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International Journal of Research Studies in Education
2021 Volume 10 Number 5, 61-72
© The Author(s) / Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND
Strategic intervention material: A tool in enhancing grade
nine students’ mathematical performance
Arpilleda, Alcher J.
St. Paul University Surigao, Philippines (ajarpilleda@gmail.com)
Received: 4 September 2020 Revised: 15 January 2021 Accepted: 23 January 2021
Available Online: 27 January 2021 DOI: 10.5861/ijrse.2021.5051
ISSN: 2243-7703
Online ISSN: 2243-7711
OPEN ACCESS
Abstract
The goal of every teacher is to make every learner understand and apply the lessons learned
from the class, but, this goal may not be met if students themselves find it hard to understand
the lessons in Mathematics. One of the ways to help the learners achieve success in learning is
through the use of a strategic intervention material. Thus, this study aimed to determine the
effectiveness of the Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Integrated Mathematics 9 on
Positive, Zero, and Negative Integral Exponents. It described further the significant difference
on the level of performance of the seventy-seven (77) Grade 9 students under the two groups
(control and experimental) in the pre and post-test. T-test was employed to test significant
difference in the test results and the groups where they belong. It was concluded in the study
that the strategic intervention materials gave a positive impact in mastering the least-learned
competency identified as reflected in the post-test results of the two groups. Thus, the school
may conduct training, programs and activities that will enhance more the skills of the teachers
in crafting strategic intervention materials to aid the students’ needs most especially on
mastering the least learned competencies.
Keywords: exponents; least-learned competency; mathematical performance; strategic
intervention materials
Arpilleda, A. J.
62 Consortia Academia Publishing
(A partner of Network of Professional Researchers and Educators)
Strategic intervention material: A tool in enhancing grade nine students’ mathematical
performance
1. Introduction
Every teacher aims to make every learner understand and apply the lessons learned from the class to their
daily lives, but, this may not be met if students themselves find it hard to understand the lessons in Mathematics.
According to Kautzman (2012), many students these days seem to struggle more and more with math, it could be
the standards are growing in difficulty, and there are more requirements for the students. Math intervention
strategies are needed and used to help students who are struggling or having difficulty succeed for whatever
reason. Van-de Walle (2007) found out that students perceive exponents as challenging, unnecessary and
complicated concepts and also, they think that exponents have no connection with everyday life. With the
different rules or laws of exponents, students tend to experience problems in remembering these rules.
Students have many conceptions in learning Mathematics which hinders them to progress and study the
subject (de Gracia, 2016). Kautzman (2012) added that when students are struggling, teachers should use various
assessments to identify areas of need, and they should use the data that they obtain to choose interventions.
These interventions can help the students achieve and master the competencies in targeted and structured ways.
To help them achieve success in learning, one of the ways found to be effective is through the use of a strategic
intervention material (SIM).
Strategic intervention materials aid learning and are used for the mastery of the least-learned competencies.
These materials consist of activities and simple interactive discussions where students can study and explore on
their own. With these features and uses of the strategic intervention material, the researcher is prompted to
conduct this study to determine its effectiveness in enhancing the mathematical performance of the students,
specifically on positive, zero and negative integral exponents in Mathematics 9. The findings of the study will
serve as the basis or reference of the school for further improvement and enhancement of the instructional
delivery if there is a need, especially in the use of intervention materials to increase and boost the performance
and mastery of the students on the concepts discussed.
1.1 Statement of the problem
The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Mathematics
9 on Positive, Zero, and Negative Integral Exponents. Specifically, this sought to answer the following:
What is the level of performance of the pupils in the control and experimental group in terms of
pre-test and post-test?
Is there a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results of the control and
experimental groups?
Is there a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the pre-test and
post-test?
1.2 Hypothesis
At .05 level of significance, it is hypothesized that:
H
o1
. There is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results of the control and
experimental groups.
Strategic intervention material: A tool in enhancing grade nine students’ mathematical performance
International Journal of Research Studies in Education 63
H
o2
. There is no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the pre-test and
post-test.
1.3 Significance of the study
The study aimed to determine the level of effectiveness of using Strategic Intervention Material in teaching
positive, zero, and negative integral exponents. The result of the study would be more significant to the students,
Mathematics teachers, parents, school administration, and future researchers.
Students - This study would give them an idea on how students learn using an intervention material and by
just using the traditional delivery of instruction. This would also be a great help to students because this could
give them motivation on how to cope with their struggles in learning Mathematics concepts.
Mathematics Teachers - The findings of this study would help and motivate them to think of another
intervention material that could address the learning needs and difficulties of the students.
Parents - The findings of the study might encourage the parents to work hand-in-hand with the teachers in
achieving the success of their child or children.
School Administrators - The findings of the study would lead them to plan for effective strategies and
interventions that would cater to the academic problems of the students. This would also motivate them to
organize seminars/training on the making of strategic intervention materials.
Future Researchers - This study might serve as their reference in the conduct of future relevant researches.
1.4 Scope and limitations of the study
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Mathematics 9
on Positive, Zero, and Negative Integral Exponents. This study was conducted during the SY 2017-2018 to the
Grade 9 students of St. Paul University Surigao-Basic Education Department.
2. Review of related literature
This section presents related articles, literature, studies for the purpose of introducing ideas and concepts
that provide linkage to the present study.
2.1 Learning mathematics
Exponents as illustrated by King (2017) are a fundamental math tool that one should learn, but a lot of
people continue to struggle with them all the way which is totally understandable, because exponents, not to
mention related operations like fractions and radicals, can be really tricky. Sherman et al. (2014) pointed out that
the major component of the child-centered, systematic teaching approach is content. To dissimilar learners,
learning the discipline of mathematics presents many challenges. Students often consider and term Mathematics
as the “gatekeeper” of success. This hinders them to graduate from high school and eventually succeed in their
careers. Learning mathematical skills will help one to make decisions thus, a lack of this sufficient mathematical
skill and understanding affects one’s ability to make critically important educational, life, and career decisions.
There are many reasons of why students fall or fail in mathematics. When asked, many people would
respond that they “never understood math,” or “never liked it because it was too abstract and did not relate to
them,” thus, they were not as successful in learning mathematics. Sherman et al. (2014) as cited by Tañedo (n. d.)
in her presentation on etiology of mathematics learning pointed out those opportunities for concept building,
relevant challenging questions, problem solving, reasoning, and connections within the curriculum and
real-world situations should be provided for an effective Mathematics instruction. Using rote memorization will
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lead the students to experiencing difficulty recognizing and retaining math concepts and generalizations.
In the K to 12 Framework, contents are arranged in a spiral progression. Doing such, the learners have the
opportunity to deal with content developmentally over time, as learners learn at different pace. Concepts can be
built upon and related to previous learning in their previous years throughout the curriculum. Students, as they
progress, become more proficient and experienced in learning mathematics and its concepts. Moreover, Sherman
et al. (2014) added that underachieving students are frequently assigned repetitious and uninteresting
skill-and-drill work each year in order to teach them “the basics.” This type of work often represents a limited
view of mathematical foundations and a low level of expectation of students’ abilities. It limits opportunities to
reason and problem solve.
The gap between learner and subject matter - When the mathematics content being taught is unconnected
to students’ ability level and/or experiences, serious achievement gaps result. If students are absent frequently or
transfer to another school during the academic year, this situation will likely occur. A student may find the
mathematics curriculum to be more advanced or paced differently compared to what was being taught in the
previous school. Without intervention strategies, students could remain “lost” for the duration of their education
(Sherman et al., 2014). Furthermore, here are some tips in learning mathematics especially algebra where
exponents also belong and he suggested the following activities or tips: Video Clips and Webinars, Let your
natural curiosity allow you to explore, Avoid Relying on Memorization, Learn Basic Algebraic Notation, Focus
on Conceptual Understanding, and Learn to Evaluate Expressions (Borenson, 2011).
2.2 Intervention materials
Kautzman (2012) as presented in the NCTM standards stated that early and appropriate identification is
important for students at all levels of achievement. Any student may require intervention as he or she works with
mathematics. Even those students who are excellent in one topic may require the support of intervention in other
topics. When students are struggling, teachers should use various assessments to spot areas of need, and that they
should use the information that they obtain to decide on interventions that may help the learners move in targeted
and structured ways to greater and brighter success with important concepts and mathematical ideas.
Kautzman (2012) added that interventions have many models and are flexible in nature. They can be carried
out in the classroom setting as well as in tutoring or tiered support sessions conducted by tutors or mentors.
Regardless of the model, intervention should put premium on supporting students' understanding through explicit
instruction anchored on diagnostic assessments. Intervention should strengthen conceptual and procedural
knowledge to close an existing gap so students can move smoothly to and make connections with other
mathematics. The long-term goal of intervention should be to assist students gain independent strategies and take
responsibility for his or her own learning. This approach to intervention ends up with an emphasis on bigger
ideas in mathematics and their applications so important skills do not become trivial, isolated, or fragmented.
Moreover, every intervention model relies on teachers' knowledge of mathematics content and
evidence-based teaching strategies, ensuring that people who deliver interventions can take advantage of
students' prior mathematics knowledge. An educator who uses multiple models and ways of sequencing or
structuring topics can present rich adaptations of the mathematics content to support students' needs effectively
(nctm.org, 2011).
2.3 Strategic intervention materials
Strategic Intervention Material, according to (Bunagan, 2012) tries to increase and deepen skills, knowledge
and understanding from concrete to what is more abstract. It gave students the chance to explore their
understanding and add up of those new ideas. Furthermore, an intervention material meant to recall the concepts
and skills to assist and help the learners master a competency-based skill which they were not able to develop
during classroom discussion. Dy (2011) also defined Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) as a teaching aid
Strategic intervention material: A tool in enhancing grade nine students’ mathematical performance
International Journal of Research Studies in Education 65
introduced into the teaching methods to stimulate the activity of the students and thereby increase their level of
understanding.
The Department of Education prescribed the use of Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) to boost students’
achievements and reduce least mastered skills in Mathematics subjects. Different studies have shown that the
utilization of SIM successfully decreased the least mastered skills in Mathematics subject; thus, poor
performance is addressed. Furthermore, SIM is an instructional material prescribed by the Department of
Education (DepEd) to boost students’ performance in Mathematics subjects. To promote successful learning
within the field of Science and Technology subjects in both elementary and secondary among public schools,
DepEd provided the teachers with training and workshop on how to prepare this intervention material.
To promote and encourage teachers to use and develop intervention materials, SIM making for Math
teachers was included by the Department of Education in the annual Mathematics Fair as one of the contests in
in the school, division, region, and national level competitions. DepEd Memo No. 225, s. 2009 enclosure No. 2
There are criteria and areas to be considered in making Strategic Intervention Materials in Mathematics. The
parts of the SIM are title card, guide card, activity card, enrichment card, assessment card, and reference card. In
a Strategic Intervention Material (SIM), alignment of activities with the tasks/objectives is ensured and
guaranteed. Activities are kept short and simple for the learners to easily work independently; variety of
activities are provided as well to cater to the diverse learners of different intelligences and leaning styles; and a
number of activities are also provided so that the learner can have enough practice and time in developing the
skill and focus on the least mastered skills. Each intervention material has five parts such as the guide card,
activity card, assessment card, enrichment card and reference card. The overview of the lesson, learning
competency and subtasks about the entire SIM are found in the guide card; activities to concretize learning
competencies and to develop the mastery of the least-mastered skill are provided in the activity card; the
assessment card provides exercises that will assess and check the level of mastery of the skill upon the
completion of the activities and tasks given; the enrichment card provides activities that reinforce the content of
the lesson to make learning meaningful; and the reference card lists resources found in the whole material or
card that the learner may refer for further reading and learning.
Furthermore, the topics used in a Strategic Intervention Materials (SIM) should be competency-based
specifically least mastered competencies as identified during assessments and it should follow the Bloom’s
taxonomy guidelines especially in checking for the level of comprehension – may it be remembering,
understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating or creating. Activities, content and skills must be aligned at all
time to get the desired result. It should be validated before using it in the class and it should be easy to copy.
Materials used must improve mastery level as it is its main purpose in order to increase students’ academic
achievement in learning Mathematics and in other subject areas as well.
2.4 Effectiveness of strategic intervention materials
There are numerous studies conducted on the effectiveness of strategic intervention materials in mastering
the competencies set by the Department of Education. Alboruto (2017) in her study on Beating the Numbers
through Strategic Intervention Materials (SIMs): Innovative Science Teaching for Large Classes, found out that
the use of SIMs significantly contributed to the mastery of science concepts and also to the development of
science process skills. She used experimental research design where students were grouped into two – the control
and experimental group. Similar to the method being used in this research, the experimental group was given the
Strategic Intervention Materials as an aid for learning. She also concluded that the project [strategic intervention
material] is effective in improving student performance. Villonez (2018) also concluded that the employment of
SIM was better and effective than the use of traditional method in teaching some topic in science.
In addition, Salviejo et al. (2014) in their study on Strategic Intervention Material-Based Instruction,
Learning Approach and Students’ Performance in Chemistry also found out that the use of SIM-BI is effective to
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improve students’ performance and learning approach. A descriptive-experimental design was used in their study
where the students were grouped into deep and surface learners using the Chemistry Learning Approach
Inventory. Dumigsi and Cabrella (2019) in their study on Effectiveness of Strategic Intervention Material in
Mathematics as Remediation for Grade 9 Students in Solving Problems Involving Quadratic Functions also
found out that the Strategic Intervention Material was effective as a remediation tool for Grade 9 students in
solving problems involving quadratic functions. Quasi-experimental design was used where the two groups took
pre-test and post-test.
SIM can also be very acceptable, applicable, and useful to the potential users. Regarding the use of SIM in
Mathematics IV for the fourth year students, Herrera & Soriano (2016) revealed that the students easily mastered
the least learned topics. Furthermore, Blalock (2010) described SIM as a competency-based academic support
approach which will help students in upper elementary, middle high school, and higher education become
independent and successful learner.
3. Materials and methods
3.1 Research design
The researcher employed descriptive and experimental methods of research. Descriptive research was
deemed appropriate because this is probably the best method that is available to use in collecting data for the
purpose of determining the curricular validity of the Strategic Intervention Materials (SIM). In addition, the
experimental method of research was also used by the researcher in this study because there were two groups
used, the control and experimental group, respectively. The two groups were exposed to different classroom
settings to test significant differences between the groups.
3.2 Participants
The students in two classes in Mathematics 9 handled by the researcher were the respondents in this study.
They were the Grade 9 students of St. Paul University Surigao-Basic Education Department who were enrolled
for the school year 2017-2018. There were 77 student-participants where 38 of them are in the control group
while 39 are in the experimental group. The average grade in the first quarter in Integrated Mathematics 9 served
as the basis in selecting and grouping students as to who should belong to the control or experimental class.
3.3 Instrument
The Pre-Test/Post-Test and the Strategic Intervention Material were used by the researcher in conducting the
study.
Pre-Test/Post-Test - A 15-item test was made by the researcher in which the questions were taken from the
books used as references of the material. This was designed to measure the level of understanding on the lesson
chosen by the researcher which is exponents. The test items for the two tests (both pre- and post-test) were the
same. Both the control and experimental groups took a pre- and post-test. The tests were the same; however, the
experimental group was exposed to the use of the Strategic Intervention Material developed by the researcher
while the control group used the traditional way of teaching. The traditional way of teaching uses lecture method
for the whole class duration while that of the experimental group, different activities were employed along with
the strategic intervention material.
Strategic Intervention Materials - These are the materials used by the researcher to aid the learning of the
students. This would help increase the performance or the mastery level of the students on the topics identified as
least-learned or least-mastered. If the passing rate below 75% in the assessment conducted, then, the competency
is considered as least-learned. The intervention material consists of five parts. These are guide card, activity card,
Strategic intervention material: A tool in enhancing grade nine students’ mathematical performance
International Journal of Research Studies in Education 67
assessment card, enrichment card, and reference card. The overview of the lesson, learning competency, and
subtasks about the entire SIM are found in the guide card; the activity card contains varied activities to
concretize learning competencies and to enhance the mastery of the skill.; the assessment card contains exercises
that will assess the level of mastery of the skill upon the completion of the task(s).; the enrichment card contains
activities that reinforce the content of the lesson; and the reference card lists resources found in this card that the
learner may refer to for further reading.
3.4 Data gathering procedure
The researcher presented the idea to the Subject Team Leader in Mathematics and discussed with her the
conduct of the research. A proposal was made and was to the Assistant Principal for Junior High School. With
the consent of the Assistant Principal, the researcher then sought approval from the principal about the same
matter. After the approval, the researcher met the Mathematics Teachers with the Subject Team Leader to
identify the least mastered skills in Mathematics IX and found out that mastery level was not achieved by the
students in the previous years (2016-2017) and this school year. The orientation of the student-participants
followed. Then the conduct of the tests started. The same set of tests was given to the two groups - control and
experimental group, however, experimental group was given the intervention material. And their scores in every
treatment were tallied and interpreted to determine whether there were significant differences in their mean
scores in the pretests and posttests.
Experimental Phase - There were two classes used as participants by the researcher, a total of 77 students
were involved in the study. The control class consists of 38 students while the experimental group has 39
students. On one hand, a traditional approach using a lecture method was used in the control class. On the other
hand, the strategies and activities included in the Strategic Intervention Materials (SIM) were used in the
experimental class.
The researcher developed first the Strategic Intervention Materials (SIM) in Mathematics 9. This is on
Positive, Zero, and Negative Integral Exponents. In gathering materials and information, the researcher
considered the following phases:
Preliminary Phase - The first part included the identification of the least mastered competency, those
below 75% passing in the assessment conducted. Then, the researcher gathered the learning resources
to be used in the Strategic Intervention Material.
Preparation Phase - Preparation phase is the second phase where activities and tasks were prepared.
The topic that will be used for the material was identified and then, the researcher prepared the
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM). It contains the five namely: the guide card, activity card,
assessment card, enrichment card, reference card and the answer key card.
Evaluation Phase - The last phase was the evaluation phase which was conducted to determine the
effectiveness and acceptability of the material. To evaluate the Strategic Intervention Materials
prepared by the researcher, the three (3) Mathematics teachers as respondents were given a
questionnaire using a 5-point scale. The result of the validation done by the teachers was 4.91 which is
qualitatively described as Very Evident. The qualitative interpretations uses the 5-point scale which is
presented as follows:
4.20-5.00 Very Evident (VE)
3.41-4.19 Evident (E)
2.61-3.40 Moderately Evident (ME)
1.81-2.60 Less Evident (LE)
1.00-1.80 Least Evident (LE)
These interpretations were based on the standardized criteria prepared and issued by the Bureau of Secondary
Education (BSE) and the Department of Education (DepED).
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3.5 Data analysis
To determine the effectiveness of the strategic intervention material in enhancing the performance of the
students in positive, zero, and negative integral exponents, the following statistical tools were utilized:
Mean and Standard Deviation - These tools were used to answer Problem 1 to determine the average of the
scores and the extent of deviation for a group as a whole in the pre-test and post-test taken by the students in
both the control and the experimental groups. The following guide was used for interpretation:
Parameter Qualitative Description
12.20 – 15.00 Very High Performance
9.40 – 12.19 High Performance
6.60 – 9.39 Average Performance
3.80 – 6.59 Low Performance
1.00 – 3.79 Very Low Performance
T-test - This was used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of two
groups, the control and the experimental group.
4. Results and discussion
4.1 Level of performance of students under the control and experimental group in the pre-test and post-test
Table 1 present the level of performance of the students under the control and experimental group in their
pre-test and post-test. To interpret the results, mean and standard deviation were used.
Table 1
Level of performance students under the control and experimental group in the pre-test and post-test
M SD Qualitative description
Control Group
Pre-Test 3.11 1.90 Very Low Performance
Post-Test 3.00 1.77 Very Low Performance
Experimental Group
Pre-Test 2.90 2.33 Very Low Performance
Post-Test 11.26 2.29 High Performance
Legend. 12.20 – 15.00: very high performance, 9.40 – 12.19: high performance, 6.60 – 9.39: average performance,
3.80 – 6.59: low performance, and 1.00 – 3.79: very low performance.
As presented in Table 1, the performances in the pre-test and post-test results of the control group (M=3.11,
3.00, SD=1.90, 1.77, respectively) are described as Very Low Performance. This implies that the students did not
understand clearly the concept on exponents even after the short discussion was given by the teacher. It can be
attributed to the method being used where the students were exposed to a traditional learning engagement,
involving pure lecture method. In fact, the mean decreased in which it can be inferred that after the discussion,
there were some concepts that confused them which led to a very low performance.
Meanwhile, the pre-test (M=2.90, SD=2.33) and the post-test (M=11.26, SD=2.29) of the experimental
group is described as Very Low Performance and High Performance, respectively. It can be ascertained that there
is a big difference in the test results before and after the discussion after using an intervention material. From
getting low performance in the test, the students understood the concepts by using the activities and exercises
provided in the intervention material even with less guidance of the teacher, which led to a high performance.
The significant increase in the mean score of the students manifests the effectiveness of the material.
Based from these results, it can be inferred that students learned best when different activities are employed
and an intervention material is being used. Thus, the Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) is an effective
intervention in boosting the mastery level of the students on certain topics. This will help the students who are
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International Journal of Research Studies in Education 69
struggling to master concepts as they have time to do the activities and learn at their own pace.
4.2 Significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results
Table 2 presents the significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results of the two groups. This
was computed using t-test.
Table 2
Significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results
M SD SE Mean t-value df
p-value
Decision
Control Group
Pre-Test vs Post Test 0.11 1.64 0.27 0.40 37
.695 Do not reject H
o
Experimental Group
Pre-Test vs Post Test -8.36 2.50 0.40 -21 38
.000 Reject H
o
It can be gleaned from Table 2 that the hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference in the
pre-test and post-test of the control group is retained which means that pre-test have no bearing with the post-test
(t-value = 0.40, p-value=.695). This entails that there is no significant difference between the results of the
pre-test and post-test in the control group. This further means that the performance of the students before and
after the discussion does not differ when there is no strategic material used. Students have more or less the same
level of understanding before and after the discussion, as the results show.
Meanwhile, findings revealed that under the experimental group, pre-test and post-test pose a significant
difference (t-value = -21, p-value=.000). There is a significant difference between the results of the pre-test and
post-test in the experimental group. This means that after being exposed to an intervention material, the
performance of the students increased from very low to high. This also means that the activities provided in the
material helped them in understanding and mastering the concepts and laws of exponent.
4.3 Significant difference between the control and experimental groups
Table 3 shows the significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the pre-test and
post-test. This was also computed using t-test.
Table 3
Significant difference between the control and experimental groups
M SD SE Mean t-value df
p-value
Decision
Control Group
Control Group vs
Experimental Group -0.26 2.42 0.39 -0.67 37
.508 Do not reject H
o
Experimental Group
Control Group vs
Experimental Group 8.26 2.88 0. 47 18 37
.000 Reject H
o
Statistical findings revealed that the null hypothesis of no significant difference between the performance of
the control and the experimental group in the pre-test is retained (t-value = -0.67, p-value=.508). This entails that
in the pre-test, there is no difference in the performance of the students under the control and experimental group.
It can be inferred that the students from both groups have more or less the same level of understanding of the
concepts on exponents, which is very low as presented in Table 1.
On the other hand, it was revealed that the null hypothesis of no significant difference between the control
and experimental group in their performance in post-test is rejected (t-value = 18, p-value=.000), which means
that there is a significant difference. It could be concluded that the performance of the students between the two
groups really poses a big difference. It is clearly presented that the learning is higher on the part of the
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experimental group than the control group. With this finding, it can further be inferred that the strategic
intervention material has a positive effect on the learning of the students which led to a high performance. Hence,
the experimental group achieved the 75 percent proficiency/performance level required in the subject area.
5. Conclusion
Based on the findings in this study, the following conclusions were given:
The students under the control group did not understand clearly the concept even after the short
discussion given by the teacher because they got very low performance in the pre-test and post-test.
Meanwhile, the students under the experimental group understood the concepts. They were given
activities and exercises in the intervention material and there was less guidance of the teacher. Thus,
the students learned best when varied activities are given and an intervention material is being used.
The level of performance of the students under the control group in the pre-test and post-test does not
differ. However, the performance of the students in the experimental group increased from low to high
after using the strategic intervention material, which indicates that they understood the concepts and
laws of exponents involving positive, zero, and negative integral exponents.
The performance of the experimental and control groups are almost at the same level before the
experiment as the result shows there is no significant difference. On the other hand, there is a big
difference in the performance of the students between the two groups, the control and experimental
groups, in the post-test which means that the intervention material developed the mastery of the skill
on exponents.
Innovative materials used by the teacher, as included in the material, enhanced the performance of the
students. This helped the teacher address the least-learned competency.
The concepts of exponents can be learned best when an intervention material is given, especially for
those learners who are struggling. The intervention material is effective in enhancing the mastery of
the concept.
5.1 Recommendations
In the light of the conclusions given, the following are hereby recommended:
The students, especially those who are struggling, may be given ample time to master the necessary
skills expected of them to perform at their level with the aid of an intervention material. On their own,
they may cope with the competencies they miss or least-mastered.
The Secondary Mathematics teachers may craft more strategic intervention materials to help the
students master the competency-based skills for them to have clearer understanding of the concepts
through the aid of the activities/tasks included in the material.
The parents, through their association, may help the teachers and administrators by supporting them in
the conduct of intervention for the success of the learners.
The school may conduct seminars and trainings on the development and implementation of the
strategic intervention materials in the classroom or send teachers to attend relevant trainings. Other
subject areas may be encouraged to design strategic intervention materials to aid the least-learned
competencies.
A similar study may be conducted covering a module or a quarter to ensure the mastery of the skills
across the school year.
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Acknowledgment - The researcher wishes to express his profound gratitude to the following who helped him
make this study possible. To the Almighty Father, who gave him strength, wisdom, and courage to persevere in
the completion of this endeavor. To his Mr. and Mrs. Arpilleda, his parents, who showed him their unfailing
support. To the Subject Team Leader in Mathematics, Mrs. Milagrosa P. Resullar, who gave him inputs on how
to prepare the material and the action research. To the Assistant Principal, Mr. Ricky Boy E. Limlingan, who
allowed him to conduct the study in the Junior High School unit. To the Principal, Sr. Aileen U. Bonifacio, SPC,
who gave the approval in the conduct of the study. To his co-Math teachers and friends, who gave him assistance
and supported him during the process. Thank you!
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