Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya

Abstract

Based on historical data and comparative data from neighboring Mayan languages, grammaticalization paths in all areas of Yucatec grammar are described.

Full text

CLIPP
Christiani Lehmanni inedita, publicanda, publicata
titulus
Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya
huius textus situs retis mundialis
christianlehmann.eu/publ/ lehmann_grammaticalization_maya .pdf
dies manuscripti postremum modificati
29.03.2020
occasio orationis habitae
Symposium on Grammaticalization, Universität Mainz, 12 – 15
March, 2015
volumen publicationem continens
Bisang, Walter & Malchukov, Andrej (eds.), Grammaticalization
scenarios. Areal patterns and cross-linguistic variation. Berlin &
Boston: de Gruyter Mouton
annus publicationis
2020
paginae
803-852

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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya "
Figure 1 Current distribution of Mayan languages
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya 7
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya I
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(9$:
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de Motul'/K#++-/6")E1
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 I#)    $      
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!/
E
 
-eh!-Vb'',"--3C
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                 
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1MC"#"B
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   
C'#-
"00/     BC      A    

N<N;<

Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya #
 
 #
(7*
 / "  I

'1O/55+-
Table 1 Origin of some Modern Yucatec numeral classifiers
  
G<  héek’N<
:<  láak’N<
:< C! pach’?@
H<  pich’N<
<G ! nomen patientisp’elN<P'
-
H  nomen patientistichNC<
H  nomen patientistsilN<
C< ?@ xa’y N<
3 C  p’éel         
!

E
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      $ '-    
#$R
       N < '% zu dritt-$R
C
'-  ;   C'E16,I*I-
/ BS$E;/T.ED1>   .(
N<*N<
 C  UU   ; '/6")*I6-
 LB.  /TQ> E% /.(;K7
N$<
7001*'"6-F!
I00&C*-
"-V
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$'láak’tíich-
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N<'B1X)"6#-
   F X'F-   :;F
7 $Q/.(   7 KB( ;T.
N'- <'K 1X))5-
ti’a’l
E para    '7-  ti’a’l    A 
Epara

 $
/'-
Q.'I-MQ.'6-

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/ $.&\ 7/.(.(  /( Q .(
N4]
'#- C      '/6")*I7-
/  BS$E  $.&\ .( $Q/.(
N^<
'6-   '/6")*I6-
/  LB. 
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$EA
& "# 
lay'K.-=la’
=lo’=le’+1:'+-
'+-  1   '1:+I65I-
/ QB%  LB K"
NZ<'*N<-
$1:<?leSQK.@Q.
Q.lK.
',-
',-   ;< N<
  ;< N<
 ;< N<
T=o’=a’C
          le Hwaan=o’ N><
ET
'5-

Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya ,
'5-     F  F _
 '$."E%-'17- LB 7  KB( 7 KB( C
NC_< ' //X)7,-
BC             

N< Chun
N</CE
 hun                     
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya 5
Table 2 Modern Yucatec denominal local prepositions
  !&!! 
iknal C ti’Siknal` `
táan  ti’Stáan`atáanil ti’` `
paach  ti’Spaach`apaachil ti’` `
óok'ol  ti’Sóok’ol` `
áanal  ti’Sáanal` `
tséel  ti’Stséel` `
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 '+I-
C 
ZZ
 AA
*=a’=o’=e’C

$ lay

' !
' !
 
CM
C 
1*
•$C 
!
!'7"-
•$C1!
$!1
!
•1
E
!'',6--

Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya 

N <N1< 7 1
'455)*+-&C 
.
Table 3 Proto-Mayan pronominal paradigms
1
E '- 
" '- 
7 a ∅
. A'- <
" '- C
7 '- <
$ C
$C+$
 1
Cd'5-C
'5-  C;F
=FB=/J$F ?.&\1"E%@;
N<
 C;CFA
?.&\1"E%@;? 7@
N,<'L55)*7II-
'")-   
 .&\ 1"E%
N<
 ; F
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya I
='L5,#7"-'"6-'-
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya #
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Figure 3 Syntagmatic position of set B
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C CM'7-

Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya 6
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
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/     M   lay N< '
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
"7
I*
Table 4 Modern Yucatec free personal pronouns


 
  <
"  <C
7 < <<
ti’'(-1'
-        le 
A
!
leI
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 C]
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(
C

Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya +
' /&(!
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(9
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 CC&

C!'77-
'77-  l : '/6")*I-
/ E% /.('17- E%*
N$<
CQ.$
'7I-
'7I- ; F ; :
 .K&\; 7 /.( (T/; 7 
N<'J4< Q)I6-
$CC!
''77--C
'% (!
/#
'/6")-N<
máakN<N<ba’lN<!
C/6")*+,bahunNA
< C-x
ixN<'I-
/

Table 5 Yucatec interrogative proforms
 


 &
 C :C 
 '-C <C 
, C <C 
,00(9toN<'."))7toan-

Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya ,
 '-C C 
 C C 
 C C 
%    mac bal  bahun   
AM

C-x$
M-xC
-nCba’nN<tu’nN<&

 (*
 0*
3C
1C CM&I
C'7#-
'7#-     
/ 7 /.(17  E%
N'-<'kamnicte-
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C'7I
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 1
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/
    6M        pausa


Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya 5
Table 6 Colonial Yucatec status conjugation
  
 Z╲   
 ! \  \ '-
 '- '-'- 
 !  
   '-Z5
 \ 
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CC7I"$
 1C
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7#I+-E
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Figure 4 Syntagmatic relation between auxiliary and status
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'7,-'I7-'I"-
'I"-    h      
/ $.&\ =DT " $Q/.( " KB(  7 [$QKT\
N'-<'lici lic-
Jlic JCc(i)
'I7-*
'I7-   ; ^
/  $.&\; " KK$Q/.(
N3^<
  G  
E% $.&\ E%KK$Q/.(
N$$<'/6")*6+-
$'I7- CR
C k
      C        
C'7,-
% (!
.$/
tan"I'II-CN<
'II- ;  L
/ (T/; 7 
N<'E16,I*75-
'II-           
"I 
ti’'I#- V
B75V
'I#- :  :  
/ 7* 7 $Q/.( E% 
 l
/TQ> / DE. EE/.('17E%-
N<*N
<'/6")*#+-
"I00.M
4<AA

Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya "7
ti’
ti’ likB75*$
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C
'I#-J
'I6-/<
C
táan
'I6-    W 
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1:'+I6-tan'I+-
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya "I
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya "6
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya "+
'6)- C    ;
/  7  E% ;K7
   
&D E% ED1>'17E%- 
N$<<'1:+I6"55
"5-
!C
C
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  C bin '   C _-      
         C táan
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            C   
 C
7I" '6-
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 &D ED1>'17-  &D E% ED1>'17-
NJ$F'S$. (X)7"-
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/C!
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TcibM
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Cbeet/meentN<Ka’h
Qka’h
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C$
7#"3
benel/binel/binN<
C
'6I-


Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya "5
'6I-     
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'6#- 1    
/ $Q/.( E%  E%*/ DE'ED1>17- .(
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*!
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ti 
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'66-*
'66-  '-      C
/ $Q/.( 7  E% $Q/.( E% 
N$<'/6")*65-
&A
ka’hbin
'6+-
'6+-    F CH F   ;F
 $&D E% '$Q/.(- (T/ LB  ;K7
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   F  CH  
$&D E% E% KK'ED1>17-  
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.
C
•CM
•3M

C   
C!
C' '#+--
CC
8 !
$

3
/
h-
$C'7I"-
'+-
'+- ! C  J '/6")*+#-
/ /T./.('17-ED1>1E% (T/G
N$G<
D
!'+"-'+7-

Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya 7
'+"- ;  :l  G
/ ;/T.'/.(-1E% E% 'ED1>- E% .(
N$<'/6")*#"-
'+7- ;  l l
/ ;/T./.('17- E%LB. 
N'-'-$< '/6")*66-

        yaanhih N < sáashih N  
<$
' 'I5--/
'+I-'+"-
'+I-  F  ;F
 LB   1E%;T.
  W ;F
 7 $Q/.(;K"
N$<'S$. (X)I7-
h-'+-ka’ch
'+#-
'+#- F  F F : F F;F
 EE&D .( '$Q/.(-.(    Z;K7
N<' //X)#"5-

% !&
% 3(*
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L!C
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N< '+6-tu 

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 /.(. EE'17- (T/; 7 7 
N<'/")Ixotk’iin-
T
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'++- FC F F W
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya 7"
$   C  men(el) ` N `<   `< <
!'+,-''+--
'+,- W ; 
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N$'-< '/6")*6,-
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tinmenN< tamenN<'/
6")*77-tumenC
 tumen teen N<
&!'+5-
'+5-  ;< <  <
 LB ;K   
N<'/")Is.v.
chi’chnak-
E
!
$/!ca
'káa-'/TQ>-'-BI)',"- 
wáahN<

'I,-'#7-$!
$tumenwáah tumen

% *!
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éetel`' -N`<<"61
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Tti’V
VC',)-
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Grammaticalization in Yucatec Maya 77
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(y)etel',-
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/ BS$E;/T.&D'17- LD1  (T/   (T/ 
N<'/6")*",-

yéetel
!CEyN<
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',"-       C
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•CA
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