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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESILIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL AQUACULTURE: A STUDY OF COMMUNITY CAPITALS IN THE SHRIMP-FARMING ZONE IN BANGLADESH
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While industrial aquaculture is one of the key components in sociology of global agro-food systems, climate change vulnerabilities and resilience at community levels are a growing concern in the twenty-first century environmental sociology. Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world; however, its growth trajectory is confronted with various challenges including climate disruptions. Since both aquaculture and climate change have regional variations, comprehensive understanding of their complex interconnections requires systematic investigation. In various parts of the world, especially in the Global South, aquacultural countries are assessing these interconnections and devising resilience-enhancing programmes for development of the sector. Using a conceptual thread comprised of global climate change and community resilience, this thesis critically examines how the shrimp aquaculture industry in Bangladesh is affected by climate disruptions and how the shrimp farming communities address these challenges. A triangulation of methods – incorporating content analysis of secondary sources, ethnography, and qualitative interview – was adopted in collecting data on the commercial shrimp farming in Bangladesh. All collected data were analysed qualitatively. The findings from this research suggest that there is a clearly visible resilience gradient in the shrimp aquaculture industry in Bangladesh: individual shrimp farmers and households play a central role in resilience enhancement, while other stakeholders including community, state, and civil society organizations have moderate-to-little involvement in aiding resilience in the sector. Finally, this research aims to expand sociological knowledge by applying a community resilience framework to adaptation, which incorporates community capitals and architecture of entitlements as the working ground of climate change and resilience dimensions, in aquaculture communities in the global South. In specific terms, this study contributes to sociology of climate change and resilience by providing thick qualitative narratives on local community-level dynamics of actions and transformations from a site where climate change is a day-to-day reality. Additionally, this research contributes to sociology of aquaculture by providing some fascinating insights into a specific aquaculture-based livelihood sector, i.e. industrial shrimping in Bangladesh.
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... In addition, human encroachment, wetland reclamation, and sand mining change river courses and constrain available aquatic habitats, affecting aquaculture ventures and fish populations [33,36]. Overdraft of groundwater by agriculture and for urban use continues to impact the base flows in rivers, causing seasonal drying in some sections of the river and threatening aquaculture-based societies [37]. Confronting these systemic changes requires integrated water resource management, environmentally sustainable aquaculture, and climate resilience to enable the long-term viability of Bangladesh's aquaculture sector. ...
Water is a key component for living organisms and sustainable livelihood. Bangladesh has several water sources that flow throughout the country and eventually drain into the Bay of Bengal. Water quality parameters are crucial for livestock and aquaculture as they directly or indirectly affect feed intake. Animal health status is influenced by water quality and key parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, ammonia, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), among others. Aquaculture and livestock producers may not be aware that the river and lake water they use plays a vital role in the metabolic processes of organisms, directly affecting their production and health. The objective of this article is to explore the water quality that can have progressively synergistic effects on aquaculture products and livestock through sustainable water management practices. Contamination of drinking water causes water-borne diseases and has a significant impact on fish growth and productivity. Therefore, biological treatment is crucial to reduce nitrate levels and provide safe water. In addition, emphasis should be placed on biotechnological water management and environmental factors, and indicator measurements should be focused on freshwater riverbanks.
... These organisations provide opportunities for community members to interact with a wide range of people. Community members with rich social capital easily find support through various connections linked with specific goals (Kais, 2018). Community members who lack social capital have a limited capacity to cope with stresses or disturbances (Masterson et al., 2014;Minkler, 2005). ...
This paper contributes to the understanding of community resilience in tourism development in the destination community. Accordingly, we propose a ‘co-flourishing’ framework integrating community resilience and tourism development by mobilising six types of community capital – human, social, natural, physical, financial, and psychological – which strengthen community capacity during disturbances or crises. We argue that the existing understanding of the tourism system tends to be resource-driven and market-oriented. Such approaches neglect the needs of the destination community, which should have adequate resources for its goal of providing a good life for its members. We first review the six forms of community capital and their implications for community resilience, and argue that tourism development has a negative impact on various kinds of community capital – particularly in destination communities. Hence, we propose a co-flourishing framework which advocates a paradigm change in tourism development to cater to the capital needs of the community. The proposed framework highlights practical long-term policy suggestions for tourism development and planning. We identify further necessary research is needed to accumulate empirical evidence to better apply the co-flourishing framework in various development scenarios in both developing and developed economies.
The credibility of the food industry is often undermined by the recurrent food safety incidents around the world. Beyond the physical level, considerable economic burden results from these crises in terms of healthcare use, lost sales, and food recalls. Customers, nowadays, not only ask for quality but also authenticity and transparency of food labelling information. Therefore, traceability has been embedded as a mandatory requirement in policies and legislations. Traceability is an information management technique that entails data recording and communication about a food product as it moves through the supply chain. Although manual paper-based traceability systems are still visible, food operators are widely adopting computerised traceability systems where automatic identification and sensor technologies are utilised. Despite the use of emergent technologies, costly food incidents caused by inefficient traceability systems are still prevalent around the globe, which is a result of information loss in the traceability systems either within a supply chain operator or between the links. Well-organized approaches to enhance information flow and reduce information loss in traceability systems are still not adequately present in the literature. To fill up this gap, this research develops and applies tools and techniques that will support food supply chain operators to systematically reengineer their traceability systems so that they can minimise the information loss and improve supply chain efficiency. Four contributions have been made as follows: 1) constructing a generic theoretical framework of food traceability; 2) proposing a novel material and information flow modelling technique; 3) building a methodology for selecting the most favourable traceability technologies and; 4) developing an information loss analysis technique to apply in a specific case study of Bangladeshi export shrimp supply chain. This research, enabling coherent understanding, collaborative design, optimum technology planning, and evaluation of the information loss risks, offers systematic approaches in reengineering food traceability systems.
In rural Bangladesh, nowadays shrimp cultivation has become a common sight, especially along with the coastal areas. As a result, traditional crop production is seldom found there. Thus, change in occupations has already taken place. This has affected the living pattern of the rural poor. The impact is also noticeable socially and culturally. So, this study has been carried out at Bujbunia village in Khulna district where shrimp cultivation increased over the years. This paper shows how this shrimp cultivation brought a negative impact on the social life of the rural poor of that village and thus the changes in occupation took place. All the respondents of the study area are engaged in different occupations. The study was conducted with the help of a questionnaire survey, case study, rapid rural appraisal and participant observation. The study also presents the results, followed by some recommendations.
A network of embankments is presently being constructed, in the coastal regions of East Pakistan, to protect approximately 3,400,000 acres of land from seasonal monsoon flooding, saline water inundation at periodic high tides, and abnormal storm surges resulting from cyclonic storms. This project, scheduled for completion in 1975, will require the construction of approximately 920 drainage sluices and the placement of approximately 350,000,000 cu yd of earth. All earth is placed by head baskets, and sluices are constructed by local methods with a minimum use of mechanical equipment. However, by initiating a program of scheduling, budgeting, and project control, and by using the capabilities of local manufacturers, the project is progressing on schedule, with a minimum expenditure of scarce foreign exchange.
This book is an introduction to climate science and global change. It includes the scientific background in physics, chemistry and biology. The science chapters are interleaved with biographical material including personal reminiscences.
The science chapters discuss the history of development of ideas in geology, the discovery of Earth’s very different climates in the distant past, and the climate oscillations of the ice ages. Special treatment is given to past warm climates. The role of greenhouse gases in controlling Earth’s climate, along with a discussion of the associated physics. It develops the idea that humans have played a role in climate change throughout the past few millennia, rather than just since the beginning of the industrial revolution. It concludes by introducing the idea that the result of the present perturbation may be the transition to an ice-free warm world.
Climate change is arguably the great problem confronting humanity, but we have done little to head off this looming catastrophe. In The Perfect Moral Storm, philosopher Stephen Gardiner illuminates our dangerous inaction by placing the environmental crisis in an entirely new light, considering it as an ethical failure. Gardiner clarifies the moral situation, identifying the temptations (or ""storms"") that make us vulnerable to a certain kind of corruption. First, the world's most affluent nations are tempted to pass on the cost of climate change to the poorer and weaker citizens of the world.
Global aquaculture is one of the key features of present global agro-food systems. Though aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, its growth trajectory is confronted with various challenges including climate disruptions. Since both aquaculture and climate change have regional variations, their interconnections are very complex and require systematic investigation. In various regions of the world, especially in the Global South, aquaculture countries are assessing those interconnections and devising resilience-enhancing programs for the development of the sector. Thorough investigations are required for a comprehensive understanding of the complex interconnections between climate vulnerability and resilience of global aquaculture. Drawing on primary and secondary data from the Bangladesh shrimp sector, and using conceptual lenses of global climate change and resilience, this chapter critically examines how the industrial shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh is affected by climate disruptions and how the shrimp farming communities address these challenges.