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Computational Thinking Education
Abstract
This book is an edited volume with a specific focus on computational thinking (CT) education. A group of world-renowned scholars and contributed the chapters
researchers, who pioneered research on CT education. To enable readers with various
interests to advance their knowledge in this fresh yet important field, this book
covers sub-themes that will be of interest to academics and educators, school
teachers, policymakers, and other readers. The sub-themes include CT and tool
development, student competency and assessment, CT and programming education
in K-12, CT in K-12 STEM education and non-formal learning, teacher and mentor
development in K-12 education, and CT in educational policy and implementation.
School teachers will be particularly interested in chapters in K-12 and K-12 STEM
education; educators and academics will be interested in chapters in CT and tool
development, student competency and assessment, and teacher and mentor development; policymakers will be particularly interested in chapters in policy and
implementation; and readers, in general, will be interested in chapters in all
sub-themes.
... Research in the past has attempted to address these issues by identifying the factors that influence CT (Cutumisu et al., 2019;Román-González et al., 2018;Tang et al., 2020) and by developing tools that can be used to assess CT skills level (Korkmaz et al., 2017;Roman-Gonzalez et al., 2017). Following a psychometric approach, recent research has attempted to determine the relationship between CT skills development and cognitive and noncognitive factors (Kong & Abelson, 2019). Non-cognitive variables such as personality traits, learning motivation, learning strategy, and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of college students have been used to assess CT skills levels, specifically in flipped classroom instruction and smart classroom environments (Gong et al., 2020;Lu et al., 2021). ...
... CT also includes "thought processes involved in formulating problems so their solutions can be represented as computational steps and algorithms" according to Aho (2012). CT has an impact on nearly all fields in both the human and natural sciences (Kong & Abelson, 2019). ...
... Motivation, as an interdisciplinary approach (Richardson et al., 2012), has its place in CT perspectives from CT 3-dimensional framework, named as value and expectancy (Kong & Abelson, 2019). To explore this aspect, Kazimoglu et al. (2012) involved digital game-play to increase students' motivation toward CT concepts and to facilitate the mapping of these CT concepts in learning programming constructs where students had little or no programming knowledge. ...
Computational thinking (CT) is an essential skill required for every individual in the digital era to become creative problem solvers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships between computational thinking skills, the Big Five personality factors, and learning motivation using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research administered the computational thinking scale, NEO FFI scale, and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire to a sample of 92 students pursuing degrees in Computer Science and Engineering. Based on the result analysis, it was determined that both personality and learning motivation had positive and significant impacts on computation thinking skills. Personality had a major contribution to the prediction of CT, with consciousness being the most influential predictor. The findings of this study suggest that educators and academics should focus on the significance of the psychological side of CT for the improvement of students’ CT skills.
... While App Inventor provides a gallery for posting completed app source code, the society has yet to develop the granularity of libraries standard in other programming languages. Suggesting a possibility of resuming the growth of the platform and user society and is a deserving subject for additional investigation [12]. ...
Climate change is a severe problem due to the continuous dynamic changes in urbanization in cities, and reaching it requires high-resolution spatial data represented by using remote sensing technology, as the data of the Space Science Network of NASA was relied on to measure the change in the climate of Baghdad city for a period of four decades 1981-2021, using the climate change equation referred to in the research and then tabulating the data in Excel. The results showed evident changes in the climatic rates, especially during the fourth time cycle; the high rates of temperature and low rates of relative humidity and precipitation indicate that the city’s climate is heading towards drought, and similarities appeared between the rates of atmospheric pressure and wind speed at the height of 10 m in terms of stability and slope.
... While App Inventor provides a gallery for posting completed app source code, the society has yet to develop the granularity of libraries standard in other programming languages. Suggesting a possibility of resuming the growth of the platform and user society and is a deserving subject for additional investigation [12]. ...
Nowadays, a strong relationship between the agriculture sectors and digital technologies is really interesting. The article describes how recent intelligent technologies can improve agricultural fields. Mobile applications are software programs created on smartphones, tablets, and computers. Agricultural fields mainly represent the pillar of the economy and the business sector that fulfills the world's food requirements. The United States has a valuable rank in potato production, which depends on this production economically. Nevertheless, so many insects affect potato yield production quantitatively and qualitatively. So, a smartphone App was created to help potato growers diagnose insects that directly attack potato crops and treat them. The created App focuses on a list of the common insects that attack potato crops in Maine State. App Inventor Platform, run by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was used to develop the application. Insect images and insecticides information were collected from the Cooperative Extension Department at Presque Isle City, Aroostook County, Maine, USA. The App provides essential details regarding insect types, life cycles, where they are coming from, and the time of attacking the plants. The App includes a list of effective insecticides that control insects. The App also provides helpful instructions concerning trade names, dose per acre of insecticides, and whether it should be applied to soil or plant leaves. Money and time are saved by applying this App since farmers do not need to spend time collecting samples and bringing them to the lab.
... Thus, agreeing to the facts, numerous researchers had claimed that there is a need for further study on CT as well as the education in pre-college or undergraduate levels which emphasised on the experimental studies [8], [9], [10]. Most studies in the field of CT concepts have only focused on abstraction, decomposition and algorithm [11], [12], [13] has been discussed in [14], [15], [16]. Since there is no consistency in TVET curriculums [17], applying CT is the most appropriate approach to be implemented in TVET teaching and learning. ...
... CT is an emerging fundamental skill. It has been a fundamental skill for ages, but only in the past 70 years circa 1950's has it become a specific focus in education [6]. In particular, Jeanette Wing in 2006 popularized the idea of CT and has in part fueled the integration of CT in many disciplines [17,19]. ...
Computational thinking in physics has many different forms, definitions, and implementations depending on the level of physics, or the institution it is presented in. In order to better integrate computational thinking in introductory physics, we need to understand what physicists find important about computational thinking in introductory physics. We present a qualitative analysis of twenty-six interviews asking academic (N=18) and industrial (N=8) physicists about the teaching and learning of computational thinking in introductory physics courses. These interviews are part of a longer-term project towards developing an assessment protocol for computational thinking in introductory physics. We find that academic and industrial physicists value students' ability to read code and that Python (or VPython) and spreadsheets were the preferred computational language or environment used. Additionally, the interviewees mentioned that identifying the core physics concepts within a program, explaining code to others, and good program hygiene (i.e., commenting and using meaningful variable names) are important skills for introductory students to acquire. We also find that while a handful of interviewees note that the experience and skills gained from computation are quite useful for student's future careers, they also describe multiple limiting factors of teaching computation in introductory physics, such as curricular overhaul, not having "space" for computation, and student rejection. The interviews show that while adding computational thinking to physics students repertoire is important, the importance really comes from using computational thinking to learn and understand physics better. This informs us that the assessment we develop should only include the basics of computational thinking needed to assess introductory physics knowledge.
... 1. Proses Pembuatan Tampilan, bertujuan untuk membuat interface yang dibuat berdasarkan rancangan tampilan sehingga bisa menjadi media komunikasi antara pengguna aplikasi dalam memberikan perintah atau membaca data (Kong & Abelson, 2019). Contoh pembuatan tampilan screen1 tampak pada gambar 3. ...
Salah satu kegiatan penting perawatan instrumen dan DCS di PT. Pabrik Semen Gresik Rembang adalah inspeksi. Digitalisasi data perlu dilakukan agar dapat mengurangi penggunaan kertas dan mempercepat pembukaan informasi peralatan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penulis berinisiatif untuk membuat sebuah aplikasi Android untuk pemeriksaan dan sistem informasi peralatan PLC 08 Utama dengan teknologi NFC dan QR Code di PT. Pabrik Semen Gresik Rembang. Aplikasi Android dibuat menggunakan MIT App Inventor. Basis data inspeksi adalah Firebase dan GoogleSpreadsheet. Untuk data gambar diagram garis tunggal, lembar data, dan SOP disimpan di database Google Drive. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan dengan keluaran berupa aplikasi Android untuk inspeksi dan peralatan sistem informasi PLC 08 Utama dengan teknologi NFC dan QR Code di PT. Pabrik Semen Gresik Rembang. Teknologi pembaca NFC telah bekerja dengan baik dan akurat dengan kecepatan rata-rata 0,43s dan akurasi 100% mendekati aplikasi pembaca NFC Tools, untuk teknologi pembaca Kode QR di aplikasi juga telah bekerja dengan baik dan akurat dengan waktu rata-rata 2,872s dan akurasi 100 % dekat dengan aplikasi pembaca Kode QR yang ada. Aplikasi berhasil menampilkan informasi pada peralatan PLC Utama 08 dalam waktu rata-rata: laporan kondisi terbaru untuk peralatan 0.806s, formulir inspeksi 1.304s, gambar diagram garis tunggal 21.496s, datasheet 19.158s dan SOP 19.648s. Berhasil mengirim data inspeksi ke Google Drive dan database Firebase dengan benar dalam waktu rata-rata 1.5184 detik.
“Herkes için bilgisayar bilimleri!” söylemiyle birlikte önce kodlama ve ardından bilgi işlemsel düşünme son yıllarda artan bir ivmeyle Dünya’da birçok ülkede ve Türkiye’de ilgi çeken konular haline gelmiştir. Birçok ülkenin öğretim programlarında kodlama ve bilgi işlemsel düşünme yer almaya başlamıştır. Türkiye’de 2018-19 öğretim yılı itibariyle, kodlama ve bilgi işlemsel düşünmeyi içeren, ilkokul 1-4. sınıf düzeyinde Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım dersi, serbest etkinlik dersleri kapsamında sınıf öğretmenlerinin kullanımına sunulmuştur. Türkiye’de kodlama öğretimine en çok ilgi gösterenler arasında sınıf öğretmenleri önde gelmektedir. Bu araştırmada; sınıf öğretmenleri açısından bilgi işlemsel düşünme ve kodlama konularına yönelik bir kapsam belirleme incelemesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; sınıf öğretmenlerinin Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım dersinde bilgi işlemsel düşünme ve kodlamanın yanı sıra, verdikleri tüm derslerde bilişim teknolojileriyle ilgili rol ve sorumluluklarının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kodlama öğretimi ve bilgi işlemsel düşünme konusunda sınıf öğretmenleri için öğretim alanlarına yönelik eğitim olanaklarının ve öğretim materyali kaynaklarının sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Ulusal alanyazında bilgi işlemsel düşünme ve kodlamayla ilgili ilkokul düzeyinde veya sınıf öğretmenlerini konu alan araştırmaların çok az sayıda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenleri açısından bilgi işlemsel düşünme ve kodlama konularında belirsizliklerin giderilmesine yönelik araştırma önerilerine yer verilmiştir.
To date, researchers are still debating the poor instructional design for certain developed learning applications or courseware in supporting the flexibility to the student. The instructional design is vital in ensuring that learners obtain effective and meaningful to them for a better subject understanding. However, ignoring the functionality and bugs issues in a courseware development should not be practiced. The courseware developer should acknowledge the importance of instructional design and system development model to meet the user and system requirements. Given the resemblances between software development and instructional design phases, researchers could integrate certain importance techniques in software development model’s phases into the ISD model to enhance the design solutions as well as the application technical parts. This paper highlights the integration of Waterfall model as the software development model with ADDIE model which is one of the established ISD models. The integration of Waterfall-ADDIE model was adopted to develop the digital video learning application for university students. A system testing and user acceptance testing were conducted to validate the courseware can meet the system and user requirements. This paper demonstrates all the phases involved in Waterfall model and ADDIE model are interrelated and practically being integrated to propose high-quality development of instructional design learning material.
本稿では，諸外国と日本のコンピュータサイエンス（以下，CS）教育のカリキュラムのタイムラグに関する状況を調査することで，今後発生する新たな社会的要請や研究成果をCS教育のカリキュラムにタイムラグ少なく導入していくための改善の方向性について日本が示唆を得ることを目的とした。その結果，カリキュラムの変更時期であることを認識した後実際に改訂カリキュラムを起草するまでに要する時間である意思決定のタイムラグに関して，日本は課題があることが示唆された。日本のような定期的なカリキュラムの更新サイクルは，持続性や効率性の観点から多くの国で採用されているものの，新たな社会的要請や研究成果への迅速な対応が難しいとされる。日本においては，継続的な部分改訂を可能にするカリキュラム・フレームワークの仕組みの設計が，社会的要請や研究成果をカリキュラムにタイムラグ少なく導入していくための改善の一つの方向性として示される。
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