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Consumer acceptance of shared e-scooters for urban and short-distance mobility
Abstract and Figures
E-scooters have conquered urban areas as a means for individual mobility and compete with other modes of transportation. While some studies endorse e-scooters as eco-friendly solution for crowded cities, others report contradictory findings and highlight safety issues. To reveal factors affecting e-scooter usage from a consumer's perspective, a study using an adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) is conducted. Based on random sampling among German public transportation services, 749 responses were collected and analyzed. E-scooters are studied in the context of mobility alternatives, revealing that they are mostly viewed as fun objects, and perceived safety indeed impedes their usage. Additionally, environmental concerns and individual convenience (i.e., performance expectancy) evince to represent the main drivers for using e-scooter. Besides, differences in the motivation for (potential) usage were found between owners and non-owners. Regarding the ecological assessment of e-scooters, they may, in fact, substitute walking over short distances.
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... Rey-Moreno et al., 2023). These studies have reported several key factors influencing such acceptance (Chen and Huang, 2021;Kopplin et al., 2021;Ye et al., 2020). ...
... Despite the acknowledged potential of shared mobility to enhance tourism experiences, destination management, and sustainable development (Davies et al., 2020;Kopplin et al., 2021;Rey-Moreno et al., 2023), most studies of it have focused on day-to-day rather than touristic use, and on the attitudes and behaviors of people who already use it (Rojanakit et al., 2022). But as Hauslbauer et al. (2024) recently pointed out, conclusions about barriers to the broader use of shared mobility cannot be fully drawn unless the views of non-users are also assessed. ...
This study investigates tourists' barriers to adopting shared-mobility services, an area not extensively explored in the tourism literature. Utilizing a multi-method approach that includes a survey, text mining of online reviews, and hierarchical cluster analysis, it identifies three tiers of intertwined barriers-individual, operational, and macro-contextual-and categorizes tourists into three distinct clusters: Adaptable Travelers, Moderate Explorers, and Cautious Tourists. Emotional-discomfort and perceived utility barriers emerged as significant individual-level deterrents. Operational issues such as app malfunctions and inadequate infrastructure were found to exacerbate those barriers, while macro-contextual factors, including social norms and local support, appeared to play crucial roles in shaping tourists' perceptions. The findings provide actionable insights into service providers and policymakers looking to enhance shared-mobility services, tailor strategies for different tourist segments, and promote sustainable tourism.
... The study analyzed opinions and sentiments expressed by e-scooter riders using feedback obtained over showed that e-scooters are used as fun mode [41,42] . It was also found that "flat tire", and "broken throttle" are associated. ...
This paper examines the sentiments and opinions of e-scooter riders in Windsor, Ontario, highlighting key issues and concerns they have expressed. It involved text mining of feedback collected over a six-month pilot program (May to October 2021) using dictionary-based analysis. Analysis of monthly word frequencies in rider feedback revealed fluctuations, with June, July, and August showing higher correlations with May—the initial pilot month—compared to September and October. This indicates a fading novelty associated with e-scooters in the city. Although monthly sentiments varied significantly, the overall sentiment in May and June remained positive. The most common words contributing to positive sentiment included fun, awesome, and nice, while negative sentiments were largely represented by words such as slow, broken, and throttle. Feedback reveals that riders primarily regard e-scooters as a source of leisure rather than functional transportation. Correlation analysis of words linked to negative sentiments identified terms like “flat-tire” and “broken throttle,” which emphasize significant concerns regarding e-scooter maintenance practices in Windsor. The findings underscore the need for a data-sharing policy and maintenance regulations while recommending a governance framework for e-scooters to ensure their sustainable benefits. It demonstrates that even with a limited feedback sample during the pilot phase of shared e-scooter implementation, dictionary-based opinion and sentiment analysis can yield valuable insights into rider concerns, guiding immediate policy needs and fostering the functional use of e-scooters as a transportation option.
... These extensions make it particularly well-suited for examining behavioral intentions to use mobile apps, where consumer preferences and habitual usage play a critical role (Sanakulov and Karjaluoto, 2015). Indeed, recent studies have effectively applied the UTAUT2 model to predict adoption intentions for various types of mobile apps, including m-commerce (Shaw and Sergueeva, 2019), mobile banking (Owusu Kwateng et al., 2019), and app-based mobility services (Kopplin et al., 2021). ...
Super apps are a recent phenomenon in the retail sector, seamlessly integrating mobility, delivery, payments, entertainment, and other services into a single platform. While super apps such as WeChat and Alipay are well-established in many Asian markets, their adoption in Western markets remains largely underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining consumer intentions to adopt transport super apps in Germany, where platforms like Uber and Bolt are beginning to introduce the super app concept. Combining Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), data from 575 potential users were analyzed. The results reveal that performance expectancy (PE), price value (PV), and habit (HA) significantly impact behavioral intentions to use transport super apps. Notably, PE and PV are necessary conditions for consumer adoption to manifest. Achieving the highest level of adoption intention requires meeting minimum threshold levels of 35.6% for PE and 12% for PV. Moreover, “app fatigue” was found to positively influence adoption, suggesting that super apps are perceived as convenient replacements for multiple single-purpose apps. The insights from this study highlight the importance of tailoring marketing strategies to emphasize transport super apps’ valued benefits for key target groups. This research contributes to the emerging literature on super apps, highlighting the need for sector-specific investigations across various super app categories.
Bu çalışma, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik perspektifinden akıllı ulaşım sistemlerinin performanslarını değerlendirmek amacıyla TOPSIS (İdeal Çözüme Benzerlik ile Tercih Sıralama Tekniği) yöntemini kullanmıştır. Elektrikli otobüs sistemi (EOS), paylaşımlı elektrikli skuter sistemi (PESS), otonom araç paylaşım sistemi (OAPS) ve akıllı bisiklet paylaşım sistemi (ABPS) olmak üzere dört farklı ulaşım sistemi analiz edilmiştir. Analiz; karbon emisyonlarının azaltılması, enerji verimliliği, kaynak kullanımı, hava kalitesine etki ve yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı kriterleri doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, EOS en yüksek göreceli yakınlık değeriyle en iyi performansı sergilemiştir. EOS, karbon emisyonlarının azaltılması ve enerji verimliliği konularında üstün performans göstermekte ve fosil yakıt kullanımını azaltarak kaynak kullanımını optimize etmektedir. ABPS ikinci sırada yer alarak çevre dostu bir alternatif olarak öne çıkmaktadır. OAPS üçüncü sırada yer almakta olup, enerji verimliliği ve kaynak kullanımı açısından diğer sistemlere göre daha düşük performans sergilemektedir. PESS ise en düşük performansı göstermiştir. Bulgular, şehir plancıları ve politika yapıcılar için önemli bilgiler sunmakta olup, akıllı ulaşım sistemlerinin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik hedefleri doğrultusunda en uygun seçeneklerin belirlenmesine katkı sağlamaktadır.
Introduction
Electric scooters have rapidly gained popularity as a sustainable mode of transportation, but this rise has coincided with an increase in scooter-related injuries (SRI) and associated health care costs. Despite growing evidence of adverse outcomes, the role of substance use (SU) in SRI remains underexplored.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing the 2016-2021 National Inpatient Sample. Patients aged 18-64 for SRI were identified and stratified by age groups: 18-25, 26-40, and 41-64 years. SU consisted of alcohol, opioid, marijuana and cocaine use. The primary outcome of the study was temporal trends in SU among patients hospitalized with SRI. In-hospital mortality, traumatic brain injury (TBI), length of stay (LOS), hospitalization costs and non-home discharge rates were secondarily assessed. Multivariable regression models were developed to evaluate the association between SU and outcomes of interest.
Result
Of 7350 patients admitted for SRI, 24.8% had SU. SRI hospitalizations increased from 330 cases in 2016 to 2705 in 2021 ( P < 0.001). SU patients had higher odds of TBI (AOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.26-2.91) and perioperative complications (AOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.07-3.67) but similar mortality rates and LOS compared to non-SU patients. SU was associated with increased hospitalization costs by 300-$8800).
Conclusion
Our findings showed a rising prevalence of SU among SRI patients as well as an increased risk of TBI and resource utilization. Public health strategies, including helmet mandates, substance use prevention, and infrastructure improvements, are critical to mitigating these risks and alleviating the burden on the trauma care system.
Dockless electric scooters (E-Scooters) have emerged as a popular micro-mobility mode for urban transportation. This new form of mobility offers riders a flexible option for massive first-/last-mile trips. Despite the popularity, the limited regulations of E-Scooters raise numerous safety concerns among the public and agencies. Due to the unavailability of well-archived crash data, it is difficult to understand and characterize current state quo of E-Scooter-involved crashes. This paper aims to shorten the gap by analyzing a set of reported crash data to describe the patterns of crashes related to E-Scooter use. Specifically, massive media reports were searched and investigated for constructing the crash dataset. Key crash elements such as rider demographics, crash type, and location were organized in an information table for analysis. From 2017 to 2019, there were 169 E-Scooter-involved crashes identified from the news reports across the country. Through the descriptive analysis and cross tabulation analysis, the distinct characteristics of these reported crashes were highlighted. Overall, there was a growing trend for the reported E-Scooter-involved crashes unevenly distributed among the States. The distribution of the crashes across different groups of users, facilities, time periods, and severity levels also showed skewed patterns toward a subset of categories. The quantitative analyses also provide some supportive evidences for warranting the discussion on key issues, including helmet use, riding under influence (RUI), vulnerable riders, and data deficiency. This study highlights the importance of public awareness and timely developing safety countermeasures to mitigate crashes involving E-Scooters.
While the legalisation of and policies around e-scooters remain the cause of much debate worldwide, this article sheds lights on e-scooter users’ current practices and their interactions with pedestrians in the city. Taking an ethnomethodological approach to public space and mobility, we use video recordings of e-scooter riders to show, firstly, how riders dismount and then move to acquire rights to continue moving, thereby ‘playing’ with traffic rules, in order to weave rapidly through congested urban environments. Secondly, we examine how e-scooter riders and pedestrians deal with the potentially unexpected appearance of e-scooters via displays of attention, adjustments of speed, and the relative rights and obligations established via category-relevant spaces. The findings offer insights into the integration of e-scooters as one of what may be many new forms of electric powered micro-mobility in urban space.
This study applies a life cycle assessment (LCA) to the shared dockless standing e-scooter system that is established in Brussels. The results are given for four impact categories: global warming potential (GWP), particulate matter formation, mineral resource, and fossil resource scarcity. Regarding GWP, the use of the shared e-scooters in the current system causes 131 g of CO2-eq. per passenger-kilometer while the mode of transportation displaced has an impact of 110 g of CO2-eq. Thus, at present, the use of e-scooters shows a higher impact than the transportation modes they replace. The high results for the shared e-scooter, in terms of GWP, are mainly caused by the short lifespan of the shared e-scooter. Nevertheless, as the market further matures, the lifespan of e-scooters could increase and the impact per kilometer travelled could decrease accordingly. Regarding the use of the personal e-scooter, the LCA results show an impact of around 67 g of CO2-eq. This study quantifies the LC impacts of the current situation based on local, ‘real-life’ data. However, potential changes on soft mobility patterns induced by the use-oriented product-service system (PSS), such as a shared e-scooter system, could not be quantified.
Throughout the world, cities seek to ease transport-related problems of congestion, air pollution, noise, and traffic injuries. Urban transport planners have welcomed e-scooters as an alternative to motorized individual transport, specifically the car. The public has met e-scooters with both enthusiasm and scepticism, as cities have struggled with unforeseen outcomes such as forms of irresponsible riding, cluttering, or vandalism. This paper investigates the challenges associated with the introduction of e-scooters in ten major cities, based on a content analysis of local media reports. News items (n = 173) were identified through Internet searches and include print media, TV and radio websites. Concerns prior to and after the introduction of e-scooters are assessed, analysed, and interpreted in the context of new policies for this transport mode. Results suggest that many cities have moved through trial and error stages in their search for appropriate leg- islation. The paper concludes that it is prudent for urban planners to introduce policies regarding maximum speeds, mandatory use of bicycle infrastructure, and dedicated parking, as well as to limit the number of licensed operators. Where negative public opinion can be averted, e-scooters stand a chance to become a disruptive niche innovation with the potential to transform urban transport systems.
In many situations, consumers use green products without a deliberate choice to use or purchase the product. This research explores how using a green product (e.g., a pair of headphones made from recycled materials) influences the enjoyment of the accompanying consumption experience (e.g., listening to music), even if consumers have not deliberately chosen or purchased the product. Five experiments in actual consumption settings revealed that using a green (vs. conventional) product enhances the enjoyment of the accompanying consumption experience, referred to as the greenconsumption effect. Merely using a green product makes consumers perceive an increase in the extent to which they are valued as individuals by society, which leads to warm glow feelings, and consequently enhances the enjoyment of the accompanying consumption experience. When consumers experience low social worth, the positive effect of using green products on the accompanying consumption experience is amplified. The greenconsumption effect disappears when the negative environmental impact of the green product attribute is low. From a managerial standpoint, the current research identifies instances where brands can benefit from going green and encourages marketers, especially service providers, to promote green products that are instrumental in consumption experiences.
The popularity of rideshare electric scooters is due to their availability, accessibility, and low cost. The recent increase in electric scooter use has raised concerns regarding the safety of both riders and pedestrians. Previous studies characterize the incidence and pattern of injury for riders, but there is a lack of literature concerning electric scooters' impact on pedestrians. Pedestrians injured by electric scooters face potential financial burdens from hospitalization costs, medical interventions, taking time off from work, and rehabilitation therapies. Based on prior studies, pedestrians who are most prone to injuries sustained by pedestrian transportation include individuals with vision and/or hearing impairment, young children, the elderly, and people distracted by mobile devices. We present a case involving a sixty-year-old female pedestrian who presented to the emergency department with an acute lumbar compression fracture after a collision with an electric scooter. This study highlights the safety risks and incidence of injuries for pedestrians associated with electric scooters, which can help shape public policy to ensure the safety of both riders and pedestrians.
Objective: The proliferation of electric scooter sharing companies has inundated many municipalities with electric scooters. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the epidemiology of injuries from this new mode of transportation in order to inform injury prevention efforts.
Methods: A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted at two level 1 trauma centers in an urban setting. Patients seen in the emergency department from September 4, 2018 to November 4, 2018 were included if injury coding and chart review identified a scooter-related injury. Demographics, injury patterns, and other injury related factors were obtained via chart review.
Results: Ninety-two patients were identified over the study period in 2018 with electric scooter-related injuries. Of the patients utilizing an electric scooter; none used protective gear and 33% used alcohol prior to presentation. More than 60% of patients required medical intervention including laceration repair (26%), fracture reduction (17%), operative fixation of a fracture (7%), or arterial embolization for an associated arterial injury (1%). Approximately 10% of patients required inpatient admission and one required an admission to the intensive care unit.
Conclusion: We found a substantial increase in the number of scooter-related injuries during the first two months of electric scooter legalization. There was a lack of safety equipment utilization and concomitant alcohol utilization was common. These may offer areas of focus for injury prevention efforts. Additionally, standardization of injury coding for electric scooter related injury is critical to future studies and will help better understand the impact of this new mode of transportation.
Singapore enacted legislation in which off-road footpaths are shared by pedestrians and users of active mobility devices [bicycles, and personal mobility devices such as electric scooter (ES)] since May 2018. From February 2019, the speed limit for active mobility devices on shared footpaths was lowered from 15 km/h to 10 km/h due to frequent incidences of pedestrian-ES crashes. In this study, pedestrian-ES interactive movements along shared footpaths were administered via virtual reality (VR) to 30 subjects as a pedestrian (never rides an ES), and another 30 subjects as an ES rider (rides ES regularly). Ratings were made on perceived degree of safety, feeling of anger (by pedestrians), and celerity of movement (by ES riders), in six VR scenarios: two interaction facings (face-to-face interaction and overtaking) at three ES’ speeds (10 km/h, 15 km/h and 20 km/h). Pedestrian subjects rated ES speeds of 10 km/h and 15 km/h as safer than 20 km/h in overtaking maneuvers, while 15 km/h was rated as safest in face-to-face interactions; the pattern of risk perception is positively correlated with anger level. ES rider subjects rated increasing safety with decreasing riding speed, but 10 km/h was considered to be rather slow. The lack of a clear code of conduct was touted as a key contributory factor in pedestrian-ES crashes.
This paper investigates the modal shift patterns of e-bike users in the Dutch context. We focus on the change in e-bikers’ travel behavior to assess whether this change benefits sustainability. Our study provides direct ecologically valid evidence on modal shift by using a longitudinal dataset from the Netherlands Mobility Panel survey. We examine e-bikers’ modal shift patterns before and after acquiring an e-bike. The findings indicate that after e-bike adoptions, conventional bike use reduces significantly, while car use reduces less strongly. Nonetheless, the share of car kilometers is much larger than that of conventional bikes at the baseline. Besides, the emission rate per passenger kilometer of an e-bike is several times lower than that of a car. These imply a net environmental gain after e-bike adoptions. The present study also sheds light on modal shifts at a disaggregated level by investigating those e-bikers who are more likely to drive less after e-bike adoption. The findings suggest that e-bikers younger than 50 and those around retirement age (60–69) seem more likely to step out of their cars. Additionally, people living in rural areas tend to be more likely to reduce their car use than their counterparts in highly urbanized areas. Based on our findings, we present policy recommendations for achieving a greener shift in mobility systems.