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Hindi Lang Basta Bata: Mga Pananaliksik at Panunuri sa Kasaysayan at Panitikang Pambata
Abstract
"Sa kabila ng mga pagbabagong panlipunan, nananatiling pinagkakaitan ng karapatan ang maraming bata sa Pilipinas. Bagama’t kung lilinangi’y may sariling gahum, humaharap ang maraming bata sa malalalim at sala-salabat na depribasyon at vulnerabilidad na sagabal sa kanilang pakikilahok at pag-unlad. Isa sa mga dahilan nito ang kaayusang panlipunang hindi nagbibigay-tinig sa mga bata. Mistulang humahamon sa kayariang panlipunang ito ang napakahalagang libro ni EJ Bolata na nagtatanghal sa mga bata sa kasaysayan at panitikang Pilipino. Sapagkat may kaalaman ukol sa at kamalayan para sa mga bata, mabisang kasangkapan ang libro sa pagpapalitaw sa gahum ng mga bata sa lipunang Pilipino. Patunay ang librong hindi lang basta bata ang mga bata."
– ATOY M. NAVARRO
Kasamang Patnugot, Saliksik E-Journal
Program Manager, FERCAP
Download here: https://swfupdiliman.org/project/hindi-lang-basta-bata/
Higit na pinatingkad ng kasalukuyang administrasyon ang pagmamaliit sa kakayahan ng kababaihang Pilipino na ating pinaghihirapang ibangon sa loob ng napakahabang siglo, at sa pagtatangkang ipanumbalik ang egalitaryadong lipunang prekolonyal ng mga Pilipino. Mula sa kung paano maliitin ang kapasidad ng isang babae na mamuno ng isang ahensya o bansa hanggang sa kung paano ginagawang katatawanan ang kultura ng impunidad katulad ng panghihipo, panggagahasa, pananakit, pang-aabuso, at iba pang mala-patriyarkal, misogynistiko, at machismong pananaw na itinatatak sa kamalayan ng mga Pilipino. Sa likod ng unos na ito sa Araling Pangkasarian at higit sa lahat, sa Araling Pangkababaihan, hindi natitinag ang ilang mga akademiko at iskolar na tumuklas at paibayuhin ang mga babasahing magtatanghal sa dangal ng kababaihan. Sa abot ng aking nalalaman, ang akda ng Feministang si Nancy Kimuell-Gabriel na Ang Araling Kababaihan at Kasarian sa Araling Pilipino at Wikang Filipino: Kalagayan at Hinaharap ay komprehensibong naglatag ng limpak-limpak na literaturang tumugaygay at kumakatig sa pagpapahalaga sa sektor ng kababaihan, gamit ang tematikong pagsasaray – pamilya at papel ng kababaihan; buhay at pakikibaka ng kababaihang maralita; kababaihan sa migrasyon; karahasan batay sa kasarian; disaster at vulnerabilidad; kababaihan sa bilangguan; sa mass media; sa sining at panitikan; sa mundong digital; relihiyon; etnisidad; pulitika at sekswalidad; at marami pang iba (Kimuell-Gabriel 50-61). Gayumpaman, mainam pa rin na palawigin ang pag-aapuhap sa talastasang ito, bukod sa mga nabanggit, panahon na para palagpasin pa natin ang tila-Orthodox na pagtingin sa mga babae bilang isang Ina, Ilaw ng Tahanan, o Asawa. Sa pagkakataong ito, ang pagdalumat sa mga babae bilang lundayan ng “kalakasan” na madalas na naka-umang sa katangian ng isang lalaki. Ito ang hatid ng akdang pambata nina Hidilyn Diaz at Eugene Evasco na Ginto’t Pilak: Ang Kuwento ng Olympian na si Hidilyn Diaz, nasa panayam ni Noel Ferrer, at Guhit ni Tristan Yuvienco.
Excerpt from Dean Worcester’s Fantasy Islands: Photography, Film, and the Colonial Philippines (University of Michigan Press, 2014)
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This article discusses Ileto’s nontranslation of the Tagalog concept of loob as integral to the argument and rhetorical persuasiveness of his seminal work, . The meaning of loob that readers gather is a deeply religious and mystical one. However, the idiom of loob has multifarious and varied usages, and in the vast majority of cases loob is a prosaic term. Using some methods in the field of corpus linguistics, this article demonstrates that reambiguating Ileto’s translations could lead to different interpretations.
The social construction of hazard is a matter of considerable moment to those engaged in disaster preparedness, management and relief. All too often, insufficient recognition is accorded to the manner in which people's actions are influenced by their cultural interpretation of what they are experiencing. Behaviours that appear inappropriate or illogical to external agency or relief workers may be entirely consistent and rational actions when understood in the context of the operating schema of the individuals experiencing such phenomena.
How Picturebooks Work is an innovative and engaging look at the interplay between text and image in picturebooks. The authors explore picturebooks as a specific medium or genre in literature and culture, one that prepares children for other media of communication, and they argue that picturebooks may be the most influential media of all in the socialization and representation of children. Spanning an international range of children's books, this book examine such favorites as Curious George and Frog and Toad Are Friends, along with the works of authors and illustrators including Maurice Sendak and Tove Jansson, among others. With 116 illustrations, How Picturebooks Work offers the student of children's literature a new methodology, new theories, and a new set of critical tools for examining the picturebook form.
Tinutunghayan ng sanaysay ang panitikang pambata bilang produkto ng gitnang uring branding, konsumerismo at kapitalismo. Ang produksyon ng “wholesome” na kalidad at porma ng panitikang pambata – librong ibinebenta, kalakip ang masining na ilustrasyon, salin sa Ingles o Filipino, at pagkakaroon ng leksyong matututuhan at “how to teach” na segment sa huling bahagi ng libro – ay simptomatiko sa konsumeristang panghihimok tungo sa gawi at pagmamarka ng gitnang uring panuntunan ng buhay. Kung gayon, ang pinag-aagawang “pagkabata” sa panitikang pambata ay hindi hiwalay sa panlipunang kondisyon at turing sa mga bata – bilang receptacle ng kawalang-kapangyarihan at ahensya. Sa isang banda, ang pagkabata ay isang winalay na yugto ng pagkamamamayang nakapaimbalot sa marahas na kondisyon ng paghihikahos at pandarambong. Sa kabilang banda, ang niche market ng panitikang pambata – ang gitnang uri at mga institusyong nagpapalaganap nito – ay sablay sa aktwal na materyal na kondisyon ng pagkabata at pagkamamamayan. _____ The essay argues that children’s literature is a product of middle class branding, consumerism and capitalism. The production of a wholesome quality and form of children’s literature—books sold with graphic illustration, translation in English or Filipino, thearticulation of the moral of the story and the presence of “how to teach” portion—is symptomatic of middle class consumerist lifestyles and worldviews. The contentious childhood” in children’s literature amplifies the social conditions and framing of children as receptacle and agent of powerlessness. On the one hand, “childhood” is a displaced stage of citizenship marred by conditions of poverty and misappropriation. On the other hand, the niche market of children’s literature—the middle class and institutions that reproduce it—is removed from its actual material conditions of childhood and citizenship.
Purpose
This article sets out to address the response of traditional societies in facing natural hazards through the lens of the concept of resilience.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper considers that resilient societies are those able to overcome the damage caused by the occurrence of natural hazards, either through maintaining their pre‐disaster social fabric, or through accepting marginal or larger change in order to survive. The discussion is based on a review of the corpus of case studies available in the literature.
Findings
The present article suggests that the capacity of resilience of traditional societies and the concurrent degree of cultural change rely on four factors, namely: the nature of the hazard, the pre‐disaster socio‐cultural context and capacity of resilience of the community, the geographical setting, and the rehabilitation policy set up by the authorities. These factors significantly vary in time and space, from one disaster to another.
Practical implications
It is important to perceive local variations of the foregoing factors to better anticipate the capability of traditional societies to overcome the damage caused by the occurrence of natural hazards and therefore predict eventual cultural change.
Originality/value
This article takes off from the previous vulnerability‐driven literature by emphasizing the resilience of traditional societies.
Flooding is not a recent hazard in the Philippines but one that has occurred throughout the recorded history of the archipelago. On the one hand, it is related to a wider global ecological crisis to do with climatic change and rising sea levels but on the other hand, it is also the effect of more localised human activities. A whole range of socio-economic factors such as land use practices, living standards and policy responses are increasingly influencing the frequency of natural hazards such as floods and the corresponding occurrence of disasters. In particular, the reason why flooding has come to pose such a pervasive risk to the residents of metropolitan Manila has its basis in a complex mix of inter-relating factors that emphasise how the nature of vulnerability is constructed through the lack of mutuality between environment and human activity over time. This paper examines three aspects of this flooding: first, the importance of an historical approach in understanding how hazards are generated; second, the degree of interplay between environment and society in creating risk; and third, the manner in which vulnerability is a complex construction.
President's Month in Review
Official Gazette. 1952. "President's Month in Review: April 1952." Official
Gazette. Isinangguni noong Abril 24, 2018. http://www.
officialgazette.gov.ph/1952/04/01/presidents-month-inreview-april-1952