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Surviving Sexual Violence.
... The prevailing view among feminist scholars is that the various forms of gender-based violence, including physical, emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse, are not isolated phenomena but rather overlap and reinforce one another. Liz Kelly's (1988) concept of a 'continuum of violence' postulates that the various forms of sexual violence are not discrete entities but rather fluid and interrelated, with one form often merging into another. This framework has since been applied to other forms of gender-based violence, thereby underscoring that violence is reproduced over time and operates at multiple levels, namely individual, group, and institutional (Aghtaie & Gangoli, 2015; Krause, 2015;Krook, 2020;Scheper-Hughes & Bourgois, 2004). ...
... This study further builds on Kelly's (1988) continuum of violence framework, which has been expanded by Aghtaie and Gangoli (2015) and Krause (2015) to illustrate how varying forms of violence converge and reinforce one another over the course of a lifetime. Furthermore, as demonstrated by Hunnicutt (2009) andAghtaie andGangoli (2015), there is a robust correlation between unequal gender power relations and gender-based violence, a phenomenon that was also identified in this study. ...
... Violence manifests in intertwined forms-structural, personal, and cultural-that reinforce one another, producing what Kelly (1988) describes as a continuum of violence that resists disruption and from which it is difficult to escape. Structural violence emerges when women with disabilities are deprived of access to education, employment, and essential services, resulting in their economic dependency and social marginalisation. ...
This study explores the pervasive and multifaceted violence faced by women with disabilities in Nepal, focusing on the ways in which these experiences are shaped by intersecting social hierarchies, including those based on gender, caste, and socioeconomic status. Through 25 qualitative interviews conducted in the Kathmandu Valley, the research reveals the complex interplay between personal, structural, and cultural violence, drawing upon comprehensive violence theories and intersectional analysis. The findings indicate that these women are subjected to a range of forms of violence perpetrated by family members, community figures, and within institutional settings. Despite the advancement of Nepal’s policy framework in alignment with international disability rights instruments and the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the study underscores the discrepancy between existing legal provisions and the lived realities of women with disabilities. Systemic barriers, stigmatisation and inadequate support structures serve to increase their exposure to and susceptibility to violence, adversely impacting their health, well-being and personal development. This research calls for more targeted and inclusive strategies that prioritise the perspectives and needs of disabled women to ensure the global commitment to "leave no one behind" is upheld.
... The interpreted themes turned out to be intricately intertwined. To be able to develop a main interpretation that meaningfully and abstractedly explained both the intertwining and context of the interpreted themes (the new whole), Kelly's feminist theory 'The continuum of violence' [36] inspired further interpretative analysis. It highlights the intertwining of different types of gender-based violence and concludes that objective grading of seriousness, often found in violence research and legislation, is irrelevant in relation to women's subjective, context-dependent experience. ...
... It highlights the intertwining of different types of gender-based violence and concludes that objective grading of seriousness, often found in violence research and legislation, is irrelevant in relation to women's subjective, context-dependent experience. However, Kelly notes that occurrence seems to correlate with societal acceptance [36]. The theory inspired an understanding of IPV manifestations during breastfeeding as intertwined parts of an IPV continuum, as illustrated in the main interpretation ( Fig. 1). ...
... To further deepen the analysis of women's lived experience of IPV manifestations during breastfeeding, the main interpretation aims to explain and understand how these manifestations are intertwined. Kelly's theory 'The continuum of violence' [36] has contributed to understanding by visualising that although the IPV manifestations are presented as separable themes, they are intertwined parts of a continuum (Fig. 1). Some IPV manifestations seem more intertwined than others. ...
Background
One in three women will experience Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Exposure during breastfeeding endangers women’s and children’s health and wellbeing, negatively affects breastfeeding, and violates human rights and global sustainability goals. Previous qualitative studies have demonstrated that existential aspects are crucial in the separate experience of both IPV and breastfeeding. However, there is a lack of studies examining the meaning of the concurrent experience of these phenomena. An enhanced understanding of the experience of IPV manifestations during the breastfeeding period may inform the provision of care and support for women exposed to IPV. Accordingly, the study aims to explain and understand women’s lived experience of IPV manifestations during the breastfeeding period.
Methods
The study adopts a lifeworld hermeneutic approach based on Reflective Lifeworld Research. Data collection was conducted between June 2022 and August 2023. Swedish women with experience of the phenomenon IPV manifestations during the breastfeeding period participated either through written lifeworld stories (forty-nine women) or lifeworld interviews (nine women). Data were analysed interpretatively. The main interpretation was inspired by Liz Kelly’s theory ‘The continuum of violence’.
Results
The results show that women experience IPV manifestations during breastfeeding in terms of being accused, devalued, neglected, controlled, opposed, forced to adapt, and/or punished. The main interpretation suggests that the manifestations are intertwined within a multidimensional continuum where the most frequent IPV manifestations are less commonly recognised as violence. The main interpretation further illustrates that the continuum is dependent on both the subjective lifeworld of the woman and the patriarchal context in which it exists. In relation to the patriarchal context, the breastfeeding intimacy within the mother–child dyad is pivotal to explaining and understanding the phenomenon.
Conclusions
The breastfeeding intimacy within the mother–child dyad seems to change the intersubjective power balance in the partner relationship and provoke partners, making breastfeeding women especially vulnerable to IPV. Knowledge of breastfeeding women’s lived experience of exposure to IPV is central for carers to strengthen their ability to support women’s health and wellbeing.
... We employed a phronetic iterative approach, which generates theory from field data and adopts existing models and theories (Tracy, 2020). In our discourse analysis of the data, we drew on the arguments and theoretical frameworks of feminist scholars who have examined sexual violence (Kelly, 1988), victim-blaming attitudes around TFSV (Dobson & Ringrose, 2016;Salter, 2016), and digital feminism (Mendes et al., 2019). ...
... Although not constituting physical sexual violence per se, TFSV perpetrates real harm to victim-survivors (Henry & Powell, 2015b;Kim et al., 2023). Based on the continuum of sexual violence, TFSV may shade into different forms of sexual violence and vice versa; underlying these diverse experiences of sexual violence are gendered power relations (Kelly, 1988). As Catherine rightly asserts, voyeurism is ultimately about the power the perpetrator enacts on the victim-survivor, which is why it should be taken seriously. ...
... Yet, there remains a tendency for others and even victim-survivors themselves to dismiss experiences of TFSV and rank them as a lesser harm than experiences of rape for instance. Drawing on Kelly (1988), however, both rape and TFSV fall on a continuum of male coercive behaviors. This would complicate existing societal perceptions of physical sexual violence as a larger harm. ...
Although increasingly prevalent in Singapore, campus sexual assault and harassment and technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) remain underresearched. Conducted by scholars across social work, gender studies, policy studies, communication, and computer science, this interdisciplinary study explores the impact of technologies such as social media and online platforms on the digital well-being of university students in Singapore who experience TFSV and campus sexual misconduct. We conducted online surveys with 314 students and interviews with 28 students, the majority of whom were women and identified as victim-survivors. Our analysis revealed participants did not perceive technologies as entirely detrimental and possessed limited awareness of digital well-being. These findings contribute to understanding young victim-survivors’ digital well-being and relationship to technology in Singapore by highlighting the experiences of college students.
... Three decades ago Kelly and Radford (1990, p 39) reported that many women discounted and minimised their experiences by remarking that 'nothing really happened'. Sixty per cent of Kelly's (1988) sample did not name sexual violence at the time of the assault. Women's normalisation of their experiences can be traced back further in time, for instance as evidenced in historic cases reported by De Beauvoir (2011). ...
... The term 'naming' is rejuvenated from past key publications (for example, Felstiner et al, 1980;Kelly, 1988;Kelly and Radford, 1990) to revive crucial debates, while also highlighting their continued relevance to the lived experiences of the disabled women we spoke to across England and Wales in 2022. Naming is defined as a transformative sense-making process by which the victim is 'saying to oneself that a particular experience has been injurious' (Felstiner et al, 1980, p 635). ...
... Sandland provides examples in Chapter 1 of the impact this had (and still has) on legal conceptualisations of sexual crimes. For instance, until 1976 the law required 'the presence of force and resistance before a court would find that a rape had occurred', which will have excluded the vast majority of rapes as defined by victims themselves (for example, Kelly, 1988). ...
... The affective dimensions of sexual harassment have also been addressed in the broader field of research on sexual harassment and violence focused on women's experiences across their lifespans. In particular, women's fear of sexual violence has been extensively studied from the perspective of embodiment and gender, including analyses of street harassment (for example, Fileborn, 2016;Vera-Gray, 2016) and experiences of sexual violence (for example, Kelly, 1989;Cahill, 2001;Gavey, 2018). Significantly, Vera-Gray's work (for example, 2016) has extended the idea of the continuum of sexual violence, originally developed by Liz Kelly (1989), by illustrating how sexual harassment experiences across women's lifespans gain meaning in relation to past experiences and how the more mundane experiences are connected with the more extreme ones. ...
... In particular, women's fear of sexual violence has been extensively studied from the perspective of embodiment and gender, including analyses of street harassment (for example, Fileborn, 2016;Vera-Gray, 2016) and experiences of sexual violence (for example, Kelly, 1989;Cahill, 2001;Gavey, 2018). Significantly, Vera-Gray's work (for example, 2016) has extended the idea of the continuum of sexual violence, originally developed by Liz Kelly (1989), by illustrating how sexual harassment experiences across women's lifespans gain meaning in relation to past experiences and how the more mundane experiences are connected with the more extreme ones. Kelly's conceptualisation of a continuum of violence has been highly relevant for understanding how sexual violence affects its victims and for developing a systemic understanding of sexual violence (Boyle, 2019). ...
... Kate notes that this orientation is 'layered as an experience', which she describes as potentially causing her to excessively read threats into social situations. This also aligns with the notion of later experiences gaining their meaning through past experiences, according to Kelly's (1989) notion of the continuum of sexual violence. In a later part of her interview, Kate explicitly links this continuum of experiences and the resulting embodiment of insecurity with 'having lived as a woman'. ...
Sexual harassment is an affective, embodied and relational issue with distinctly gendered consequences for those who experience it. Despite a vast literature illuminating the gendered dynamics of sexual harassment, detailed analyses of the affective dimensions of such dynamics are scarce. This article analyses young women’s and nonbinary people’s experiences of sexual harassment from the perspective of affective embodiment. The analysis draws on Sara Ahmed’s theorisation on embodied hurts, orientations and emotions to trace relational, embodied and affective processes of gendering linked with sexual harassment. The analysis identifies two harassment-related embodied processes: embodied regulation and embodied resistance. Whereas embodied regulation takes the form of feminisation – a process that renders bodies vulnerable – embodied resistance includes a variety of orientations labelled here as preparedness, defeminisation and embodied critique. Thus, the analysis suggests that bodies may respond to sexual harassment in varied ways, and even though harassment contributes to the constant shaping of bodies, it does not determine them.
... Note, too, that this article focuses on the abuse of women in a variety of online and off-line sports-related contexts, such as: intimate violence against female non-athletes by male athletes; male athletes who abuse female athletes; coaches, managers, and/or team owners who abuse adult female and child athletes; and the abuse of women who have other roles in sport like those who are coaches, volunteers, officials, or volunteers (Forsdike & O'Sullivan, 2022). Kelly's (1988) continuum of sexual violence, an offering that "stands the test of time" (Kelly, 2012, p. xvii), and (2) Brackenridge's (2001) continuum of sexual exploitation in sport. Yet, unlike the conceptualizations crafted by Brackenridge and Kelly, but following DeKeseredy (2021), Figure 1 includes non-physical and physical male acts, as well as crimes of the powerful 1 committed by university/college administrators, professional team executives, and politicians. ...
... Although the idea of a continuum is often used to portray movement from least to most serious, in this case, all the behaviors in Figure 1 are serious and share something in common. As Kelly (1988) notes, they are all means of "abuse, intimidation, coercion, intrusion, threat and force" used to control women (p. 76). ...
... Like conceptualizations provided by Brackenridge (2001), DeKeseredy (2021), and Kelly (1988), Figure 1 enables researchers to document and name a broad array of painful interrelated behaviors that thousands of women experience daily in Sports-World, many of which are exempt from the purview of the criminal justice system and that are trivialized or minimized by the law, general public, and the media. While researchers may analyze sexual harassment, unwanted sexual touching (e.g., breast grabbing), forced intercourse, beatings, and other types of abuse separately, for countless numbers of women, the harms included in Figure 1 can "seep into one another" (Ptacek, 2016), p. 128). ...
There was a vibrant surge in the 1980s and 1990s of social scientific work on men’s abuse of women in sports-related contexts, but this wave receded over the past two decades and eventually disappeared. Recently, however, an international cadre of scholars has revisited the off- and online victimization of women in these settings. The main objective of this paper is to examine what the extant scholarly literature tells and does not tell us about this social problem.
... Media representation exacerbates these issues by trivialising or sensationalising violence against women. Victims are often objectified or blamed for their victimisation, which desensitises societies to the severity of femicide and reinforces harmful stereotypes (Kelly, 1988). ...
... Women are often objectified or blamed for their victimisation, trivialising violence and desensitising societies to its impact. These portrayals perpetuate harmful stereotypes, framing women as responsible for the actions of their abusers (Kelly, 1988). ...
Femicide, the gender-based killing of women, represents one of humanity’s gravest crises, with over 400 women killed daily worldwide, equating to one woman every 11 minutes (UNODC, 2021). This epidemic reflects entrenched societal failures driven by systemic gender inequality, patriarchal norms, and inadequate legal protections. Although Latin America has the highest femicide rates, the crisis transcends borders, affecting developed nations where intimate partner violence (IPV) accounts for a significant proportion of female homicides. This paper explores the origins, drivers, and systemic enablers of femicide, delving into cultural and regional disparities, misogyny’s role, and the failures of justice systems globally. By analysing these factors, the discussion emphasises actionable solutions, including legal reforms, survivor support services, educational programs, and cultural transformation. Addressing femicide is not only vital for safeguarding women’s lives but also for fostering equity and respect within societies.
... Las primeras reflexiones cuestionaron que el comportamiento violento de los agresores sexuales dependiera de su libido, al contrario, afirmaron que la violencia sexual estaba directamente relacionada con la socialización de género (Bourke 2009). En la actualidad, gracias a múltiples publicaciones se comprenden mejor muchas características de las violencias sexuales (Brown y Walklate, 2012); se reconoce la violencia como un continuum (Kelly, 1987), visibilizando la interrelación entre las perspectivas micro y macro social (Stanko, 1990), dentro de un contexto estructural que establece conexiones entre las agresiones de naturaleza sexual y el control social a las mujeres (Kelly, 1987, Fortune, 2010Barjola, 2018;Greer, 2019;Sanyal, 2019). ...
... Las primeras reflexiones cuestionaron que el comportamiento violento de los agresores sexuales dependiera de su libido, al contrario, afirmaron que la violencia sexual estaba directamente relacionada con la socialización de género (Bourke 2009). En la actualidad, gracias a múltiples publicaciones se comprenden mejor muchas características de las violencias sexuales (Brown y Walklate, 2012); se reconoce la violencia como un continuum (Kelly, 1987), visibilizando la interrelación entre las perspectivas micro y macro social (Stanko, 1990), dentro de un contexto estructural que establece conexiones entre las agresiones de naturaleza sexual y el control social a las mujeres (Kelly, 1987, Fortune, 2010Barjola, 2018;Greer, 2019;Sanyal, 2019). ...
Introducción. La credibilidad de las víctimas de violencia sexual ha sido a menudo cuestionada por la persistencia de la cultura de la violación que considera falsas la mayoría de las denuncias, alegando intención maliciosa o vengativa de las mujeres. Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar la presencia de estereotipos sexistas en el razonamiento jurídico de sentencias absolutorias en procesos de enjuiciamiento de agresiones sexuales en grupo. Metodología. La estrategia metodológica desarrollada se basa en un Análisis de Contenido mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo) sobre un corpus documental de 50 fallos absolutorios por "agresión sexual" con más de un victimario, entre los años 2010-2020, en el conjunto de Audiencias Provinciales españolas. En la fase cualitativa se operacionalizaron tres conceptos: "mito de la violación real", "mito de la víctima genuina" y "cultura del escepticismo". En la fase cuantitativa se midieron las frecuencias de aparición de los estereotipos codificados. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos de este estudio de caso tasan la presencia de estereotipos sexistas en el 84% de los razonamientos para dictaminar la absolución. De los once ítems analizados se destaca la preeminencia de tres factores de descreimiento: 1) la expectativa de hallar lesiones físicas en cuerpos violentados, 2) la referencia a señalar contradicciones en las distintas declaraciones de la víctima y 3) los reproches morales al comportamiento de las denunciantes. Estas prácticas contribuyen a mantener la impunidad de este delito, al atenuar o eludir la criminalidad de los perpetradores y, en consecuencia, podría incidir en un aumento de la desconfianza de las víctimas hacia el sistema judicial español.
... This posits that individuals may think about opposing rebellion against a certain form of injustice, but may only act on those thoughts at a different point in time. The origin of resistance can further be determined in social sciences and social work literature, where it is described in the context of domestic and sexual violence and abuse against women (Kelly 1988;Profitt 1996). Kelly (1988) defined resistance as a reaction of women who experienced sexual abuse and described it as 'to oppose actively, to fight, to refuse to co-operate with or submit. ...
... The origin of resistance can further be determined in social sciences and social work literature, where it is described in the context of domestic and sexual violence and abuse against women (Kelly 1988;Profitt 1996). Kelly (1988) defined resistance as a reaction of women who experienced sexual abuse and described it as 'to oppose actively, to fight, to refuse to co-operate with or submit. It implies a sense of a force, a power or a person which is actively opposed' (161). ...
Aims
The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual overview of resistance and argue for the need to embrace resistance as a part of nurses' professional repertoire for disrupting inequities and fostering social justice in both nursing education and practice.
Design
Discursive article.
Data Sources
Published peer reviewed literature on ‘resistance’ and ‘professional resistance’ in nursing, medicine, social work and other allied health care professions.
Results
Enhancing critical consciousness and engaging in intersectional collaboration are promising strategies to embrace resistance for collective action towards disrupting inequities and injustices in nursing education and practice.
Conclusion
Embracing and legitimising resistance in everyday individual and social interactions in educational and practice settings is instrumental to fostering social justice in nursing. Without resistance, nurses may risk jeopardising enactment of moral and ethical responsibilities and suppressing their professional values of caring and compassion.
Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care
Nurses can embrace resistance in practice to counteract social injustice and promote diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging and antiracism in clinical and educational settings.
Impact
Research demonstrated that perceived and real inequities and injustices are common in nursing in the form of individual and structural racism, sex and gender discrimination, power imbalances and incivility. Nurses' engagement in resistance and increased capacity to resist injustices and incivilities can play an instrumental role in disrupting professional inequities in clinical practice and education.
Patient and Public Contribution
There was no patient or public involvement in the design or writing of this discursive article.
... These continuums and spectrums echo in many ways the experiences of other civilians, especially women and girls, who also face potential violences and discrimination across spatio-temporal continuums and from a range of civilian and military actors, as identifed in feminist literature on continuums of violence (Cockburn 2004;Kelly 1988). However, based on our fndings, the risks and frequency can increase dramatically the more a person is identifed by others as being non-heterosexual or non-cisgender. ...
... Depending on the context, other civilians may also face discrimination from other civilians based on their gender, ethno-religious background, disability, social class, or other factors (e.g., widowed or divorced women, substance abusers, or commercial sex workers). 7 The term continuum of violence has been used by feminist researchers ElizabethKelly (1988) and, later, CynthiaCockburn (2004) to disrupt common dichotomies of war/peace and public/private by highlighting how women face various forms of violence prior, during, and after violent confict and in both public and private spaces. ...
... Mientras el género invita a interrogar la atribución binaria de lo masculino y lo femenino desde los entramados de poder material y simbólico, tomar en cuenta la constitución del sistema sexo/género permite identificar el principio binario que organiza la diferencia sexual inscrita en los cuerpos, el sexismo, la violencia y la heterosexualidad como principio rector (Broide y Todaro, 2007). Entre tanto, la interseccionalidad visibiliza la articulación mutua entre las formas de dominación y las desigualdades sociales, y reconoce las jerarquías de poder que provocan y se benefician de las violencias sexuales, así como los agenciamientos que las enfrentan (Kelly, 1988;Segato, 2003;Guzmán y Jiménez, 2015;Hong, 2018). ...
... It fails to acknowledge the continuum of violence that affects children of all ages. As emphasized by Kelly's (1988) in 'The Continuum of Sexual Violence,' sexual violence exists on a spectrum, and age alone should not determine the severity of a victim's experience or the compensation they are eligible for. Thus, by lacking clear guidelines on compensation for minors, the scheme exacerbates these inconsistencies, leaving certain survivors underrepresented and their needs unmet. ...
The Compensation Scheme for Women Victims/Survivors of Sexual Assault and Other Crimes (2018) was developed to provide financial assistance to victims of sexual violence in India. The scheme was initiated under the directive of the Supreme Court and intended to address the needs of survivors by offering structured compensation based on the severity of the crime. However, this review critically analyzes its limitations, including its hierarchical approach to victim compensation, which prioritizes gang rape over other forms of sexual assault and undervalues other trauma-inducing experiences, such as severe physical disabilities. The scheme also demonstrates inconsistencies in its treatment of minors under the POCSO Act, ignoring the continuum of violence and its impact on children across age groups. Furthermore, its exclusive focus on female victims neglects male survivors, reinforcing a heteronormative framework that fails to account for the diversity of victim experiences. This approach perpetuates societal biases and undermines the scheme's ability to provide equitable support. Reforms to the scheme are necessary to address these gaps and ensure inclusivity, reflecting the spectrum of trauma across all genders, ages, and forms of violence. By adopting a trauma-informed and survivor-centric framework, the scheme can better meet its objective of delivering justice to all victims.
... 16 Neben dem Vertrauensverlust kann bildbasierte sexuelle Gewalt zu posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen, Suizidalität, Ängsten, Depressionen, Kontrollverlust und Verdrängungsmechanismen, wie einem starken Alkoholkonsum, führen. 17 Betroffene Männer berichteten in der britisch-australisch-neuseeländischen Studie weniger häufig von derartigen Folgen als Frauen, 18 was die Forscher*innen damit erklären, dass Frauen bildbasierte sexuelle Gewalt innerhalb eines "Kontinuums sexueller Gewalt" 19 ...
Bildbasierte sexuelle Gewalt verletzt das Recht auf sexuelle Selbstbestimmung
i. V. m. dem Recht am eigenen Bild der dargestellten Person in schwerwiegender
Weise. Es ist anzunehmen, dass es sich um ein dringliches Problem handelt.
Denn aufgrund der mit der Digitalisierung verbundenen technischen Möglichkeiten
kann jede Person einerseits ohne weiteres Zutun Opfer von bildbasierter
sexueller Gewalt werden und andererseits leicht selbst solche Inhalte herstellen,
besitzen und Dritten zugänglich machen. Dennoch ist das Phänomen im deutschen
Strafrecht bislang nur lückenhaft und unsystematisch geregelt und wird
auf nationaler Ebene noch kaum rechtspolitisch problematisiert. In diesem Beitrag
wird bildbasierte sexuelle Gewalt als Verletzung grundlegender Rechte aufgezeigt,
das diesbezüglich geltende Strafrecht erörtert und Eckpunkte für eine
konsistente Regelung bildbasierter sexueller Gewalt vorgestellt.
... This proposal responds to the call for papers for the interdisciplinary session on gender and housing. It focuses on the residential trajectories of women who have experienced or are experiencing domestic violence, which leads to a broader consideration of how the 'continuum of gender violence' (Kelly, 1988) contributes to housing vulnerability, including during the re-housing process. This analysis is based on the little-known role of lawyers working in housing rights associations. ...
... Konačno, svaki seksualni sadržaj ne mora biti pornografski (Franks 2015), pa termin pornografija unutar pojma osvetnička pornografija pokušava naglasiti nedozvoljeno dijeljenje fotografija prvobitno dobijenih bez pristanka kao i onih dobijenih uz pristanak (Citron & Franks 2014). U skladu s tim, osvetničku pornografiju možemo smjestiti na kontinuum s drugim oblicima rodno zasnovanog nasilja (Kelly 1988). Fokus ovog tipa nasilja je seksualne prirode, a žrtve doživljavaju ovaj fenomen kao vid seksualnog nasilja . ...
Osvetnička pornografija, kao oblik rodno zasnovanog nasilja, sve je veći problem kojeg donose digitalni mediji. Mnoge žrtve doživljavaju da njihovi bivši partneri dijele njihov seksualno eksplicitan sadržaj bez njihovog pristanka. Shodno tome, trpe brojne nepovoljne poslje-dice, uključujući psihički stres i socijalnu izolaciju. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti kako su žrtve osvetničke pornografije percipirane u odno-su na njihovu rodnu pripadnost. Također smo nastojali razumjeti da li seksistički stavovi mogu predvidjeti impresije o žrtvama. Mjerili smo hostilni i benevolentni seksizam kod 169 ispitanika/ca (M dob = 27.45, SD dob = 10.26). Zatim smo ih nasumično raspodijelili u jedan od uslova-muškarac žrtva vs. žena žrtva, gdje su pročitali online članak o žrtvi osvetničke pornografije. Ispitanici/ce su, zatim, procjenjivali/e žrtvu na dimenzijama toplota i kompetenost. Ispitanici/ce u uslovu žena žrtva su ocijenili/e žrtvu toplijom i kompetentnijom od ispitanika/ca u uslovu muškarac žrtva. Osim toga, hostilni, ali ne i benevolentni seksizam, predviđao je percepciju toplote žrtve bez obzira na rod. Međutim, obje vrste seksističkih stavova nisu moderirale razlike u percepciji toplote i kompetentnosti bez obzira na uslov. Naši rezulta-ti pokazuju da muškarci žrtve osvetničke pornografije mogu biti ne-gativnije percipirani od žena žrtava i da bi prethodni (hostilni) seksi-stički stavovi mogli pomoći u razumijevanju kako ljudi doživljavaju žrtve osvetničke pornografije. Uvod Nataša je i dalje bila u vezi sa svojim bivšim partnerom kada je on s prija-teljima podijelio njihov seksualno eksplicitan video. To se desilo u ljeto, a tek u jesen Nataša je saznala da su taj snimak gledali stanovnici malog grada u kojem je prethodno živjela. Neki od prijatelja su joj okrenuli leđa, KLJUČNE REČI osvetnička pornografija, rodno zasnovano nasilje, seksizam, socijalne percepcije, toplota, kompetentnost Ajla Krdžalić, Univerzitet u Tuzli, Filozofski fakultet, Odsjek za pedagogiju i psihologiju, Bosna i Hercegovina: ajla.krdzalic@untz.ba Andrej Simić, Univerzitet u Tuzli, Filozofski fakultet-Odsjek za pedagogiju i psihologiju, Bosna i Hercegovina: andrej.simic@untz.ba
... Här blir uppfattningen om att sexuellt våld existerar på ett kontinuum relevant (jfr. Kelly 1988). Men "mindre" eller "mer" allvarliga händelser kan även anses skiljas åt i fråga om händelsens berättbarhet. ...
950 women shared their experience of sexual harassment or assault within the Finland-Swedish #MeToo campaign Dammen brister. This study assumes the campaign as constituting a widened narrative space that allowed writers more freedom to choose what to share and how to share it, and, starting from genre and narration, it questions how this space was used by the writers. Thereby, it seeks to attain insight to the conditions and limitations of narrating rape. The study focuses on two different ways of narration roughly categorized as telling a little and telling a lot.
... Här blir uppfattningen om att sexuellt våld existerar på ett kontinuum relevant (jfr. Kelly 1988). Men "mindre" eller "mer" allvarliga händelser kan även anses skiljas åt i fråga om händelsens berättbarhet. ...
Budkavlen har under drygt 10 år belyst en rad olika teman, från Krig och konflikt (2011) till (O)lyckans kulturella praktiker (2023). Med föreliggande volym bryter vi denna tradition – åtminstone till viss del. I motsats till tidigare fick hugade författare denna gång själv välja ämne att skriva om. När vi granskade artikelförslagen framträdde emellertid trots det ett tema, tradition och förändring. Susanne Nylund Skog skriver om hur föreställningar om ett traditionellt svenskt midsommarfirande förhandlas bland svenskar på Mallorca; Kristina Öhman belyser hur ungdomar under 1990-talet prövade nya kommunikativa uttrycksformer; Sofia Wanström visar hur uppropet Dammen brister etablerade en arena där kvinnor kunde berätta om sexuella övergrepp på sätt som delvis utmanade traditionella berättargenrer.
... Depending on what qualifies as domestic abuse, how it is measured, and where the "entry" threshold is set determines how many people are victims. Criminological debates around hidden or invisible violence against women are long-standing (e.g., Dobash & Dobash, 1979;Kelly, 1988;Smart, 1977;Stanko, 1988aStanko, , 1990Walby, 1994) and by no means ended. The debate about the extent of domestic abuse continues to rage, and as the statistical techniques have developed, so has the ongoing critique about the obfuscation of female victimization (e.g., Brennan & Myhill, 2022;Myhill & Kelly, 2021;Walby et al., 2016. ...
Victims of modern slavery are poorly understood and badly counted. This is because modern slavery is a vague, contested and largely invisible crime. When it does reach the political and public conscience it is usually in the context of illegal migration and a specific loss of life that hits the newspaper headlines. This confuses the issue of victimization with the issue of border control and creates the conditions in which exploitation persists. These dynamics share much in common with domestic abuse. This chapter explores the response to the victims of modern slavery through the lens of the successes and failures of the response to domestic abuse to achieve three things: (1) to identify common themes from criminological thought, (2) to consider ideological influences for both crime types, and (3) to explore how solutions to domestic abuse might be used to tackle modern slavery. By learning lessons from the more recent response to the victims of domestic abuse this chapter concludes with recommendations about how to conceptually clarify, better estimate, and more effectively protect the victims of modern slavery. Drawing on Christie’s (1986) concept of the ‘ideal victim’, the chapter argues that the victim of modern slavery remains lost in the overarching ideologies of capitalism and nationalism and their associated concerns with transnational organized crime and border control. The chapter provides an original comparison with the victims of domestic abuse who have often been similarly invisible due to patriarchy and its associated forms of family life.
... On the contrary, the help-seeking behavior of victims of contact sexual violence (CSV) has been widely researched in the past decades, and many barriers to help-seeking have been identified (see, e.g., DeLoveh & Cattaneo, 2017;Pijlman et al., 2023;Stoner & Cramer, 2019). According to current literature, IBSHA can be considered part of Kelly's (1988) continuum of sexual violence (Henry et al., 2020), with the consequences of IBSHA on victims' well-being also appearing similar to those of victims of CSV (Bates, 2017;Henry et al., 2020). Still, this may not mean that their help-seeking behavior is comparable, or that IBSHA victims may experience similar barriers or facilitators to help-seeking. ...
Image-based sexual harassment and abuse (IBSHA) has recently gained scientific attention. To date, research has primarily focused on victim characteristics and impact, while little specific empirical research exists on victims’ help-seeking behavior, including barriers and facilitators to seeking support. The aim of this scoping review was to examine the current state of literature on IBSHA victims’ help-seeking behavior and barriers and facilitators to seeking support. Seven electronic bibliographic databases were searched up to June 2023 to identify relevant literature. Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) English or Dutch language, (2) original empirical data, (3) studying one or more forms of IBSHA, (4) victim sample, and (5) addressing help-seeking behavior, and/or factors encouraging or discouraging help-seeking. The scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols extension for scoping reviews. In total, 81 articles were included. Varying definitions of IBSHA, sample sizes, and populations complicated the drawing of general conclusions. The research was primarily conducted in English-speaking Western countries with a majority of young, White, heterosexual, and women samples. Prevalence rates of help-seeking strongly varied. Multiple sources of informal and formal support were identified, including friends, family, social media platforms, and police. Informal support appeared preferred. Articles identified several barriers to help-seeking including shame, (fear of) negative social responses and negative expectations of formal support, and facilitators, including desire for justice and takedown of non-consensually shared images. Research on IBSHA is growing rapidly. The field would benefit from further research focused on help-seeking with diverse samples, standardized measures, and intersectionality. Recommendations for policy and practice are provided.
... Hereinafter, the abbreviation IBSHA will be used to refer to both IBSH and IBSA. Both contact (i.e., offline) and image-based (i.e., online and noncontact) forms of sexual violence can be considered part of the continuum of sexual violence (Henry et al., 2020;Kelly, 1988). However, little research has compared these forms. ...
Sexual victimization may have serious consequences for victims’ well-being. Thus, seeking support is encouraged and associated with positive outcomes. However, no research has compared the help-seeking behavior of victims of contact and image-based (i.e., noncontact) sexual violence. This study explores the differences in help-seeking behavior, and barriers to help-seeking, by comparing datasets from two online survey studies. The findings highlight that victims of contact sexual violence appear more likely to seek help, but also experience the barriers to help-seeking as greater. An exception is the minimization of the incident, which is experienced similarly by both. Future longitudinal research is recommended.
... Since the 1970s, feminist and survivors' movements have denounced sexual violence against women and children and have tackled the question of sexual consent. They framed sexual violence as a social and political problem rooted in gender inequalities and male domination (Boussaguet, 2009;Brownmiller, 1993;Kelly, 1988;Russel, 1975;Whittier, 2009). There have been considerable feminist theorizations on consent and on the issue of coercion. ...
Using qualitative interviews with survivors and activists against sexual violence in the Catholic Church in Switzerland, this article suggests that the expression “saying no” or the idea of “refusal” frames discussions regarding child sexual abuse with detrimental consequences. This discourse is sometimes linked to a restrictive understanding of sexual consent and is applied to children in very asymmetrical relationships, who should be placed outside the scope of sexual consent. Particularly for men who have been sexually abused as children, this understanding of consent is referred to when speaking about sexual abuse. This asks questions about the gender norms influencing the discourse of consent and the challenges of understanding oneself as a victim of abuse. The article argues for a critical examination of the concept of consent and its connection to children and minors. It suggests that it is crucial, as many (feminist) scholars in different fields have argued, to abandon a negative standard of consent (saying no, resisting) in politics against sexual violence and instead focus on the capability to participate in and determine the sexual relationship.
... Given the pervasiveness of IPV, understanding the types of IPV is essential for measuring its impact and theorizing its mechanisms. A broad conceptualization of IPV is on a continuum, with more visible forms as the tip of the iceberg and power as a central component of all forms (Kelly, 1988). Forms of IPV include but are not limited to physical, sexual, emotional, or verbal abuse, coercive control or controlling behavior, economic abuse, and neglect-deprivation (WHO, 2013). ...
... Over the 35 years since Kelly (1988) articulated the concept of the continuum of sexual violence, government violence prevention policies still have not addressed the full range of interpersonal violences by men against women. In response to debates about the significance of gender in understanding violence, some theorists advocate approaches that incorporate both feminist and family violence approaches. ...
... Over the 35 years since Kelly (1988) articulated the concept of the continuum of sexual violence, government violence prevention policies still have not addressed the full range of interpersonal violences by men against women. In response to debates about the significance of gender in understanding violence, some theorists advocate approaches that incorporate both feminist and family violence approaches. ...
This book aims to expand and enrich understandings of violences by focusing on gendered continuities, interconnections and intersections across multiple forms and manifestations of men’s violence. In actively countering, both, the compartmentalisation of studies of violence by ‘type’ and form, and the tendency to conceptualise violence narrowly, it aims to flesh out – not delimit – understandings of violence.
Bringing together cross-disciplinary, indeed transdisciplinary, perspectives, this book addresses how –what are often seen as – specific and separate violences connect closely and intricately with wider understandings of violence, how there are gendered continuities between violences and how gendered violences take many forms and manifestations and are themselves intersectional. Grounded by the recognition that violence is, itself, a form of inequality, the contributors to this volume traverse the intersectional complexities across, both, experiences of violent inequality, and what is seen to ‘count’ as violence.
The international scope of this book will be of interest to students and academics across many fields, including sociology, criminology, psychology, social work, politics, gender studies, child and youth studies, military and peace studies, environmental studies and colonial studies, as well as practitioners, activists and policymakers engaged in violence prevention.
... The concept of "continuum of violence" traces back to the work of Kelly, who used this expression to highlight the interconnections occurring between different forms of violence and warned against making a distinction between criminal acts and "minor" episodes of GBV (Kelly, 1988). It has been employed also to describe the continuity of violence between the private and public sphere (Gray, 2019;Swaine, 2015) as well as that occurring in times of peace and of conflict (Cockburn, 2004). ...
Introduction:
The Sexual Violence Relief center Soccorso Violenza Sessuale (SVS) is a specialist service, situated in Sant’Anna Hospital, an Obstetrics and Gynecology facility in Turin, North-West Italy. The study aimed to qualitatively analyze the transcripts of interviews routinely conducted by gynecologist and midwife in the first part of the medical examination of migrant patients accessing care at SVS after being subjected to conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) in their home country or during migration and to explore the adverse outcomes of such violence on their health.
Methods:
Interview transcripts were purposely selected to include adult migrant patients (age > 18) subjected to CRSV in the different phases of migration and accessing SVS from January 1st, 2014, to September 4th, 2023. Data was extracted from the SVS archive, anonymized, and thematically analyzed.
Results and discussion:
In total, 43 interview transcripts were eligible for inclusion. All of them were related to cisgender women of Sub-Saharan origin describing different forms of violence as a driver for migration. CRSV was disclosed by 18 survivors as occurring in their home country and by 31 in transit (e.g., Libya), the most reported type being rape. 49% of the patients described adverse physical outcomes of CRSV, while 72% reported psychological sequelae. The findings confirm high levels and different modalities of violence throughout the migratory route. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts served as a valuable source for understanding how survivors described the CRSV they endured, its consequences, as well as other violence encountered during migration.
With the most bullying cases, Indonesia takes the top spot. With 84% of the vote, Indonesia holds the top spot. More than Vietnam and Nepal combined, this figure is higher. Pakistan came in third with 43%, and Cambodia came in second with 73%. According to KPAI data, there would be 226 instances of bullying in addition to physical and psychological abuse in 2022. In this are figures. is quite big, and all the parties concerned need to pay attention to it. As a result of bullying, victims often have low self-confidence, according to some research findings. Several studies have found that adolescents frequently struggle with self-confidence issues. How about making one of those initiatives to help victims of prejudiced bullying deal with their lack of confidence? is to create methods for self-reflection via movie therapy. The finest alternative to traditional therapy is film therapy.
Con el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), en los últimos años el consumo de pornografía ha aumentado considerablemente tanto en España como a nivel global. Su facilidad de acceso, los contenidos mayormente gratuitos que ofrece, lo ilimitado de sus contenidos y otras características hacen que se encuentre al alcance de cualquier persona realizando una sencilla búsqueda en internet. La población adolescente y joven se encuentra expuesta a estos contenidos y de hecho varios estudios han señalado que los menores empiezan a consumir pornografía a edades cada vez más tempranas, concretando que son los hombres quienes realizan un consumo mayor que las mujeres, además de hacerlo con una mayor frecuencia. Ante el déficit de una educación afectivo sexual, jóvenes y adolescentes se socializan en estos contenidos que repercuten en sus actitudes sexuales. Además, varios estudios han indicado que los vídeos de pornografía muestran agresiones tanto físicas como verbales hacia las mujeres. El incremento del consumo de la pornografía 2.0, junto a ese déficit de educación afectivo sexual suponen dos de las mayores amenazas al principio de la igualdad por lo que se evidencia una necesaria respuesta basada en políticas coeducativas para erradicar el sexismo que transmite la pornografía.
This chapter uses Liz Kelly’s (Surviving Sexual Violence. Cambridge: Polity, 1988) theorisation of the continuum of sexual violence as a starting point to explore how feminists theorise the connections between different forms of male violence against women. It explores the challenges in translating feminist theory into media commentary, arguing that continuum thinking has been distorted in the backlash against #MeToo to suggest that feminists cannot distinguish between different kinds of violence. It argues that the wider understanding of “sexual assault and harassment” which #MeToo calls for and Kelly’s work advocates, conflicts with the emphasis on criminal justice in much feminist thinking as well as in media reporting. Matt Damon’s comments on #MeToo provide a lens through which to explore these issues and consider the role of men in mediating feminism.
Street children reside in unstable and disadvantaged surroundings. Street girls often lack proper shelter. This qualitative case studies aimed to examine the prevalence of grave sexual abuse among street girls, and subsequently conduct case studies on the identified victims. This was theoretically guided by Chicago School Theory, Deviant Place Theory, and Feminist Theory. The primary data collection involved direct observation and informal discussions with street girls in Colombo suburbs. The sample selection utilized random sampling and snowball sampling techniques. A sample of 25 street girls in the age group between 11- 19 were interviewed face-to-face using a questionnaire. Among them, 4 reported experiencing grave sexual abuse providing primary data. Secondary data sources included existing literature, research studies, official reports, documents from government agencies, NGOs, and media sources. The findings highlighted how broken families and fatherless households drive girls to street life, increasing vulnerability to grave sexual abuse. Limited education, unstable housing, and lack of a safe environment further exposed them to abuse. There is a lack of parental communication regarding sexual abuse and it can occur in diverse settings affecting girls of various ages, by perpetrators from various age groups, genders, backgrounds and could be victim-related or strangers. The prevalent form of grave sexual abuse was rape. The victims suffer from physical health decline, trauma, psychological distress, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Their ability to seek help is hindered by fear, shame, and distrust. Victim survivors face challenges and it has a negative impact on them.
One of the central arguments of #MeToo, Weinstein and Feminism was that #MeToo had to be understood historically, in relation to a long tradition of feminist activism and scholarship which had been—in various ways—elided by the mediated emphasis on #MeToo’s uniqueness. This chapter revisits these arguments in relation to both the temporality and geographical reach of #MeToo. It considers the extent to which #MeToo is—and is not—a global story, and identifies the simultaneity of feminism and misogyny, protest and backlash as defining characteristics of the long #MeToo moment. This chapter explores what is at stake in stories about #MeToo’s passing, focusing on high-profile legal cases including the Depp v. Heard defamation case. Central to this chapter is a concern with the (limited) conditions under which #MeToo speech has become consequential and how this links to broader discussions about what justice might look like for victim/survivors.
Whilst #MeToo and Me Too have centred victim/survivors, what the #MeToo moment means for men is a recurring concern. This chapter investigates the position of men in the #MeToo era, focusing first on men as victim/survivors of sexual abuse, including of female perpetrators, before moving on to consider how alleged perpetrators are situated in relation to narratives of victimisation (with a focus on #HimToo and the Kavanaugh hearings) and of monstrosity. Whilst feminist critics have been interested in the connections between “aberrant” and “normal” male behaviour, this chapter demonstrates the enduring appeal of distinction and individualism in understanding male violence. At the same time, it is important to remember that Kelly’s continuum is not about consequences for perpetrators: seeing the connections between different men is not to assert that their actions are equivalent or that they require the same response. Indeed, the sheer scale of the mass disclosures under #MeToo would make such a reckoning all but impossible. Situating these disclosures within the contexts in which sexual harassment and assault take place allows us to think differently about the kind of change—organisational, social, cultural and attitudinal—needed to end men’s violence.
Las autoras Ama Ata Aidoo (1942-2023) y Buchi Emecheta (1944-2017), representantes de las primeras generaciones de escritoras africanas en lengua inglesa, se caracterizaron por plasmar las vidas de las mujeres ghanesas y nigerianas tanto en África como en el exilio. Pese a las diferencias culturales y contextuales de ambos países y de las comunidades Igbo y Akan representadas, ambas autoras coinciden en ofrecer el desarrollo de nuevas identidades femeninas en sus afamadas novelas Second-Class Citizen (Emecheta, 1974), Kehinde (Emecheta, 1994) y Changes: A Love Story (Aidoo, 1991). En su lucha por ofrecer estas identidades alternativas, Aidoo y Emecheta señalan la importancia de la educación y el mundo laboral como herramientas para intentar huir de unos contextos patriarcales que pueden resultar limitadores para sus personajes. Este artículo pretende explorar, desde una perspectiva de género, la visión del matrimonio en las citadas novelas como un elemento restrictivo en lo que respecta a la independencia identitaria femenina y, en concreto, analizar el concepto de los abusos sexuales o “derechos conyugales” que se han normalizado en las familias y comunidades tradicionales retratadas en estas novelas. A su vez, se estudiará la representación que realizan las dos autoras del fruto de estos abusos –ya sean embarazos continuados en el tiempo o abortos forzados– y su papel como herramienta para someter o limitar la independencia de sus personajes femeninos.
The aim of this paper is to reflect on the theme of urban commons and, in particular, to propose an interpretation of the experience of Italian anti-violence centres in this context. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the theoretical contextualisation of the urban commons. A second part reconstructs the emergence of anti-violence centres in Italy and their evolution over time. The third part is dedicated to the Roman experience of the Lucha y Siesta House, which explicitly declares itself to be a common good managed and shared. In the background and in the conclusions, the tension between the specific identity of the Cav and Women’s Houses and the relationship with the institutions remains, also taking into account the two models of shared management used in our country to care for and manage common goods.
Este ensayo explora cómo la teoría de género, enmarcada en las obras de Judith Butler y Simone de Beauvoir, permea en el contexto de la victimología, al analizar las relaciones de poder que afectan significativamente las normas y expectativas sociales que experimentan las víctimas, generándoles experiencias de revictimización en los casos que son influidos por su condición de género. Partiendo de la argumentación que Judith Butler realiza en su teoría de la performatividad del género, se expone que éste, es un conjunto de actos repetidos que perpetúan estas identidades en la sociedad, analizando la victimización no sólo como una experiencia individual sino como un fenómeno condicionado por estructuras de poder más amplias que, según el discurso de Seyla Benhabib y Nancy Fraser, permiten su explicación más amplia y su entendimiento integral. Para exponer este contexto, se ejemplifica con los casos que refieren Tapley y Davies de violencia doméstica y acoso sexual, ya que al observarlos desde la praxis permiten ilustrar la manera en que las instituciones mexicanas son influenciadas por los estereotipos de género, afectando su capacidad de respuesta frente a las víctimas, lo que ocasiona condiciones de victimización secundaria que perpetua desigualdades al enraizarlas a las estructuras. Así, el objetivo de este ensayo, es reflexionar sobre la necesidad de generar cambios que permitan garantizar respuestas equitativas frente a la victimización en México, resaltando la importancia de analizar dichas relaciones de poder en los procesos institucionales fácticos, abordándolos objetivamente para hacerlos más holísticos e inclusivos desde una perspectiva de género.
The practice of disclosing sexual violence online is transforming how justice can be conceptualised, particularly from victim-survivors’ perspectives. This chapter introduces the focus of the book, highlighting ways that victim-survivors form online communities and harness digital activist movements (such as the #MeToo hashtag) to challenge normative and structural responses to sexual violence. In discussing these examples, this chapter clarifies that much is currently unknown about how and why victim-survivors are increasingly turning to digital spaces in the aftermath of sexual assault and abuse. These are the questions that this book critically examines, arguing that sexual violence disclosures are as diverse and complex as the victim-survivors who make them, and that digital society affords new and emerging contexts to pursue justice.
The #MeToo movement has fostered a social context in which online disclosures of sexual violence are normalised and commonplace; however, there is a longer history of survivors speaking out about sexual violence in a variety of terrestrial and digital contexts. This chapter discusses various ways of speaking out, focussing on how survivor narratives have been politicised since the Women’s Liberation Movement and drawing on feminist literature to argue that these discourses shape how victim-survivors can speak out in the aftermath of sexual violence by framing ‘permissible’ narratives of violence and rendering others ‘unspeakable’. The chapter also examines how stories can be witnessed and heard and foreshadows ‘safety work’ as a central concept that relates to victim-survivors participating in digital society. By examining the history of disclosures of sexual violence in both digital and non-digital contexts, as well as the long-standing feminist history of speaking out, this chapter frames disclosure practices as part of a wider politics, consisting of storytelling, activism—and in some contexts, justice.
El documento explora la problemática de la violencia política de género en la esfera digital en contra las mujeres en América Latina. A pesar de los avances en la representación política de las mujeres en América Latina, persisten desafíos significativos, como la violencia de género en la política. Esta investigación aborda cómo las nuevas tecnologías han generado nuevas formas de violencia hacia las mujeres en política. El documento sistematiza conceptos y estudios, mostrando una "pirámide de violencia política digital" donde diferentes formas de acoso pueden escalar hasta la violencia física. Además, revisa la legislación sobre violencia política digital en la región y concluye con recomendaciones urgentes para todos los actores involucrados.
The final chapter describes programming that addresses intimate partner violence, either directly or indirectly, in low-income, tight-knit communities around the world. The initiatives described here drive the recommendations for future programming in these settings. The recommendations include (1) to empower and invest in women and girls through training and financing; (2) to educate men and boys, community leaders, and frontline workers to change the response to intimate partner violence; (3) to build collaborative, victim-centered, trauma-informed support services for survivors; (4) to use digital technology and social media to the extent possible for connection with other survivors, communication with support services, and educational programming about intimate partner violence. The chapter ends with a call for more research on violence against women in remote areas and support for community-based responses to intimate partner violence.
The article argues the need to analyze violence and the death of women in order to understand them within the complex framework of body control and sexuality policies. This type of approach has been especially produced by feminists through the characterization of the phenomenon called femicide. The text analyzes and explains how the concept of femicides was modernized and amplified and adapted to Latin American national realities as they spread as a law. The author propose a systematic typology based in three categories: (1) reproductive femicide, linked to female deaths by abortion; (2) domestic femicide, linked to lethal violence in the household or family and/or conjugal relations; and (3) sexual femicide, linked to lethal violence with evidence of sexual violence.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengetahuan dan sikap civitas academica tentang kekerasan seksual dan peran perguruan tinggi untuk mencegah dan menanganinya. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner online di perguruan tinggi negeri berbadan hukum (PTN-BH) dengan inisial PT X dan perguruan tinggi negeri tidak berbadan hukum (PT Y). Responden berjumlah 238 orang, dengan proporsi dosen (25%), tenaga kependidikan (15%), dan mahasiswa (60%). Hasil penelitian tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan di kedua jenis PTN tersebut dalam pengetahuan atau pengalaman responden tentang kekerasan seksual, sikap, dan peran perguruan tinggi dalam pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan seksual. Mayoritas responden pernah pengalami kekerasan seksual verbal yaitu mendapatkan ucapan yang memuat rayuan, lelucon, dan/atau siulan yang bernuansa seksual tanpa persetujuan korban. Sikap positif ditunjukkan mayoritas responden terhadap korban, yaitu mendapatkan hak korban (melapor, mencari informasi, memberi informasi alternatif penanganan kasus) dan membantu melaporkannya kepada pihak yang berwenang di kampus. Upaya pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan seksual di kedua perguruan tinggi juga relatif tidak berbeda, dalam bentuk pendampingan psikologis dan hukum, pelaporan, pemulihan korban secara medis, psikologis, sosial, spiritual, dan hukum, dan pengenaan sanksi administratif kepada pelaku, serta penyediaan sarana prasarana untuk menciptakan rasa aman.
Academic norms encourage researchers to present themselves as in-control knowledge producers—even during the design phase of inquiry. These norms are at odds with inductive approaches in which research questions and foci are emergent. In this chapter, I discuss deep listening as a feminist method and praxis that eschews the easy mapping of qualitative data onto existing disciplinary frameworks. My discussion centers the vulnerability of deep listening as it manifests in the analysis phase of interview research, a time at which researchers’ face-to-face interactions with participants have typically ended, and accountability to interviewees begins to exist in tension with unsettling images of future readers and critics. I propose deconstructionist analysis as a practically useful strategy for listening deeply to interlocutors post-fieldwork, and in so doing, speaking back to the epistemic communities in which scholarly work is read and reviewed.
Serious successes from gender violence and alarming social oppinion, are probably taking outstanding places in reports. Gender violence is one more consequence from the violent behavior on women. This work aims a theorist and descriptive nearing of gender violence; and it is sustained that many variables can be associated with a violent behavior in family context. The author introduces a brief concept of aggression, as so as possible factors that predispose to its development and manifestation. Then, some characteristics probably connected to aggressor's fuss and their physical and psychological consequences in victims, are described. Finally, we purpose many essential lines in a programme of intervention with aggressors.
It examines how sociological theory and empirical practice interact, emphasizing the need to combine both to understand social processes. The study examines how theoretical frameworks affect empirical research methods and how empirical findings shape social ideas. The paper examines historical tensions between theory and practice to identify key challenges and opportunities for narrowing this gap. Modern methodologies like mixed methods, multidisciplinary collaborations, and reflexivity are examined to make sociological research more relevant and applicable. This study underlines the need for theoretical-empirical dialogue to advance sociological knowledge and tackle complex social issues.
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