cereals are exposed to biotic
and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, plant-parasitic nematodes play an important
role in decreasing crop yield. The importance of these nematodes as yield-limiting pathogens
of wheat as well as rice has received increased recognition and attention in India in the recent
past.
Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are known to be a major constraint to wheat production in
several parts of the world. Significant economic losses due to CCNs have been reported. This
nematode was reported to be present in Rajasthan, NCR of Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, and other
wheat growing region in Uttar Pradesh. Since the use of resistance sources is one of the pre-
requisite for any breeding program, the cultivars/varieties of wheat were evaluated against the
CCN wherein the resistant genotypes have not been reported but while evaluating the varieties
from ARS, Durgapura (Rajasthan), the reported variety, Raj (MR-1) showed single dominant
gene for resistance. This variety was however, recommended for growing in Rajasthan areas
because of its high yielding character. This variety covered maximum area in the state. Other
chemical and cultural management practices were too recommended for the CCN
management along with the resistant variety not only in Rajasthan but also in adjoining state of
Haryana.
Similarly, the problem of rice root-knot nematode (RRKN) can't be ignored. These nematodes
infect both rice and wheat, due to which the recommendation of R-W rotation is of no use
especially for nematode management. However, traditionally wheat growing areas are facing
more nematode problems due to growing of direct-seeded or basmati rice. Similarly, the
conservation agriculture (CA), recommended in Northern India, has increased the incidence of
RKN in RWCS. Moreover, the abiotic factors do play a major role in the dissemination and
multiplication of the plant parasitic nematode. All these factors have to be taken care of for the
successful management of the nematodes in cereals. Current efforts are on for screening a total
immune variety/cultivar/land race against this dreaded pest of rice. Besides, resistance the
management options were tried from time to time. New and more efficacious and
environmentally safe chemicals have been tried along with technologies for more efficient
application. Integrated management of these nematodes was also successfully compared with
the traditional management practices which could be boon for the nematologists of the country.
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S4-PP-03
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Searching for rhizosphere microorganisms associated with a maize-
based cropping system to combat Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus
*
G Engelbrecht , CMC. Mienie, S Claassensand H Fourie
North-West University, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Private Bag
X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
*Presenting author email:gerhardengelbrecht38@gmail.com
Maize and soybean are among South Africa's top three grain crops and are usually used in
rotation systems. However, the presence of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus spp. in the fields of
some of our most important crops can cripple the maize and soybean production of the country.
Though, little is known about the soil microbial communities in maize and soybean roots with
relation to different levels of infestation by Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus spp. as well as the
interaction between the nematodes and microbial communities. Soil microorganisms do not
only provide plants with mutualistic associations by aiding in nutrient and water uptake.
Remarkably, it has been known that indigenous soil microbiome of plant roots is capable of
supressing root invasion and reproduction of plant-parasitic nematodes. The use of endemic
bacterial and fungal strains as an alternative method for the prevention of plant-parasitic
nematode infections can hence reduce the damage done to these economically important grain
crops. Therefore, this study aims to identify the nematode population composition
(assemblages) associated with a maze-based cropping system and determine if the endemic
rhizosphere microorganisms associated with the roots can control these plant-parasitic
nematodes.
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S4-PP-04
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
The potential of cyst nematodes: inhabiting endophytic nematode
antagonistic fungi
1 2 3 4
Samad Ashra , Abdefattah A. Dababat , Maria R. Finckh , Soleiman Helaly , Marc
4 1
Stadler , Wolfgang Maier
1 Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)—Federal
Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
2 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey
3 Department of Ecological Plant Protection, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences,
University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
4 Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI),
Braunschweig, Germany
Corresponding author:Samad Ashrafi (samad.ashrafi@julius-kuehn.de;
ashrafi.samad@gmail.com)
Parasitism caused by cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) is a major limiting biotic factor in cereal
cropping systems. Field observations in experimental wheat fields of the International Maize
and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in Turkey had revealed a sharp decline in
nematode populations of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi. Microscopic studies of
the cyst samples obtained from these fields regularly demonstrated the presence of fungi
colonising nematode cysts and eggs. It was hypothesised that these or other fungi could be
involved in the reduction of the population size of H. filipjevi. The study therefore aimed aimed
to i) isolate and identify new nematophagous fungi associated with nematode eggs by
establishing a specific isolation technique, ii) study the antagonistic interaction of these fungi
with H. filipjevi, iii) identify natural compounds produced by these fungi, and to evaluate their
nematicidal effect. A focused screening approach, in which only those nematode eggs
exhibiting symptoms of fungal infection were individually cultured, was applied. This
approach resulted in finding several new fungal species, including the recently described
species Ijuhya vitellina, Monocillium gamsii, and Polyphilus sieberi. Ijuhya vitellina and M.
gamsii belong to the families of Bionectriaceae and Niessliaceae, respectively and are the first
reports of nematophagous fungi within the genera Ijuhya and Monocillium. The fungal genus
Polyphilus was proposed to accommodate two species (P. sieberi and P. frankenii), of which
only P. sieberi was isolated from nematode eggs. This is the first case where a dark septate
endophyte (DSE) was shown to parasitise nematode eggs. In addition to these species, three
hitherto undescribed.
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S4-PP-05
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
pleosporalean species were isolated, two of which were also DSEs. All the new fungal species
could be successfully re-isolated from the eggs of artificially infected nematode cysts in
vitro,and Koch's postulates were thus fulfilled. Additionally, their antagonistic interactions
with nematode eggs were documented in detail using light microscopy: After penetrating the
eggshell and the body cuticle of developing juveniles inside the eggs, hyphae of I.vitellina and
M. gamsii developed and formed microsclerotia. These microsclerotia were rich in oil-like
droplets and germinated on artificial media. They are interpreted as long-term survival
structures. Parasitism of nematode eggs caused by P.sieberi as a DSE suggests a
multifunctional lifestyle that could potentially benefit the plant host by killing nematodes as
well as by transferring nutrients from colonised nematodes. Screening of Ijuhya vitellina has
resulted in identification of the natural compounds chaetoglobosin A and its derivative 19-O-
acetylchaetoglobosin A, as well as in structurally elucidation of several new peptides including
an arthrichitin-like lipodepsipeptide, and two peptaibols. The screening of the undescribed
pleosporalean strain DSM106825 resulted to identify the new cyclic lipodepsipeptide
ophiotine, two arthrichitin derivatives including artrichitin B and C, and a new xanthocillin-
like alkaloid, xanthomide Z. All compounds obtained were tested against H. filipjevi and
Pratylenchus penetrans, some of which showed moderate nematicidal effect.
45
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S4-OP-45
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Regulation of resistant Cre3 gene in interaction with the cereal cyst nematode,
Heterodera filipjevi
1* 1 2 3
Mehdi Nasr Esfahani , Marzieh Motamedi , Zahra Tanhamaa and Amer Dababat
1Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural ResourceResearch
2
and Education Center, (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran; Plant Protection Research Institute Tehran
3
(AREEO), Iran; CIMMYT-Turkey
*Presenting author email: mne2011@gmail.com
Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are among the most important nematode diseases limiting
production of small grain cereals like wheat, Triticum aestivum L. worldwide and Heterodera
filipjevi is a dominant species in Iran. Wheat carries genes for controlling pathogenic response
against cereal cyst nematodes. In this study the expressionchanges of Cre3 genes and
Peroxidase group, PRX (TaPrx111, TaPrx112)were analyzed on 11 resistant and susceptible
wheat accessions out of 43 screened ones with different reaction to H. filipjevi Isfahan
pathotype. Each of which, three replications were cultured in the pots and petri dishes, based on
a factorial design and inoculated with H. filipjevi larvae. RNA extractions were performed
using root samples of infected and control ones at 4 and 7 days after inoculation. The results of
qRT-PCR showed a significant difference between the nematode infected resistant wheat
accessions and control ones with expression of Cre3, TaPrx111 and TaPrx112 genes with 6.32,
20 and 8.71-folds four days after inoculation and 15.98, 5.93 and 16.59-folds after seven days
in comparison to controls, respectively. In leaf samples at 6 and 7 weeks after infection, the
expression rate of Cre3 gene in the treated ones with H. filipjevi was increased significantly by
8.85 and 9.77-folds in comparison with controls after sixth and seventh weeks, whereas for
TaPrx111 gene it was 3.74 and 5.93-folds and for TaPrx112, 4.16 and 6.11-foldsinresistant
wheat accessions respectively.
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S4-PP-06
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Media with the different utility to grow Catenaria anguillulae Sorokin: a facultative
endoparasite of nematodes
S.S. Vaish* and Bijeeta Thangjam
Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005, India
*Presenting author email: shyam_saran@rediffmail.com
Catenaria anguillulae is a ubiquitous facultative endoparasite of nematodes has almost all the
characteristics what an effective biological control agent must have. The present studies
exhibit the different media prepared keeping in view nutritional requirement of the fungus and
nutritional value of natural substrates. We report that the various media have been defined to
accomplish various objectives viz., cultural studies, effect of additives used in agriculture for
growing crops for their compatibility test with C. anguillulae, to have residue free growth for
molecular characterization, maintenance of the fungus with reduced number of sub culturing
and its mass culture. Attempts were made to categorise the media for the different uses. The
different medium/media showed their unique utility. The broth OS1 and M2 exhibited a thick
compact mat showing suitability to mass culture of C. anguillulae in liquid state. Similarly,
other media have also been categorized. However, the efforts are still being made to even have
solid media for its mass culture. The ultimate objective is having a suitable formulation to run
experiment on performance test for field application of the aforesaid facultative endoparasite
of nematodes.
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S4-PP-07
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola infecting
rice using nematophagous fungus, Talaromyces pinophilus
Aaliya Taiyab, Rami Kassam, Rajshekar R.P. *
and Uma Rao
Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012,
India
*Email:umarao@iari.res.in
Suppression of plant parasitic nematodes with nematode predators, parasites or antagonists is
an attractive and eco-friendly approach than the toxic chemical pesticides. In the present
study, several nematophagous fungi were isolated from rhizosphere soil of different crops
collected from various Indian states following baiting method and identified based on
morphological and molecular (ITS1 and ITS4) approaches. In-vitro evaluation of different
fungi belonging to Talaromycesspp, Arthrobotrys sp, Paecilomyces sp, Trichoderma spp
confirmed their ability to parasitize 2nd stage juveniles of Meloidogyne graminicola. Among
the several fungi evaluated, Talaromyces pinophilus was found to be quite promising. We
evaluated this in greenhouse against M. graminicola infecting rice cultivar PB1121 by adding
6
2×10 CFU before, simultaneously and after the nematode infection (one week gap). The
results showed that all the treatments reduced the visual symptoms in terms of number of galls
(16.29%, 74.72% and 59.31% reduction respectively) compared to only nematode treatment.
Derived multiplication factor was reduced by 26.66%, 10.00% and 21.81% over control when
fungus was applied before, simultaneously and after nematode inoculation respectively due to
the reduced number of females and total endoparasites. The performance of this fungus in
reducing nematode infection was found to be maximum in pot condition especially when both
fungus and nematode were applied simultaneously. Thus, the study established the potential of
T. pinophilus to manage M. graminicola as an alternative to chemical control under field. This
is the first report demonstrating the potential of T. pinophilus for the management of M.
graminicola.
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S4-PP-08
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
The impact of low tillage and crop rotation patterns on population density of cereal
cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, and wheat yield in Southwestern of Iran
1* 2 3
Ahmadi, A. R. , Tanha Maa Z. , and Dababat. A. A.
1Ahmadi Alireza: Agricultural Research, Education and Natural Resources Center of
Khuzestan, Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO);
2 3
Tanha Maafi Zahra: Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran-Iran; Dababat,
Amer Abdelfattah:CIMMYT, Ankara, Turkey
*Presenting author email:alirahmadi2000@gmail.com
Different types of tillage, crop rotation and crop residues retention are the key features in
conservation agriculture. The effects of different types of conservation tillage and cropping
pattern on the population density of Heterodera avenae and wheat yield was evaluated in a cyst
nematode infested wheat field in Khuzestan province. The experiment was designed as striped
plots in a split plot design with 5 treatments and 3 replications during 2014-18. The treatments
in the main plot consisted of wheat-fallow, wheat-maize, wheat-sesame and wheat alone and in
the subplot including conventional tillage (control), low tillage #1 (two passes of disc harrow),
low tillage #2 (chisel plowing), low tillage #3 (rotavator) and direct drill (no tillage) methods.
2
The dimensions of each plot were 10 × 3 m . Nematode population including initial, final
population and reproduction factor were calculated before planting and at harvesting times.
The results showed that wheat-fallow pattern had the lowest population of nematode
possessing the reproduction factor of 6, whilst wheat-corn, wheat alone and wheat-sesame had
the reproduction factor of 12, 12 and 27 respectively. Tillage patterns including the use of
rotavator, chisel plowing and two passes of disc harrow reduced 81, 49 and 16% of the
nematode population, respectively, while no tillage increased the nematode population by
61%. The interaction effects of different planting patterns and tillage methods on nematode
population showed that the wheat-sesame pattern, together with the use of rotavator, was the
most suitable option for reducing the nematode population and increasing the wheat yield.
49
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S4-PP-09
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Evaluation of Eco-friendly approaches in management of Cereal cyst nematode,
Heterodera avenae in wheat
Dr. S. P. Bishnoi
Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute (SKN Agriculture University), Durgapura, Jaipur -
302018; Email: satyapalbishnoi15@gmail.com
Cereal cyst Nematode, Heterodera avenae was reported for the first time in India from Sikar
district of Rajasthan (Vasudeva, 1958). Later on, its occurrence has been noticed from many
newer places in and outside the state. Now, it is a serious problem in eleven states of northern
India and 18 districts of Rajasthan. CCN occupies significant status in Rajasthan because of
lighter sandy soils and large area under CCN infestation (0.15 m ha causing about 2.5 m US
dollars losses every year. Sometimes, losses may attain 50-66% or above depend upon its
severity. Therefore, attempts have been made to find out eco-friendly management
approaches. An experiment was conducted at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute,
Durgapura, Jaipur in naturally infested soil. Inoculum level was 8.2 larvae/g soil of cereal cyst
nematode. The experiment consisted of seven treatments vizNeem cake 10q/ha (soil
application), Castor cake 10q/ha (soil application), Neem oil 10 ml/kg (seed treatment), Neem
cake 5 q/ha + Neem oil, Castor cake 5 q/ha + Neem oil, along with treated check (Carbofuran@
1.5 kg ai/ha) and untreated check (Raj 3765) in a completely randomized block design and
replicated thrice. The crop after attaining the age of 75-90 days was examined for number of
white cysts/plant in each treatment. The grain yield was taken at the time of harvesting of the
crop in each treatment separately. The results revealed that all the treatments gave significantly
higher grain yield with reduced number of cysts/plant over control. The maximum grain yield
(35.70 q/ha) was recorded in Neem cake 5 q/ha +half dose of Neem oil with 7.22 cyst/ plant)
with increase of 92.97% in yield followed by Neem cake 10 q/ha (Grain yield – 32.0 q/ha; 9.22
cysts/plant). Half dose of Neem cake (soil application) with neem oil (seed treatment) showed
its overall superiority by keeping the larval entry away from root and better plant growth may
be bacuase neem oil had nematicidal potential and cake might had increased the tolerance level
of the plant.
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S4-PP-10
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Does it take two to tango?: Interaction of Fusarium pseudograminearum and
Pratylenchus neglectus on wheat
1* 1 2
Christina Hagerty , Duncan Kroese , Inga Zasada
1 Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology,
2
Oregon State University; United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research
Service
*Presenting author email: Christina.Hagerty@oregonstate.edu
Pathogens are often studied in an isolated manner to gain an understanding of a single
pathogen's effect on a crop. However, in a practical field setting, pathogens rarely exist in
isolation. Fusarium pseudograminearum and Pratylenchus neglectus aretwo yield-limiting
pathogens with overlapping distribution in the 2-billion-dollar dryland wheat production
system of the PNW. The goal of this greenhouse study was to understand how F.
pseudograminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot and the root lesion nematode, P.
neglectus, interact and influence disease symptomology when co-inoculated on wheat. Winter
and spring wheat varieties were inoculated with ~400 mixed stage P. neglectus at 10 days after
planting. At 12 days after planting,150 mg of millet seed infested with F. pseudograminearum
was distributed on wheat seedling crown tissue. Thirteen weeks after planting, plants were
destructively harvested and rated for plant height, dry plant weight, Fusarium crown rot
damage, and dry root weight. The experiment was conducted with three replicates in 2018 and
five replicates in 2019. Pratylenchus neglectus reproduction was quantified by extracting
nematodes from roots and soil. Pratylenchus neglectus reproduction was lower when co-
inoculated with F. pseudograminearum, compared to treatments inoculated with P. neglectus
alone (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in Fusarium crown rot severity when co-
inoculated with P. neglectus compared to treatments inoculated with F. pseudograminearum
alone (p = 0.51). This study is part of an ongoing effort to evaluate risk factors and practical
disease management for dryland wheat producers.
51
Page
S4-PP-11
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Management of rice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola – a biological
approach
Debanand Das and B. N. Choudhury
Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13
e-mail: debanand2009@rediffmail.com)
Rice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola is serious nematode pest of rice,
particularly in upland rice, however their infestation is not negligible in low land nursery beds
and at early stages of deep water rice. This pest has been reported from all the rice growing belts
of India and is reported to be responsible for 17-30 per cent yield loss of rice. The severity of
this pest is likely to increase in the present day water efficient agriculture. M. graminicola can
be effectively managed by application of chemical pesticides, but use of pesticides is not
advisable owing to toxicity hazards. An attempt was made to manage this pest in upland rice
using three bacterial boicontrol agents, viz., Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus and Pseudomonas
fluorescens. The efficacy of these three bioagents were tested as basal application at 10 kg /ha.
A chemical check (caboruran 3G @ 1kg a.i/ha) and an untreated check was maintained for
comparison. Two years experimentation revealed that among the biocontrol agents,
application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10kg /ha could effectively managed the rice root
knot nematode, M. graminicola under field condition, followed by application of B. subtilis at
the same rate of application.
52
Page
S4-PP-12
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Utilisation of untargeted metabolomics to assist research of nematicidal Bacillus
species for potential use in grain crops
1* 2 1 1
G Engelbrecht , PJ Jansen van Rensburg , H Fourie and S Claassens
¹North-West University, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Private Bag
2
X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Focus Area: Human Metabolomics, North-West
University, South Africa, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
*Presenting author email:gerhardengelbrecht38@gmail.com
The well-known root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita is a major threat to the
global production of grain crops. Over the past few decades there has been increasingly more
research done on biocontrol agents using secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus species
as the active substance. These biocontrol agents are expected to substitute the harmful
chemicals used in the management of RKNs. However, the in vitro aspect of such research can
prove to be problematic. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profiles and
nematicidal activity of five known nematicidal Bacillus species (B. firmus, B. subtilis, B.
pumilus, B cereus and B. soli) when cultivated in two types of media, Luria-Bertani (LB) broth
as a complex medium and minimal broth (MB) as a simpler medium. To evaluate the effect of
medium composition on the nematicidal activity of the five Bacillus species, bioassays were
conducted by exposing M. incognita J2 to cell-free filtrates of the Bacillus species cultivated in
both MB and LB broth. The hyphenated metabolomics platform, gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) was then employed to determine the effect of cultivation media on
bacterial metabolism. Nematicidal bioassays revealed that cell-free filtrates of the Bacillus
species exhibited different levels of nematicidal activity when cultivated in different media
(complex vs. simpler). Untargeted metabolomics analyses also distinguished between
metabolite profiles of the different Bacillus species. As different metabolite profiles and levels
of nematicidal activity were observed for cultivation in MB and LB broth, it can be concluded
that cultivation media has an influence on the nematicidal metabolites produced by different
Bacillus species.
53
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S4-PP-13
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Efcacy of a Jordanian isolate of Fusarium equiseti on root knot nematode on wheat
Gharam abu Galeel, Luma Al Banna, Nida Salem, Sherene abu Zahra, and Adel Al
Abed*
Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan
*Presenting author email:
The efficacy of a previously characterized isolate of the fungus Fusarium equiseti, recovered
from cysts of a Jordanian isolate of the Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera
latipons against root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne javanica was evaluated. Laboratory
experiments showed that this fungal isolate inhibited egg hatching and caused 100% mortality
of the second stage juveniles (J2s) of the tested RKN species. The hatching inhibition effects
persisted even after transferring the egg masses to water. The growth chamber study indicated
that drenching the soil with a disc of the isolate of F. equiseti grown on potato dextrose agar
reduced root galling of wheat plants var. Rum caused by M. javanica by 47%, in comparison to
the untreated controls. Egg mass production was also reduced when compared to untreated
plants. Not only that the fungal isolate suppressed nematode and root galling, but also the
addition of the fungal isolates to the soil resulted in increasing both heights and foliage weights
of wheat plants compared with the untreated soil.
54
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S4-PP-14
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Management of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola infesting rice
N. G. Ravichandra, T. R. Kavitha and C. P. Manjula
All India Coordinated Research Project on Nematodes
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru - 65
*Presenting author email:
Rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola is a destructive nematode pest on rice
throughout the world causing potential yield loss. The losses caused by M. graminicola may
vary from 16-80 per cent. The diagnostic symptoms include stunted growth, yellowing and
knots on the roots. It is severe in the nursery, leading to collapsed non-transplantable seedlings.
A field experiment was carried out at K.R. Pet, Mandya district, Karnataka, India for the
management of M. graminicola in rice nursery. All the treatments were advocated in nursery
and the seedlings at appropriate age were transplanted in main-field (4 x 4 sqm with 4
2
replications). Dazomet @ 40g/m under polythene cover for 15 days recorded least number of
nematodes (13 galls/ seedling) in the nursery, that was comparable to soil solarization of
nursery bed with 25 microns polythene sheet at least 15 days during April - May (15 galls/
2
seedling). Highest yield was recorded in Dazomet @ 40g/m under polythene cover for 15
days (2.74 kg/plot) and soil solarization of nursery bed with 25 microns polythene sheet at least
2
15 days during April – May (1.87 kg/plot). Dazomet @ 40g/m applied to nursery plot coupled
with polythene covering for 15 days was most effective against M. graminicola in nursery
raised rice cultivation.
55
Page
S4-PP-15
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Management of rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) in transplanted
rice
Prakash Banakar and Anil Kumar
Department of Nematology, COA, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004
Rice root-knot nematode (RRKN), Meloidogyne graminicola extensively reduces rice yield
up to 70% under favourable conditions. The identification of effective chemical nematicides
for nursery and field use may be the suitable option to mitigate these underground enemies
where quick results are warranted. In the present study, experiment was laid out at farmer's
field infected with M. graminicola at village Mirkan (Hisar), Haryana continuously during
2015-16 and 2016-17 Kharif season. The initial nematode population of RRKN was 241 and
2
283 during 2016 and 2017 respectively. There were four treatments i.e. Dazomet @ 40g / m
under 25 µm polythene sheet (LLDP) 15 days before sowing of nursery, soil solarisation of
nursery bed, carbofuran @1kg a.i./ha at nursery sowing and untreated check. Observations
were recorded on initial nematode population before sowing in nursery, at the time of
transplanting in main field and after the harvest of the crop. The sowing of paddy (cv. Pusa -
2
1121) in nursery was done after soil solarisation. Application of Dazomet @ 40g / m under 25
µm polythene sheet (LLDP) 15 days before sowing of nursery reduced number of galls/20
seedlings (28%), nematode population /200cc soil (73%) and root population/5g root (44%)
over control. In main field also there was significant reduction in final nematode population in
soil as well as root after the harvest. Maximum per cent increase in grain yield (19% per ha) was
2
observed in case of Dazomet @ 40 g/m followed by soil solarisation. All other treatments had
also improved yield and reduced nematode population as compared to untreated check.
56
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S4-PP-16
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
A focused screening approach for isolation of new nematophagous fungi from
nematode eggs
1* 2 1
Samad Ashra , Abdelfattah A. Dababat , Wolfgang Maier
1 Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for
Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
2 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey
* Corresponding author: samad.ashrafi@julius-kuehn.de
The sedentary lifestyle of cyst nematodes may favour the parasitism of nematode antagonists
towards eggs and females. Each cyst provides a protected micro-environment for its egg
content as well as for the microorganisms which colonise it. During a 4-year project
investigating diseased cysts of Heteroderafilipjevi collected from naturally infected wheat
fields of CIMMYT (International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre) in Turkey, a single
egg based technique was established to isolate fungal strains directly from the symptomatic
eggs. The technique included collection of diseased eggs from each symptomatic cyst,
sufficient surface sterilisation steps, and individually plating single eggs on appropriate culture
media. The fungal pure culture isolated from a single nematode egg was used for DNA-based
identification. These sequences were then compared with the fungal DNA sequences directly
obtained from the single eggs exhibiting the same symptom to assess the identity of the
colonising fungal strain. This screening strategy resulted in the isolation of several new fungi,
some of which including Ijuhya vitelline, Monocillium gamsii, and the dark septate endophyte
Polyphilus sieberi were recently described, and several others are currently studied. Notably
all the obtained isolates are slow-growing fungi, which could have been overgrown by fast
growing strains if several eggs or a whole cyst had been plated.
57
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S4-PP-17
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
The natural antagonists of Heterodera avenae under various conditions of cereal crops
in Algeria
1 2* 3 3 4 5
D. Smaha , F. Mokrini , R. Daoudi-Assous , A. Adimi , A. Mokabli and A. Dababat
1Laboratory of Nematology, National High School of Agronomy (ENSA), El-Harrach,
2
Algiers, Algeria; UR-Integrated Crop Protection, National Institute for Agricultural
3
Research (INRA), Agadir, Morocco; Research Unit in Biology, M'HamedBouguerra
4
University, Boumerdès, Algeria; University of KhemisMiliana, Ain Defla, Algeria;
5International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Emek, Ankara, Turkey
* ; Presenting author email:nemaalg01@yahoo.fr fmokrini.inra@gmail.com
A study was carried out to determine the diversity of the microflora associated with the cereal
cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, in four cereal regions of Algeria. The isolation was mainly
targeted torward fungi associated to cyst nematodes. The isolation resulted in the identification
of six fungi: Fusarium sp., Penicillium spp., Verticillium spp., Rhizomucor spp., Rhizopus spp.
And Ulocladium spp. In all the prospected regions, Fusarium sp. was most frequently
associated with cysts. The highest diversity was observed at Dahmouni with the genera
Aspergillus spp.,Ulocladium spp., Rhizopus spp. And Rhizomucor spp. The in vitro test
showed that the metabolites of Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. parasitize
the eggs at a high rate and thus constitute potential agents for the control of H. avenae.
58
Page
S4-PP-18
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Evaluation of chemical nematicide, Dazomet against rice root knot nematode,
Meloidogyne graminicola in rice
P. Kalaiarasan, Swarnakumari. N* and K. Poornima
Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore – 641 00
*Presenting author email:swarnakumari.n@tnau.ac.in
Rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola is considered as an important nematode
parasite of upland, direct seeded and drip irrigated rice. It mostly infests nurseries and the
infested seedlings become unsuitable for transplanting. A field trial (var. ADT 39) was
conducted to assess the effect of Dazomet against M. graminicola. A M. graminicola infested
field was selected at Paiyur (clay loam), Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Initial nematode
population was assessed before initiating the trial (>1 J2 / g of soil). Two trials were conducted
in the same field. T Preliminary trial was conducted with reatments were given at nursery itself.
2
four treatments viz., dazomet (40g / m ), soil solarization, carbofuran and untreated control.
Results showed that the seedlings of dazomet treated plants recorded more shoot (48.3 cm) and
root length (13.4cm) compared to untreated seedlings (Shoot length - 21.3cm and 10.4 cm root
length). Minute galls were observed in all the treatments. Final nematode population in soil
was not significantly different in nursery but significant difference was recorded in main field.
Root-knot index was 2.8 in Dazomet treated field as against 4.2 in untreated control. With
respect to yield, there was no significant increase. However, it was 7.15-9.18% increase over
control. Based on the preliminary trial, one more trial was laid out in the same field with
dazomet alone. The observation revealed that the nursery treatment of dazomet considerably
reduced nematode population in main field to an extent of 69% in root and 26% in soil.
Nematode population was significantly lower in dazomet treated beds compared to untreated
control.
59
Page
S4-PP-19
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Eco-friendly management of Meloidogyne graminicola in transplanted rice
Vinod Kumar*, Anil Kumar and R. S. Kanwar
Departmf Nematology, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, 125004
*Presenting author email: vinodnagal09@gmail.com
A field experiment was conducted in a rice root-knot nematode infested field at village
Kunjpura (Karnal) during 2014-15 and 2015-16 kharif season. Initial nematode population
was recorded above threshold level during both the years. The results revealed that all the
treatments were significantly superior over check with respect to nematode population during
both the years. However, the treatment combination of soil solarization of the nursery beds
with 25 µm polythene sheet for 15 days during May (nursery) along with field application of
carbofuran @ 1 kg a.i./ha, 45 days after transplanting (DAT) was found to be the best
treatment. In this treatment minimum number of galls, final nematode population and
maximum yield were recorded. This was followed by nursery treatment with carbofuran as soil
application @ 0.3 g a.i./ha at nursery sowing in combination with carbofuran as soil
application @ 1kg a.i/ha at 45 DAT. Most favorable incremental cost benefit ratio (1:10.7) was
recorded in treatment combination with solarization of the nursery beds with 25 µm polythene
sheet for 15 days during May and carbofuran @ 1kg a.i/ha at 45 DAT. However, soil
solarization of the nursery beds with 25 µm polythene sheet for 15 days during May in
combination with carbofuran @ 1kg a.i./ha 45 DAT could effectively control the rice root-
knot nematode in transplanted rice.
60
Page
S4-PP-20
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Session 5
Use of molecular tools for research with CN (such as pathogen
diagnostics, phylogeny studies and host resistance
61
Page
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
A genome-wide association mapping study reveals QTL hotspots in Chromosome 2
and 4 of Oryza sativa conferring Meloidogyne graminicola resistance
1 1 2 2 2
Tushar K. Dutta *, Alkesh Hada , Nisha Singh , Vandna Rai , Nagendra K. Singh ,
1
Uma Rao
1 2
ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012; National Institute for
Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012
*Presenting author email: tushar.dutta@icar.gov.in
Rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola cause substantial yield loss in rice in
Southeast Asia. Host plant resistance is an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective mean
to mitigate M. graminicola damage in rice. Association mapping is a powerful tool to detect
associations between phenotypic variation and genomic polymorphisms in order to locate
quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for nematode resistance. In view of this, a genome-
wide association study of 272 rice accessions (comprising of wild rice, landraces and improved
cultivars) was performed with a 50K “OsSNPnks” genic Affymetrix single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) chip. Population structure analysis indicated that these accessions were
stratified into three major sub-populations. Overall, 40 resistant accessions were identified,
with 17 novel SNPs being significantly associated with phenotypic traits such as number of
galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass and MF per plant. Intriguingly, 2 QTL hotspots each were
id e ntified in Chro mosome 2 (SNPs loc a ted in genes LOC_ Os02g40 4 20 and
LOC_Os02g40460 were <40 Kb apart in physical distance with moderate LD (linkage
2
disequilibrium) of r= 0.5 among them) and Chromosome 4 (SNPs located in genes
2
LOC_Os04g50864 and LOC_Os04g50920 were <40 Kb apart with moderate LD of r= 0.45)
in Oryza sativa. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that several
marker genes flanking these regions were significantly (P< 0.01) upregulated in resistant
accessions and downregulated in susceptible accessions while infected with M. graminicola at
7 days post inoculation. The identified candidate genes will aid in future marker-assisted
breeding programs for nematode resistance.
62
Page
Session 5S5-PP-01
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Specic CaM gene expression in response to co-occurrence of soil borne diseases and
drought stress in wheat
1 1 1 2
Mahin Ahmadi , Atieh Behzadi , Neda Mirakhorli , Omid Ansari , Abdelfattah A.
3
Dababat
1 2
Department of Plant breeding & Biotechnology, Shahrekord University; Ecofibre
3
Industries Operations Ltd. Virginia, Qld 4014 Australia; Global Wheat Program,
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey
Plants naturally face many biotic and abiotic stresses that limit their growth and yield potential.
The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi interacts with the crown rot pathogen,
Fusarium spp. and cause significant yield loss and quality reductions in wheat crop,
particularly under drought stress in arid and semi-arid regions. Plants have developed certain
genetic defense mechanisms to survive under stressful conditions. Inducing early defense
response genes rapidly after plant exposure to any stimuli is the first round of plant defense.
2+
Ca performs as a second messenger in host plants in response to pathogen attack and abiotic
stresses such as drought, salinity and high temperature. Calmodulin (CaM) gene is one of the
2+
Ca sensors in plants in response to stresses and regulates the activity of effector proteins in
response to calcium signals. Herein, the expression pattern of CaM gene in root and leaves of
two wheat cultivars, 2-49 and Silverstar, having different levels of resistance/ tolerance to
diseases and drought stresses, under 8 different conditions was studied. Treatments included
drought stress, Heterodera filipjevi and Fusarium culmorum inoculation and their dual and
triple combinations. All these treatments applied to the root but both root and leaves were
sampled at 24 h, 48 h and 7 days post treatments for real time PCR analysis. Obtained results
showed that the CaM gene was up-regulated in response to different treatments in both organs
in both cultivars, 2-49 cultivar that is resistant to F. culmorum and Silverstar cultivar that is
resistant to H. filipjevi. The highest gene expression in root was observed at 24 h and was
induced in a high rate after 7 days in leaves because of systemic acquired resistance (SAR).
Furthermore, the highest CaM gene expression was obtained under triple combination of
drought, nematode and fungus stresses. Results of present study showed that combined
treatments caused a higher gene expression in wheat compared with single stress conditions
and cause high-level resistance. These results can be used for plant breeding and crop
improvement under combined drought and pathogen infection.
63
Page
Session 5S5-PP-02
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Identication of QTLs associated with resistance to Heterodera filipjevi by association
mapping in bread wheat landraces
1* 1 2 3
Zahra Majd Taheri , Zahra Tanha Maa , Kumarse Nazari , Khalil Zaynali Nezhad ,
4 5
Farshad Rakhshandehroo and Abdelfattah A. Dababat
1Nematology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection,
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran;
2Regional Cereal Rust Research Center, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, P.K. 9,
3
Menemen, Izmir, Turkey; Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Gorgan
4
University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; [ Department of
Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and
5
Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; [ International Maize and Wheat
Improvement Center, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
*Presenting author email: Majdtaheri@yahoo.com, Majdtaheri@iripp.ir
Heterodera filipjevi is one of the most important species belonging to Cereal Cyst Nematodes,
CCN which is widely distributed in wheat growing areas in Iran. Wheat landraces have shown
to be an important source of resistance genes. Many resistance genes have been identified so
far. Association mapping (AM), is known extremely for the identification of markers
associated resistance trait. Based on the genotyping results by 152K SNP chip, 188 wheat
genotypes provided by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
(ICARDA) were analyzed. After filtering, 10471 polymorphic SNPs were employed for
GWAS analysis. The chromosome no. 2B contained the most SNP markers (887), whereas No.
4D included the least (147). Population structure among wheat genotypes were investigated
using 840 SNP markers. Two sub-populations were represented by structure software.
UPGMA clustering analysis clearly distinguished the genotypes into two main groupsbased on
840 SNP markers as well. As a result, eleven markers were significant (p-value < 0.001) and
associated with resistance to H. filipjevi were detected on chromosomes No 2A, 3B, 4A, 4B,
5A. 5B, 5D and 6B. The linkage disequilibrium analysis for all significantly associated SNPs
showed that markers on Chromosomes 4A and 4B were in high intra-chromosomal LD, and
that the 11 SNPs could be reduced to 8. The present study demonstrated valuable sources of
resistance in studied wheat genotypes to the local population of H. filipjevi that could be used in
breeding programs and provided new resistance gene resources.
64
Page
Session 5S5-PP-03
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Host delivered RNAi of neuromotor functional genes mg-flp-1 and mg-flp-12 in Oryza
sativa L. against Meloidogyne graminicola
Alkesh Hada, Divya Singh and Uma Rao*
Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
* umarao@iari.res.com
Rice(Oryza sativa L.) is second most important staple food crop cultivated around the world.
The productivity of this crop is considerably hampered by rice root-knot nematode,
Meloidogyne graminicola in most of the rice growing countries. Modern nematode
management strategies based on various genes has established the potentiality of neuromotor
genes for their management. Here, we explored the utility of neuropeptide genes of M.
graminicola FMRFamide by identification and cloning of Mg-flp-1and Mg-flp-12, and host
delivered RNAi in rice using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The
presence and integration of hair pin gene construts in selected independently transformed
plants were confirmed by PCR, qRT-PCR, and Southern hybridization with an overall
transformation efficiency of 5.4%. Transgenic plants were further evaluated against M.
graminicola where phenotypic effect of host-delivered RNAi was evident from reduction in
average galls upto 33.85% in Mg-flp-1and 41.25% in Mg-flp-12 transgenics. This led to a
significant decrease in percentage of females that was 45.65─51.25% in case of Mg-flp-1 while
in Mg-flp-12 transgenics had 54.0─61.44%. This has also affected nematode fecundity both in
terms of number of egg masses produced (42.44─48.62% in Mg-flp-1 transgenics and
51.25─55.50% in Mg-flp-12 plants) and eggs/eggmass which was 51.50─58.33% in Mg-flp-1
65
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Session 5S5-PP-04
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Identication, molecular characterization and functional validation of Meloidogyne
graminicola effectors
*
Manoranjan Dash , Suhashini Sharma, Shaily Singhal, Alkesh Hada, Divya Singh,
*
Uma Rao
Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi,
Presenting author- manoranjan1993@gmail.com
Plant-parasitic nematodes secrete numerous proteins and other molecules called effectors into
their hosts that facilitate penetration and migration in the plant root, to prevent or counteract the
plant defence response, and to initiate or maintain the development of feeding sites. Nematode
effectors are primarily synthesized in oesophageal gland cells which are secreted in to host
cells via stylet. Effectors may also originate from other tissues such as amphids. Rice root-knot
nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola is a sedentary biotrophic endoparasite which is emerging
as a major pest in rice cropping system in upland, low land and direct seeded conditions.
Effectors characterized in root knot nematodes till date have been shown to mediate processes
essential for nematode pathogenesis. In this study, in silico mining from whole genome of M.
graminicola revealed 45 putative effectors among which 12 effectors were PCR amplified and
sequenced. In vitro knock down of two Meloidogyne secretory protein (msp) genes via RNAi
demonstrated the significant reduction in penetration of M. graminicola in rice root in PF-127
medium. Perturbation in development and reproduction of effector-silenced worms was also
observed. Further study on host interactors of these effectors will lead to better insights into
understanding of the molecular interactions between M. graminicola and rice. These effectors
can be utilized as targets for RNAi based control strategies to engineer transgenic plants that
may emerge as an environmentally viable option to manage this nematode problem in rice
growing areas in the future.
66
Page
Session 5S5-PP-05
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Pluronic gel PF 127 to study the life cycleof Meloidogyne graminicola infectingwheat
Divya Singh, Bhupal Hatzade and Umarao*
Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012
*umarao@iari.res.in
It is a prerequisite to stringently screen the crop germplasm against any target nematode to
identify the resistant germplasm for downstream utility either in resistance breeding program
or to elucidate the molecular interactions. Screening against nematodes in soil can often give
misleading results due to disease escape caused by various extraneous and experimental
factors leading to erroneous resistance scoring. Recent developments in in vitro screening have
demonstrated that such errors can be avoided. In view of this, we have developed an in vitro
method to screen wheat against M. graminicola using pluronic F-127. Pluronic F-127, a
copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, widely used in medical, pharmaceutical and
cosmetic field has also been shown to be useful to study nematode behaviour. In the present
study, we have found that M. graminicola could infect wheat plants causing terminal galls and
completed the lifecycle in about 16 days on wheat plants grown on pluronic gel similar to rice.
This established the utility of PF-127 for in vitro screening of wheat against M. gramnicola.
Further, M. graminicola has been found to be infecting wheat and has the potential to become a
serious problem in the rice-wheat cropping system in the country particularly considering the
climate change, this method of screening will be very useful to study the various parameters
responsible for successful parasitism on wheat so that precautionary measures can be taken to
avoid losses.
67
Page
Session 5S5-PP-06
th
7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Effect of invitro RNAi silencing of key genes of Heterodera avenae singly and in
combination
Pradeep Papolu, Divya Singh, and Umarao*
Division of Nematology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012.
*umarao@iari.res.in
Transcriptome of H. avenae was used to identify 40 pioneer genes which are involved in
various biological activities. The shortlisted genes were categorised into neuropeptides,
proteases, cell wall degrading enzymes and secretary proteins. All these target genes were
cloned from cDNA of second stage juveniles (J2s) and used for in vitro RNAi analysis. Freshly
germinated wheat seedlings were infected with CCN juveniles soaked in dsRNA of selected
target genes singly or in combination to establish the short and long term effects of gene
silencing. The results revealed that silencing of individual genes led to about 25-83% reduction
in penetration compared to control. Similarly, we have also observed 10 to 93% reduction in
number of cysts produced and 13- 93 % reduction in number of eggs per cyst in single gene
silenced nematodes. Likewise combinatorial silencing of two or three genes was found to be
most effective in reducing the number of cysts by 5 to 93% and eggs per cyst by 9 to 83%.
Finally multiplication factor was reduced by 10 to 30% in single gene knock-down studies,
while in combinatorial silencing of two or three genes it was 9 to 40%. These phenotypic
results were supported by perturbed expression of target genes as per RT-qPCR confirming
RNAi silencing. However genes belonging to CAZymes and secretary proteins showed
significant effect (singly or in combination) in reducing the initial host invasion, cyst formation
and number eggs per cyst. This information could be useful to understand the genetic basis of
some key functions of cereal cyst nematode and useful for its management.
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Session 5S5-PP-07
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Session 6
Cereal Nematodes genomes and parasitism genes
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Host delivered RNAi of selected genes of Heterodera avenae infecting wheat
1
Divya Singh, Pradeep Papolu, Rohini Sreevathsa and Uma Rao*
Division of Nematology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-
110012.
1ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012
*Corresponding author - umarao@iari.res.in
The cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera avenae, is a major biotic constraint for crop
production in wheat and barley growing regions around the world. Based on in silico and in
vitro RNAi analysis of 40 genes of H. avenae, five genes having crucial role in different
functions of nematode life cycle were selected for host delivered RNAi gene silencing. In this
study, transgenic wheat plants expressing hair pin constructs of these five genes of H. avenae;
cathepsin S, lectin, serpine, retinoid binding protein and chitinase were developed using
Agrobacterium mediated in planta transformation. Molecular characterisation of putative
transformants by PCR, qPCR and southern hybridisation confirmed the transgene integration
and expression. Further, evaluation of transgenic lines resulted in significant reduction in
multiplication factor of H.avenae. This is in conformation with the in vitro silencing effect of
the target genes in nematode parasitism. Thus the study established the key function of the
target genes in the life cycle of H. avenae that can be used for designing modern management
strategies in future.
Session 5 70
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Session 6Session 5S6-PP-01
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Announcement of draft genome of the seed gall nematode, Anguina tritici
1,2 3 3 3
Ashish Kumar Singh , Antara Das , Kuldeep Kumar , Sureshkumar Venkadesan ,
3 3 4 5 3
Ila Joshi , Deshika Kohli , Ramanna Koulagi , Animesh Kumar , Harsha Srivastava ,
3, 3 5 1*
Kishor Gaikwad Pradeep Kumar Jain , K.K. Mishra and Anil Sirohi
1Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New
2
Delhi-110012; [ Division of Crop protection, ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi
3
Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand 263601; [ ICAR-National Institute for Plant
4
Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012; [ Dept. of Plant Pathology, Punjab
5
Agricultural university (PAU), Ludhiana-141027; [ Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics
(CABI), ICAR - Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute-110012
*Presenting author email:anilsirohi@yahoo.com
Anguina tritici is a plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) from clade IV of phylum Nematoda,
causing Earcockle and Tundu disease of wheat. It is distinct from other PPNs due to its ability
to parasitize wheat seeds and having long-term survival ability under anhydrobiosis condition
within seeds. Genome of A. tritici thus, provides an opportunity to understand genomic basis
for adaptation to parasitize aerial part of the plant and may also provide information on life
longevity. The nematode has a small genome of 164 MB with 39,965 protein coding genes at
60-fold coverage deciphered using Illumina MiSeq platform. BUSCO provided quantitative
assessment for completeness of assembly with C: 36.6% [S: 35.5%, D: 1.1%], F: 14.8%, M:
48.6%, n: 982. Repeat analysis using repeat masker revealed 1.28 % repeat coversof total A.
tritici genome. Comparative genomic analysis was also performed with other available PPN
genomes. We were able to predict the annotation of about 62% of the protein coding genes
while remaining 38% were uncharacterized. Orthofinder inferred rooted species phylogenetic
tree showed that A. tritici and Ditylenchus destructor share a common recent ancestor
(monophyletic group) with each other as Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Caenorhabditis
elegans and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus during different speciation event in the lineage. Key
genes involved in various biological process including effectors, peptidase, CAZymes etc.
RNAi and anhydrobiosis have been predicted for A. tritici. The Genome sequence data of A.
tritici will serve as an important model for understanding seed parasitism and anhydrobiosis in
future.
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Session 6Session 5S6-PP-02
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Improvement of rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola draft genome
1 2 2 1
Vishal Singh Somvanshi *, RoliBudhwar , Rohit N. Shukla , Uma Rao
1 2
ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012; Bionivid Technology
Private Limited, 209, 4th Cross, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore-560043
*Presenting author email: vishal.somvanshi@icar.gov.in
Meloidogyne graminicola, the rice root-knot nematode, is a major biotic stress for the rice crop
in India, especially under upland, rain-fed lowland and irrigated rice cultivation conditions. It
is known to cause up to 100% damage to the rice nursery. However, options to manage this
nematode are scarce. The application of genomics and transcriptomics in plant protection has
opened up avenues to identify new targets using the genome information, and to develop
innovative nematode management strategies. Previously we published the first draft genome
for M. graminicola using the Illumina GAIIx platform, and reported the genome size to be of
38.18 Mb with 4304 contigs. The genome completeness assessment by BUSCO showed that
out of 303 conserved eukaryote genes, 73.6% were fully present (Complete and single-
copy=72.6%; Complete and duplicated=1.0%), 15.2% were partially mapped and 11.2% were
missing. Here, we report the improved draft genome for M. graminicola by using PacBio RSII
platform. The preliminary assembly by Falcon resulted in a 55 Mb assembly with 1388 contigs
and N50 value of 61.9 kb. Further improvement in the assembly by using Falcon Unzip,
purging haplotigs, and two rounds of polishing by using short, and short and long reads,
respectively, resulted in an assembly of 35.9 Mb size (487 contigs), with N50 of 109 kb. The
genome completeness done as above showed complete presence of 77% genes (Complete and
single-copy=67.9%; Complete and duplicated=9.5%), whereas 7.5% partially mapped and
14.5% genes were missing. We are further improving the genome prior to the tertiary analysis.
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Session 6Session 5S6-PP-03
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
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Suberine a complex biopolymer in the rice root forming a protective
barrier against Meloidogyne graminicola
Divya Singh, Shiva Kumar, TN and Uma Rao*
Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012
*umarao@iari.res.in
Rice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola is known to cause significant yield losses
in rice. Nematode chemosensation is a vital component of their host-seeking behaviour as
plant root exudates released into the rhizosphere contain many chemicals which can attract
nematodes vis-a-vis to locate their host. In the present study, chemotactic response of M.
graminicola juveniles was analyzed towards root exudates of six rice varieties/genotypes i.e.
PB 1121, Vandana, Suraksha, Phule Radha, EK-70 and Khalibagh using agar-pluronic gel-
based assay. PB1121 and Phule Radha were found to be more attractive as compared to the
other four varieties/genotypes. However, nematode penetration was least in Phule Radha
indicating the presence of a physical barrier for nematode infection. Fluorol yellow 088
staining of root sections of PB1121 and Phule Radha revealed deposition of high content of
suberin in their endodermis in the later forming a physical barrier. This was further confirmed
by differential expression of genes involved in suberization using qRT-PCR that showed
relatively higher expression of suberin related genes in Phule Radha as compared to PB1121.
This demonstrated that hindered nematode penetration in Phule Radha was due to suberization
of endodermis. Additionally, delay in giant cell formation was also observed in Phule Radha
compared to PB 1121. These findings can be utilized for understanding the intricate plant
nematode interactions which in turn could be beneficial for the development of novel
nematode control strategies.
Session 6Session 5S6-PP-04
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7 International Cereal Nematodes Symposium 2019, New Delhi, INDIA
Organizers:
Dr. Uma Rao, Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New
Delhi, India; (email: )umarao@iari.res.in
Dr. Amer A. Dababat, CIMMYT, Ankara, Turkey; (email: )a.dababat@cgiar.org
Scientic Committee:
Dr. TrilochanMahapatra, Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and
Education,and Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India.
Dr. A. K. Singh, Director, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
Dr. A. K. Singh, Joint Director (Research),ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New
Delhi, India
ADG (Plant Protection), Indian Council ofAgricultural Research, New Delhi, India
Dr. Uma Rao, Head, Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute,
New Delhi, India
Dr. Abdel Fattah Dababat, CIMMYT, Ankara, Turkey
Dr. Arun Kumar Joshi, CIMMYT, Delhi, India
International Scientic Committee
Dr. Abdel Fattah Dababat–CIMMYT, Ankara, TURKEY, Email: a.dababat@cgiar.org
Dr. Uma Rao, Head, Division of Nematology, Division of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, India
Prof. DeliangPeng– IPPCAAS, China, Email: dlpeng@ippcaas.cn
Prof HalilElekcioglu– Cukurova University, Turkey, Email: halile@cu.edu.tr
Prof. John Jones – SCRI, UK, Email: john.jones@scri.ac.uk
Dr. Julie Nicol– CIMMYT International, Email: j.nicol@cgiar.org
Prof. Maurice Moens– ILVO, Belgium, Email: maurice.moens@ilvo.vlaanderen.be
Prof. Richard Smiley – OSU, USA, Email: richard.smiley@oregonstate.edu
Dr. Zahra TanhaMaa– Iran, Email: tanhamaafi@yahoo.com
Local Organizing Committee:
Dr. Uma Rao, Head, Division of Nematology,Division of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, India
Dr. ArunKumar Joshi, CIMMYT, Delhi, India
Dr. Anil Sirohi, Principal Scientist, Division of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, India
Dr. GautamChawla, Principal Scientist, Div. of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, India
Dr. M. R. Khan, Principal Scientist, Div. of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, India
Dr. M. Jayanthi, Principal Scientist, Division of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, India
Dr. Vishal Singh Somvanshi, Senior Scientist, Div. of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, India
Dr. T. K. Dutta, Scientist, Div. of Nematology, ICAR-IARI, India
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