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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1066
Fabrication of Universal Drilling Machine
Shete Yogesh S.1, Bhosale Aniket D.2, Asst. Prof. Miss. Shinde S. S.3
1,2Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Shriram Institute of Engg. & Technology Centre, Paniv,
Maharashtra, India.
3Asst. Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Shriram Institute of Engg. & Technology Centre, Paniv,
Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract – There are many operations are carried out to
obtain the final product from raw material. These operations
are performed with the help of various machineries. Drilling
operation is one of the most important operations in
industries. Generally these operations are carried out by two
types of drilling machines, these are Bench drilling Machine &
another is hand Drill machine. The bench drill machine can be
used for the heavy operations but for performing many
operations it get failed. It requires multi spindle machine for
doing the same. In case of hand drill machine, the maximum
efforts from the human are required, these machines are heavy
also. This universal drilling machine is a combination of both
hand drill machine and bench drill machine, which is designed
to obtain the better result with reduced efforts and time too.
This machine provides more flexibility to move in any direction
due to the linkages and its construction. This machine can
perform in every direction given by the operator. There are
various linkages and joints are made in its construction which
delivers the more flexibility in the operation. The vertical
column is made in such a way that it can rotate in circular
direction. The arm gives angular up and down motion and the
final are gives directional stability and it holds the motor and
further assembly to perform work.
Key Words: Drill Machine, Existing Machine,
Developments, Working.
1. INTRODUCTION
Drilling is an operation carried out to make a hole or
increase in the size of hole for specific reasons. Drilling is
very important operation in fitting or tightening industry.
We are going to introduce universal drilling machine in this
chapter.
1.1 History
Around 35,000 BCE, Homo sapiens discovered the benefits
of the application of rotary tools. This would have
rudimentarily consisted of a pointed rock being spun
between the hands to bore a hole through another material.
This led to the hand drill, a smooth stick that was sometimes
attached to flint point, and was rubbed between the palms.
This was used by many ancient civilizations around the
world including the Mayans. The earliest perforated artifacts
such as bone, ivory, shells and antlers found, are from the
Upper Paleolithic era.
Bow drill (strap-drills) are the first machine drills, as they
convert a back-and forth motion to a rotary motion, and they
can be traced back to around 10,000 years ago. It was
discovered that tying a cord around a stick, and then
attaching the ends of the string to the ends of a stick(a bow),
allowed a user to drill quicker and more efficiently. Mainly
used to create fire, bow-drills were also used in ancient
woodwork, stonework and dentistry. Archeologist
discovered a Neolithic grave yard in Mehrgrath, Pakistan
dating from the time of the Harappa’s, around 7,500-9,000
years ago, containing 9 adult bodies with a total of 11 teeth
that had been drilled. There are hieroglyphs depicting
Egyptian carpenters and bead makers in a tomb at Thebes
using bow-drills. The earliest evidence of these tools being
used in Egypt dates back to around 2500 BCE. The usage of
bow-drills was widely spread through Europe, Africa, Asia
and North America, during ancient times and is still used
today. Over the years many slight variations of bow and
strap drills have developed for the various uses of either
boring through materials or lighting fires.
1.2. Existing Drill Machines
Drilling machine is a power operated machine tool which
holds the drill in its spindle rotating at high speeds and when
actuated move linearly against the work piece to produce the
hole.
The drill machine is a tool fitted device which used to rotate
the tool and to obtain the hole on particular work piece.
There are various types of drill machines such as
a. Portable Drilling Machine.
Fig -1: Portable Drilling Machine
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1067
b. Bench Drilling Machine.
Fig -2: Bench Drilling Machine
c. Radial Drilling Machine.
d. Pillar Drilling Machine.
Fig -3: Pillar Drilling Machine
e. Gang Drilling Machine.
Fig -4: Gang Drilling Machine
f. Multiple Drilling Machines.
Fig -5: Multiple Drilling Machines
These machine are used to perform the various operations
like,
1. Reaming
2. Boring
3. Counter Boring
4. Counter Sinking
5. Spot facing
6. Tapping.
The various operations are done on work piece with the
special purpose drill machine to achieve the higher accuracy
for the operation.
2. PROBLEM DEFINITION
As we know, a drilling operation is a heart of many
industries as well as it is also important machine in domestic
use. But if you want to have more number of holes on a same
work piece, you have to use multi spindle drilling machine
having a combination with radial drilling machine which
become more costly and expensive. So it cannot be affordable
for all. It also required varying the positions of work piece
then it also affects the accuracy of the operation. If we are
going to use hand drill machine: i.e. portable drilling machine,
then we can obtain the flexibility in the operations but the
stability during the operation and the working conditions
there is a possibility of reducing the accuracy of the operation
and the weight of the machine is also affects the performance.
For such kind of machines, the weight and vibrations also
have to be under the considerations. In portable drilling
machines it is not easily possible to achieve same accuracy
and efficiency of operation every time.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1068
3. CONSTRUCTION
Fig -6: Universal Drilling Machine
The fig shows the arrangement of various components of
universal drilling machine. This universal drilling machine
consists of following components:
1. Base Frame
2. Vertical Arm
3. Robotic Arm
4. Bearing
5. Linkages
6. Motor
7. Drill Chuck
8. Drill Tool
9. Battery
10. Connecting Wires
11. Switch.
Base Frame: the base frame is nothing but the member used
for the foundation and provides a proper support to the
assembly.
Vertical Arm: it is connected to the frame by means of
bearing. It rotates about its own axis to give the rotational
direction to the further assembly to cover the circular portion
for the working.
Robotic Arm: it is connected with the help of flexible join to
the vertical arm. This connects the motor holder and vertical
arm. It provides angular up and down motion for the
operation.
Bearing: it provides support to the vertical arm and allows it
to rotate freely with its own vertical axis. It is mounted over
the base frame.
Fig -7: Vertical Arm with bearing
Linkages: these are used to co0nnect or attach the various
components of the system. These are flexible and can provide
sliding motion between to links. These are used to make the
turning pairs.
Motor: it is an element which provides rotary motion to the
chuck or tool holder to obtain the output from the machine.
Here we have used the 12V dc motor for this machine.
Fig -8: Motor & Chuck
Drill Chuck: it is nothing but the tool holder. It holds the tool
with the jaws. It is attached to the motor to get the rotation
motion and then delivers to the tool for cutting.
Drill Tool: it is also known as drill bit. We are going to used
few limited but mostly used sized bits for this machine in this
paper. We are going to use bit of diameter 6mm, 7mm, 8mm
& 10mm.
Fig -9: Drill tool & Chuck
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1069
Battery: it is used to drive the motor to obtain desired
output. Here we are going to use a rechargeable battery of
12V capacity.
Fig -10: Battery
Electric wires: wires are used to connect the battery to the
motor.
Switch: it is used to control the ON–OFF action of the motor.
When switch is at on position, the motor gets started & when
switch is at OFF position motor get stopped.
Fig -11: Switch
4. PRINCIPLE / CONCEPT
This universal drilling machine is simply works on the
principle of conversion of the electric energy from the battery
in to the useful mechanical work in form of the rotational
action of the chuck or spindle to achieve the cut by using tool.
It also refers to the sliding pair mechanism which allows the
free rotations to the links. This results the higher degree of
freedom for the machine or robotic arms. This will result in
the higher effective area for the machine.
Fig -12: Concept of universal Drilling Machine
5. WORKING
As we have seen in the fig. we have provide sliding pairs for
the each joint. This sliding pair provides more accessibility
and the higher degree of freedom. These joints are attached
with the help of bolted joints. Since the loosing and tightening
of the linkages is easily possible. As the switch gets operated
by the operator and turned it ON, then it connects the motor
to the battery by means of the electric wiring. As soon as the
motor gets started, it also rotates the chuck or spindle
mounted over the output shaft of the motor. The chuck is
used to hold the tool by using jaws. As the chuck or spindle
gets started, it results in the rotations of the tool. This
rotation of tool further gets used to obtain the cut on work
piece. Before starting the machine, it is necessary to make a
decision and marking for the cut size and depth with the
positions of the holes to be drilled. Then put the machine in
such a way that it can cover maximum points with its range.
After deciding the position of where the base to be attached
to obtain the drill, operator have to start the motor. Then the
operator should have to provide directions towards the
markings. After completing the operations operator have to
shut OFF the motor and down the motor. In this manner this
universal machine works with minimum possible efforts from
the operator.
6. ADVANTAGES
Light in weight
Portable
Easy to carry.
Fewer efforts required.
7. CONCLUSION
This universal drill machine gives a better operational
stability with reference to the portable drilling machine. It
also seems that it is more advantageous over the
conventional drilling machines. This is light weight and
portable too. So it gives better control during the operation.
The joints are made in such a way that it can rotate in all the
directions and the can perform better, so it works as we have
expected. It reduces the human efforts required for the
drilling operations and also reduces the overall energy
consumption required for performing the same operations.
It also requires less space and it is easy to handle.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere regards to our guide Asst. Prof. Miss.
Shinde S. S. of Shriram Institute of Engg. & Technology
Centre, Paniv for her continuous guidance and motivation.
We are also thankful to our Head of Department Prof. Mr.
Shinde G. S. for his co-operation and valuable support. We
are also grateful to our faculty & friends and other all that
showed their efforts towards us and also helps us in every
trouble.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1070
REFERENCES
[1] A.M.TAKALE, V.R.NAIK, “Design & manufacturing of
multi spindle drilling head (msdh) for its cycle time
optimization”, International Journal of Mechanical
Engineering applications Research – IJMEAR, Vol 03,
Issue 01; January-April 2012.
[2] Manufacturing Processes by O.P. Khanna.
[3] Mr. Jay M. PatelMr. Akhil P. NairProf. Hiral U.Chauhan,
“3-Directional Flexible Drilling Machine”, IJSRD -
International Journal for Scientific Research &
Development| Vol. 3, Issue 01, 2015 | ISSN (online):
2321-0613, PP: 1262 to 1264.
[4] A.S.Udgave,Prof.V.J.Khot, Design & development of multi
spindle drilling head (msdh), IOSR Journal of Mechanical
and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684, PP:
60-69.
BIOGRAPHIES
Shete Yogesh Shreekrushna
“Student of BE Mechanical
Engineering at Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra, India”
Bhosale Aniket Dattatray
“Student of BE Mechanical
Engineering at Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra, India”
