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Impact of Social Media Use of University Students

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Social Media is one of the most important source through which people can easily get updated information and they have easy access to online global knowledge bank. Students could utilize the social media as endless source of learning. This kind of stream is suitable for IT learning. The title survey was done on the nature of social media uses by the students of two reputed universities in Bangladesh to clarify the impact on their other daily diverse actions. The information were collected from 502 students on a random basis from both of the universities by providing questionnaire. We have assessed the obtained information through descriptive statistical methods to explain the results. Some important findings in the study show that everyone possesses and uses at least one social media site and many have more than one. They spend more than one hour daily to use social media. Facebook is the most popular among all other social media activity. Students have high positive perception, low negative attitude, and moderate dependency on social media.
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International Journal of Statistics and Applications 2019, 9(1): 36-43
DOI: 10.5923/j.statistics.20190901.05
Impact of Social Media Use of University Students
Shilpi Rani Saha1,*, Arun Kanti Guha2
1Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Department of Textile Engineering, Southeast University, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract Social Media is one of the most important source through which people can easily get updated information and
they have easy access to online global knowledge bank. Students could utilize the social media as endless source of learning.
This kind of stream is suitable for IT learning. The title survey was done on the nature of social media uses by the students of
two reputed universities in Bangladesh to clarify the impact on their other daily diverse actions. The information were
collected from 502 students on a random basis from both of the universities by providing questionnaire. We have assessed the
obtained information through descriptive statistical methods to explain the results. Some important findings in the study show
that everyone possesses and uses at least one social media site and many have more than one. They spend more than one hour
daily to use social media. Facebook is the most popular among all other social media activity. Students have high positive
perception, low negative attitude, and moderate dependency on social media.
Keywords Impact, Use, Social media
1. Introduction
Emergence and rapidly change information and
communication technology has a significant impact on social
networking/ social media. Now just with a press on a button
we can see our near and dear one on the screen does not
matter where he/she lives [1].
The use of social networking sites such as Facebook,
Messenger, Imo, WhatsApp and Viber offer youth a portal
for entertainment and communication which permits
consumers to keep in touch with others and reshaping their
daily life. Though there are many positive benefits and
impacts of using social medias, the recent Cambridge
Analytica scandal has lighten deliberations about our lives
for the place of social media and social networking sites [2].
Facebook is popular and its growth has been rapid around
the world [3]. As of the first quarter of 2018, the number of
Facebook active users worldwide is approximately 2.19
billion (Facebook, 2018).
The changes are happening exponentially in recent years.
Perhaps, with the expansion of mobile technology it is
playing a vital role in restructuring the social networking.
Mobile devices have given an easy access in internet
regardless anywhere/anytime and how it is dominating in
terms of total minutes spent online. This set the resources to
connect frequently on various devices in their hands [1].
* Corresponding author:
ssashilpi@yahoo.com (Shilpi Rani Saha)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/statistics
Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Scientific & Academic Publishing
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Actually students are fond of social media for many
reasons. Firstly, social networks give a feel of freedom to do
whatever they want to upload what they want and talk to
whom they want. They can make new friends and comment
on the posts inbox by them. Social media actually has given
students a place where they can create virtual community
that may create conflicts in the real world. It gives them the
liberty to fascinate themselves with more freedom. It was
just impossible just a decade before for young attentions to
generate a digital appearance of their activities through such
a unprompted medium [4]. The excess usage of social media
of people diverted them from watching television and
listening radio [5, 6].
Researchers are involved in research works on social
media how people are being so attached with this day by
day. They have been trying to figure out the nature and
quality of the activities conducted on social media. There
are significant differences between online and offline
relationship [7].
Now students is the largest user of social media which
influencing them to change their daily life, behaviors,
community approaches, public life and the bodily events. It
has become a immense challenge for the society to address
this issue and strongly recommended each member of the
society should pay more concern in this substance [8].
Facebook, Messenger, Imo, WhatsApp and Viber have
rapidly transform ever-present in recent couple of years
among all age group particularly young groups mostly
maladaptive due to extreme uses [9, 10]. It has been
identified following a recent research that excessive
browsing of social networking sites (SNS) causes an impact
on interactive addiction, categorically 10% of students
endorsed a set of requirement habitually thought of as being
International Journal of Statistics and Applications 2019, 9(1): 36-43 37
characteristic of material addiction, including acceptance, or
an increase in time spent on the sites, removal, or annoyance
or touchiness when incapable to access these websites, and
desires for SNS use [11]. Extreme involvement in SNS use
has been connected to a different damages in psychosocial
activities with loosing tolerances, showing gloomy
symptoms, creating problems with interactions, and compact
physical movement, lack in the real world community
contribution, and decreasing academic success [12-14].
Now social media has ignited as a type of online
dissertation where people generate content, share it, and
bookmark it, and network at a remarkable rate. As a
consequence of its ease of use, rapidity and reach, social
media is fast shifting the community dissertation in society
and locale trends and schedule in topics that range from the
situation and politics to technology and the amusement
industry [15]. The online world has improved drastically in
last one decade, thanks to the creation of social media, young
people share ideas, moods and audio visual materials with
cheap rate.
Martn, (2008) & Lusk, (2010) [16, 17] is aligned with the
same perception with social media and according to them
social media is the use of Facebook, Blogs, Twitter, My
Space and LinkedIn for multi purposes such as
communication, sharing photos as well as videos. The
widespread use of social networking websites has converted
global situation in the last couple of years. What happening
out as a hobby for particular computer knowledgeable
persons has become a social standard and lifestyle for people
from all over the world [18]. Young generation has
particularly incorporated these sites as a way to attach with
their peers, share material, reinvent their behaviors, and
setting their social lives [18].
Person to person communication and communication
through internet and social networking websites are two
completely different platform of sharing ideas and views.
Throughout the communication using these websites, they
trail instant message (IM) and chatting as well as status or
Twitter updates to conversation to friends and direct
themselves [19]. Kaitlin (2010) [19] added opines that social
networking websites likewise touch the way we obtain
information and update. The sites accelerate different portals
concluded which we get information and make additional
various news openings.
The people of Bangladesh are using different kinds of
social Media as a platform of communication and sharing
their views. The position of Bangladesh is ranked 10th among
the top twenty countries with the highest number of internet
users according to the research conducted by Internet World
Stats. Internet penetration rate as of June, 2017 was 44.5% in
Bangladesh [20, 21]. Facebook is the most popular social
media in Bangladesh followed by YouTube. According to
Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission
(BTRC), 50% of mobile internet bandwidth and 17% of ISP
internet bandwidth are used for Facebook. Dhaka is a city of
twenty two million active Facebook users. It is the 2nd
highest among all other cities in the world as per survey
conducted by Global Digital Statshot. Recent report of
Statcounter shows that as of January 2018, Bangladeshhas
93.07 million Facebook users whereas number of YouTube
users was 4.93 million [22].
73% Facebook user in Bangladesh is within the age range
of 13 to 25 while rest is over 25 as per BTRC report. This
statistic shows that the parents don’t have clear idea about
the usage of Facebook as well as other usage of internet.
Because of absence of knowledge about the usage of social
media, the parents get panicked and have negative
understanding about the impact of social media in education.
Networking is connecting individuals in every moment of
life all over the world. Around 3.3 billion people, about half
of the total population of the world use some form of social
media according to a report published in January 2018. As
per report a leading newspaper of Bangladesh (The Daily
Star) it was state that overall penetration of social media is
significant in Bangladesh. Dhaka claims the second leading
number of lively Facebook users in the world. Operators
are involved in a variety of actions, such as continuing
personal linking, receiving news, observing for information,
discovery entertainment.
This study has been designed to identify on how the
excessive use of social media can affect among university
student from their personal and social life. The finding of this
research hopefully will create an awareness among
university students accessing social media. Therefore, the
primary reason of this research is to determine the impact of
excessive use of social media of Bangladeshi University
students.
2. Methodology and Data Source
The method which was adopted for this research was
descriptive-comparative research design. The data for it was
collected with the help of a survey with a questionnaire.
We have collected responses from two universities of
Bangladesh for this study. Printed questionnaire was given to
the respondents whose are enrolled in the university and
requested to fill up the questionnaire instantly. Filled up
questionnaire was collected and analyzed later. Percentages
and frequency table counts were calculated by using SPSS.
Sample size for the research done is 502 which is evenly
collected from both the University. The respondents are
undergraduate students of those Universities whose age
range is between eighteen and twenty five years.
To select universities to do the research the
convenience-sampling technique was used. Five-point Likert
scale, check box, MCQ and dichotomous scales were the
tools used in for this study. The questionnaire which was
designed distributed consisted of 29 items. The questionnaire
had consisted of two parts, Part I held the respondents’
personal data such as age, gender, semester and department.
Part II was consists of the questions for analyzing the
students’ point-of-view regarding the social networking sites.
38 Shilpi Rani Saha and Arun Kanti Guha: Impact of Social Media Use of University Students
The questions were made on the foundation of readings in
apposite thesis, journal articles, and magazines as well as
conference with experts. The data was subjected to pictorial
analysis, explicitly percentage and frequency table counts,
and SPSS was used to analyze the data.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Gender Distribution
The starting of the questionnaire was with demographical
questions, the gender and the age of the respondents’ were
asked. Data was congregate even handed from both sex
groups to make the study prototypical. It has been attained as
there were 80% male and 19.5% female respondents. We get
confirmation from the study that male students were more
concerned in with social media than the female students. The
comprehensive data are bestowed in Figure 1.
Figure 1. As per gender wise distribution of students
3.2. Age Distribution
Age classification of those who were engaged in the
survey are from less than 18 year old 1 %t, 18 21 years old
52%, 22 27 year and above 47%.
Figure 2. Classify Respondents based on Age level
3.3. Social Media Platform
The following figure will illustrate the depicted
delineation of social media individual in Bangladesh. The
sample data were found by the survey which was done
among 502 students. It shows the behavior of the social
networking site users. We have attached here the common
social networking sites (SNS) which Bangladeshi people use.
From fig 3 we can see that 63.7% use Facebook, 19.5% use
YouTube, 9.3% use Instagram and 7.3% use Twitter.
Figure 3. Mostly using social media platform
3.4. Primary Reason of Social Media Use
After the use of social media students get to express
themselves and be joyous by the help of the venues provided
by social media. They can be updated on their friends and on
the doings of them by simply going to their profile and
checking their pictures just in a click of a button. They also
get to keep themselves updated with others by posting their
pictures for others to observe. In our study an ornamentation
on the use of social media by students:
Table 1. Primary reason for using social media
Using social media primarily for
Percent of Cases
N
Downloading music/Video
165
32.9
Uploading music/Video
62
12.4
Posting photos
74
14.7
Blogging
69
13.7
Creating polls/Quizzes or survey
47
9.4
Chatting
227
45.2
Submitting article to website
24
4.8
Communication with teachers/Class fellow
81
16.1
Watching sports news
41
8.2
To know world views and news and for
taking knowledge, chatting
8
1.6
To see important documentary
1
0.2
International Journal of Statistics and Applications 2019, 9(1): 36-43 39
Information in Table 1 identify the reasons for utilization
of social media by students. The table manifests that most of
the users; 45.2% utilize social media for chatting with others.
The second is 32.9% for downloading music or video. 16.1%
use it for educational purpose. Posting photos 14.7% is also a
primary reason for using social media among university
students. Some students 13.7% have interest for Blogging
in social media. 12.4% use social media for uploading music
and video. 9.4% use it for Creating polls or survey purposes.
4.8% use social media for submitting article in the website.
8.2% watch sports news by using social media.
3.5. Hours Spending on Social Media
Fig 4 illustrates about time spending on social media per
day. Time spending on social media meant how long they
were logged on the site. 21.5% users use social media 1.5 to
2 hours per day. 16.7% uses 2 to 2.5 hours per day. 11.75%
use it for 1 to 1.5 hours. 14.14% use it for ½ to 1 hour. 9.56%
use it for 0 to ½ hour. 11.9% use social media for 2.5 to 3
hours. The respondents said that they did not continuously
use of SMSs but are live on SMSs during some of this time.
Three or more than three hours uses 14.3% users. There are
many spiteful users in social media and these accounts are
used often. As per studies which have done recently [23] it
shows that normal people spend 90 minutes on average in
social media daily, which is somewhat more than what our
survey deduced, this proposes that, around the globe, people
are less vulnerable to social media usage in their daily lives
than we currently are. Another possibility is that students of
our country have more free time in comparison to others so
they can easily manage additional time to browse on social
media.
Figure 4. Hours spending on social media
3.6. Spend Gigabyte on Mobile Data
The majority of the respondent (44.4%) answered that
they use unlimited internet package on their mobile phone. It
is also discernible that the value which is the second highest:
2 Gb (11.2%) and it is very close to 3 GB (10.2%). Monthly
using pattern of 1 GB and 5 Gb is almost same (6.4%). 4.2%
use 10 Gb on a monthly basis. Others user are very close.
It is observed that out of the total population half of the total
people use additional 2GBeach month, which leads us to the
conclusion that there are heavy data users who use the
internet in multiple apps for daily activities and necessities
such as internet browsing, social networking, gaming and
for work. We as well as see that there are still some people
who use data for their essential purposes rather than for
recreation.
The pie chart (Fig.5) shows clearly that how people prefer
using WI-FI over mobile data, there are a few reasons for this
which are that firstly it is cost-efficient and secondly it has a
faster speed and bit rate. Another remarkable feature of using
WI-FI is that it is significantly cheaper which leads to the
fact that most people use it in their homes, plus there is no
added surcharge excluding the monthly installment which
most people pay to their ISP/service-provider. People also
use free WI-FI at places provides, if possible.
Figure 5. Mobile Data expenditure intensity
3.7. Prefer to Interact with People on Social Media
Rather than Face to Face
Figure 6. Like to interact with others in social media sites rather than to
go out on the open and interact face to face
40 Shilpi Rani Saha and Arun Kanti Guha: Impact of Social Media Use of University Students
According to present study most people believe that
interacting with people on social media and social
networking sites is basically the same. On networks such as
Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, it has become prolific
for the fast time for communicating, 45.8% people who
responded on the survey say that the interaction time with
people on social media and people on reality are the same
due to several reasons. 45% said they are more comfortable
to interact with people in face to face. And others 9% are
unwilling to express their preference.
3.8. Effect of Social Media
Nowadays in every one’s life social media have become
an inevitable part. Multitude of students in Bangladesh pass a
majority of valuable time by speculate about online social
media sites. So it is essential to speak briefly the effects of
using social media sites on the community. It is observed that
(Fig.7) 32.6% university students mentioned social media
very much affects them. And 14.7% mentioned that social
media does not affect them at all. Others are very close to
25.6% affect them partly and 24.5% does not affect them too
much.
Figure 7. Effect of social networking site
3.9. Students Perception for Using Cell Phones
By the help of the cell phones students now can find
venues where they can go and interact with others physically.
They can get updated on information about on what others
are doing by basically just going to profiles or pictures in a
click of a button. Students also post their own pictures online
so that others can know about them and what they are doing.
Moreover to get real time access from anywhere with the
access to the internet many web-based social networking
sites have been created such as Facebook and Twitter with
mobile applications to be easily accessible around the clock
from anywhere. Moreover, many more social networks have
been created such as Instagram, to allow groups of people to
be built around with the functionality of a mobile.
It is discovered that the different patterns of using social
media on mobile phone on the daily life of students’ are:
Table 2 shows the using behavior of cell phone. Almost
half of the students (48.5%) are connected with social
media. 32.3% students use Facebook to send message from
someone and 21% refresh themselves through Facebook
news feed. 38.1% students use phone for watching video in
YouTube. About one fourth (25.1%) students use Google in
their cell phone. 24.6% students send text someone. 23.2%
students keep their mobile phone for all times. 24.4% sleep
keeping phone beside them. 29.1% called someone and
speak to them over phone. 23.2% students post something on
social media. 21.2% respondents claimed that social media
is massively responsible for their studies delayed, 9.8%
claimed that phone interrupted their conversation or meal.
The findings tells us that most of the students’ are sensible
and interested in using mobile phone for accessing social
media in their daily life.
Table 2. Students perception for using cell phone
Responses
Percent
of Cases
N
Social media is checked by me
243
48.5
I communicated with someone through
facebook ( or another social networking site)
162
32.3
I chatted with someone
123
24.6
My phone was on me always
116
23.2
My phone was beside me while I was
sleeping
122
24.4
I called someone and spoke to them
146
29.1
Something was posted by me in social media
116
23.2
My study was delayed to check social media
106
21.2
My conversation or meal was interrupted by
my phone
49
9.8
The Facebook news feed was reinvigorated
by me
105
21.0
I sent a picture of myself to someone (e.g.
snap chat selfie)
59
11.8
I goggled something
126
25.1
I watched you tube video
191
38.1
3.10. Earn Money from Social Media
Figure 8. Earn Money from Social Media
International Journal of Statistics and Applications 2019, 9(1): 36-43 41
Social media seems to be growing by leaps and bounds
every day. And with it come viable opportunities for
individuals and business too. It is shown on research and
found out that on average a person spends around two hours
on social media but if the person is addicted he probably
spends more.
Nowadays by the help of social media many people can
earn money. The survey data (Fig.8) show that 67.3% never
earn money from social media. And 8% answered that they
do not know about the process of earning money from social
media. On the other hand, 24.7% earned money by using
social media. From the study we see that, among students
social media is more popular in common use rather than
earning money from it.
3.11. Social Media Impact on Student Life
Table 3. Impact of social media on student life
Percent of
Cases
Not hampered totally
37.63
It just help me on attitude and brave to
talk with others
0.40
Help me in various way
3.02
Delayed my study
1.81
Communicate with others easily
17.71
Waste my time
30.38
Affect my study
5.63
Share files
1.01
Corrected each other
0.80
Learning knowledge of sports
0.60
Helps me for news update
7.24
helping blood donation
1.01
important news to see
1.21
too much addiction in social media
1.01
Helps to know too many things
1.41
Earn some extra money
0.60
Sometimes helps others
0.20
Waste money
0.20
It helps me to get suggestions from
friends
0.60
Video chat with friends
0.80
It is very useful for social activities
0.60
Find job circular
0.40
Sometimes mind so hot
0.40
Helps me to get class routine
2.41
It affects my brain
0.60
I can meet my friends
2.21
Fall in love
1.21
Emotional problem
0.60
In the data it is shown that students have answered an open
ended question about the positive and negative impact on
their life for using Social media. Concerning the effect of
social media sites, the responses which are obtained from
students are shown table 3. The table indicate that majority
of the student (37.6%) have no impact in their life for using
social media. When the students were responding to query
whether they used social media for communicating with each
other 17.7% students admitted that they use social media to
communicate with each other, 3.0% indicates that social
media helps them in various ways. Social media helps them
for news update said 7.2%. By using social media 2.4% get
help to collect class routine. 2.2% use it to meet their friends.
Other impacts are basically the same.
Concerning the negative effects of the social media
students who used it got lesser time to study. Karpinski et al
(2009) stated that Facebook users devote lesser time to their
studies than the on users did and consequently had poor GPA.
Based on this research it has found that most of the students
(30.4%) agreed that social media had effect on their studies
as they utilized the time for checking on social media rather
than studying and this in turn this affected their grades.
The reality of this is that most of the respondents from the
two Universities accept the fact that social media has a both
positive and negative impact on them.
3.12. Social Media Impact on Students’ Health
The increase in the use of social media among the
university students motivated them for changing their
behavior and habits. Lack of face to face interactions may
also lead to loneliness, depression and other mental disorder.
The additional time students are involved with social media
they are in higher risk of being deprived of their sleep,
increment in depression or anxiety and low self-esteem. The
effects of them being emotionally unhappy in one site in
specific, the more pressure and anxiety may be available
always.
Table 4. Health impact for excess using on social media
Responses
Percent of Cases
N
Hampered
136
27.31
Not hampered totally
156
31.33
Affected much
9
1.81
Lack of sleep
40
8.03
Headache
25
5.02
Eye problem
129
25.90
Feel stress
12
2.41
Eating problem
1
0.20
Dark circle on the eye side
2
0.40
Hearing problem
2
0.40
Gaining weight
4
0.80
Mentally depressed
12
2.41
42 Shilpi Rani Saha and Arun Kanti Guha: Impact of Social Media Use of University Students
The study continued to show that 31.3% (From table 4)
students are unable to give their opinion whether social
media have any health impact. 27.3% agreed that they have
any kind of health suffering for excessive use of social media.
25.9% claimed that social media is very responsible eye
problem. 8.0% for lack of sleep. 5.0% for headache. 2.4%
think that they feel mentally depressed for excessive uses of
social media. 2.4% fell stress.
3.13. Internet Using Devices
Internet facility is not ample in Bangladesh. There is
inadequate Wi-Fi connection in most of the universities.
There is also restriction in Broadband connection in the
university grounds. Greater part of the students used mobile
phones (64%) for surfing the internet. On the other hand
only 10% used personal computer or laptop for internet
surfing. 13% used smart phone and laptop. 7% used smart
phone and desktop. 3% used Smart phone, laptop and
desktop. 3% used only desktop. We observed that smart
phones have begun to be habitual. Comply with the use of
personal computers as long as Wi-Fi connectivity in the
university hall is proffer by the university authority.
The detailed data are presented in Figure 9.
Figure 9. Internet using device of the respondents
4. Conclusion
Recently there has been a massive evolution in social
media, in the way by which people communicate or socialize.
From the study we observed that the higher proportion of
students accessed to internet through mobile phone leading.
Social media is used on daily basis and time span in per day
is one hour or higher by most of the students. A significant
number of students used social media for chatting. In our
findings regarding social media practices by the students
Facebook is very popular social media platform among
students followed by YouTube and Twitter. Social media
is taken as an entertainment task by the students and they
prefer to update their status by using social media sites.
The majority of the students do not feel any impact of
social media on their life. Some of the respondent has
positive impact, because social media may be utilize for
various communication with others and for news update.
Indifferent circumstances, the negative impact of social on
student life are that it badly affect their studies and wastes
their time a lot.
The study also concluded that there is no seriously
negative impact of social media on students’ life. If the
students’ life has not been affected negatively this will lead
to healthy life and consequently might enhance and influence
the learning process, occur and meaning will be constructed.
The study also recommended the encouragement of students
to continue using social media to exchange social issues
among them and to form social groups to collaborate on
specific issues. The social media should be used such a way
that it never hampers education or social lives of students.
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