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Abstract
Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. "UO 88 237--UO 88 239." Microfiche. s
... Notably, 25 min of moderate-intensity running (75% predicted maximum heart rate) prior to resistance training had no negative effect on lower body strength measures following a 9-week periodized resistance training program in untrained women (Volpe et al. 1993). These major discrepancies have been attributed to differences among prior training status, mode, intensity, frequency and duration of training, as well as sequencing and timing of concurrent training sessions (Fleck 1999). ...
... Our results demonstrate that combining strength training with endurance training does not attenuate improvements in maximal muscular strength. These results agree with previous researchers reporting no blunting of strength improvements following concurrent training in untrained volunteers (Craig et al. 1991; Volpe et al. 1993; McCarthy et al. 1995; McCarthy et al. 2002; Hakkinen et al. 2003; Glowacki 2004). Our CB group demonstrated consistent improvements in 1-RM squat and bench press strength at weeks 7 and 12. ...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic endurance (E), strength (R), and combined endurance and strength (CB) training for improving performance of tactical occupational tasks and determine if combined training interferes with performance enhancements of E or R alone. A total of 56 recreationally active women were randomly placed into four groups: R (n = 18), E (n = 13), CB (n = 15), Control (n = 10). Subjects trained three non-consecutive days per week for 8 weeks. Performance was measured pre-, mid-, and post-training for bench press one-repetition maximum (1-RM), squat 1-RM, bench press throw and squat jump peak power, VO2peak, 3.2 km load carriage (LC), 3.2 km run (run), and repetitive lift and carry (RLC). R and E demonstrated improvements which were generally specific to their training. R improved squat (48.3%) and bench press 1-RM (23.8%), bench press throw (41.9%), RLC (31.3%), and LC (11.5%). E improved run (14.7%), VO2peak (6.2%), squat 1-RM (15.3%), LC (12.9%), and RLC (22.5%). CB improved squat (37.6%) and bench press 1-RM (20.9%), bench press throw (39.6%), VO2peak (7.6%), run (10.4%), LC (13.1%), and RLC (45.5%). Post-training 1-RM squat was greater in R and CB than E, while E completed the 3.2 km load carriage task faster than C. In conclusion, 8 weeks of combined training improved performance in all tactical occupational tasks measured and did not interfere with improvements in strength, power and endurance measures compared to R or E alone.
The purpose of this study was to examine muscle morphological and neural activation adaptations resulting from the interaction between concurrent strength and endurance training.
Thirty sedentary healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to one of three training groups that performed 10 wk of 3-d x wk(-1) high-intensity strength training (S), cycle endurance training (E), or concurrent strength and endurance training (CC). Strength, quadriceps-muscle biopsies, computed tomography scans at mid-thigh, and surface electromyogram (EMG) assessments were made before and after training.
S and CC groups demonstrated similar increases (P < 0.0001) in both thigh extensor (12 and 14%) and flexor/adductor (7 and 6%) muscle areas. Type II myofiber areas similarly increased (P < 0.002) in both S (24%) and CC (28%) groups, whereas the increase (P < 0.004) in Type I area with S training (19%) was also similar to the nonsignificant (P = 0.041) increase with CC training (13%). Significant increases (P < 0.005) in maximal isometric knee-extension torque were accompanied by nonsignificant (P <or= 0.07) increases in root mean squared EMG amplitude of the quadriceps musculature for both S and C groups. No changes (P > 0.38) in the EMG/torque relation across 20 to 100% maximal voluntary contractions occurred in any group. A small 3% increase (P < 0.01) in thigh extensor area was the only change in any of the above variables with E training.
Findings indicate 3-d x wk(-1) concurrent performance of both strength and endurance training does not impair adaptations in strength, muscle hypertrophy, and neural activation induced by strength training alone. Results provide a physiological basis to support several performance studies that consistently indicate 3-d x wk(-1) concurrent training does not impair strength development over the short term.
Adaptations of arm and thigh muscle hypertrophy to different long-term periodized resistance training programs and the influence of upper body resistance training were examined.
Eighty-five untrained women (mean age = 23.1 +/- 3.5 yr) started in one of the following groups: total-body training [TP, N = 18 (3-8 RM training range) and TH, N = 21 (8-12 RM training range)], upper-body training [UP, N = 21 (3-8 RM training range) and UH, N = 19, (8-12 RM training range)], or a control group (CON, N = 6). Training took place on three alternating days per week for 24 wk. Assessments of body composition, muscular performance, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were determined pretraining (T1), and after 12 (T2) and 24 wk (T3) of training.
Arm CSA increased at T2 (approximately 11%) and T3 (approximately 6%) in all training groups and thigh CSA increased at T2 (approximately 3%) and T3 (approximately 4.5%) only in TP and TH. Squat one-repetition maximum (1 RM) increased at T2 (approximately 24%) and T3 (approximately 11.5%) only in TP and TH and all training groups increased 1 RM bench press at T2 (approximately 16.5%) and T3 (approximately 12.4%). Peak power produced during loaded jump squats increased from T1 to T3 only in TP (12%) and TH (7%). Peak power during the ballistic bench press increased at T2 only in TP and increased from T1 to T3 in all training groups.
Training specificity was supported (as sole upper-body training did not influence lower-body musculature) along with the inclusion of heavier loading ranges in a periodized resistance-training program. This may be advantageous in a total conditioning program directed at development of muscle tissue mass in young women.
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