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KETERLIBATAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM RESTORASI KAWASAN PASCA TAMBANG TIMAH OLEH PT. REFINED BANGKA TIN DI DESA PENYAMUN KABUPATEN BANGKA
Abstract
Abstrak Restorasi merupakan upaya pemulihan kembali kawasan akibat kegiatan pertambangan agar dapat berfungsi kembali. Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 78 tahun 2010 tentang reklamasi dan pasca tambang bahwa pemegang izin usaha pertambangan harus melakukan reklamasi atas lahan yang dieksploitasi. Salah satu daerah yang dilakukan reklamasi adalah lahan bekas Tambang Inkonvensional (TI) di Desa Penyamun, Kecamatan Pemali, Kabupaten Bangka. Reklamasi ini dilakukan oleh PT. Refined Bangka Tin (RBT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengelolaan reklamasi oleh PT. Refined Bangka Tin dan bagaimana sikap dan juga keterlibatan masyarakat lokal dalam proses reklamasi tersebut. Untuk menganalisis penelitian ini digunakan perspektif etika lingkungan dan juga restorasi ekologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan observasi, hasil wawancara, studi kepustakaan dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses restorasi dilakukan dengan cara memanfaatkan lahan pasca tambang sebagai lahan pertanian yang bernilai ekonomis melalui program lingkungan hijau sehat (Green For Good), yang bertujuan menciptakan lanskip ekowisata yang dikelola dari masyarakat melalui koperasi penyamun lestari dan juga dalam proses pemulihan
... As a result, PT RBT's restoration efforts are carried out in order to revitalize or restore the function of land that is no longer productive due to mining activities. Through this sustainable reclamation program, RBT also aims to teach farming methods that can provide alternative sources of income for communities around mining sites (Rahmawan 2020). ...
... The previous study differs from this study in that the solution direction is more focused on chemical soil analysis, whereas this study tends to lead to a social and economic point of view. According to Rahmawan's (2020) study, even though the program being implemented is the same, namely Green for Good, in practice, however, the study was carried out by planting ecotourism and fish cultivation on reclaimed land. This study's program is based on publications published by Rochmayanto et al. (2021) regarding Strategies and Techniques for Restoration of the Peat Swamp Forest Ecosystem to be one of the same programs, namely agriculture on peatland (paludiculture), fisheries (aquaculture), and ecotourism. ...
Indonesia is still facing various environmental problems due to increasingly massive and inappropriate mining activities. Therefore, land restoration is a basic practice in the rehabilitation of mining damage. This study aims to examine empirically the reality of the relationship between the community and PT RBT and strengthen social capital in carrying out post-mining land restoration activities. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and a literature study. The results showed that social relations became the main indicator in supporting the formation of trust, cooperation, and networks. Elements of social capital are packaged in the form of community participation in various post-mining land restoration activities. This is done to minimize the level of environmental damage that has increased massively, marked by the ex-mining pit that occurred in Bangka Belitung. The relationships formed are certainly expected to provide feedback for villages that run post-mining land restoration programs. This study concludes that the existence of bonding and bridging social capital that works well will facilitate the continuity of the post-mining land restoration programs.
... While variables such as envpol, amdal, image, ecoprotect, land prep, envreg, and soil strongly influence each other. Similarly, the results of this study are supported by findings from Rahmawan (2020) regarding the involvement of local business development (lbd), Rusdiana & Setiadi (2019) regarding land preparation as a determining variable in the success of land revegetation. Figure 5 shows the indirect influence relationship between variables. ...
Revegetation after petroleum mining operations is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration of sustainability factors to ensure long-term success. PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan has taken its environmental responsibilities seriously and has restored ex-mining land through replanting efforts at ex-well sites, ex-production facilities, and ex-borrow pits. This is important for environmental sustainability, especially after mining oil and gas. This study aims to identify important variables in maintaining the sustainability of revegetation activities at PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan by describing the intensity of influence and interdependence between variables and grouping them from the most influential to the least influential. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect data, and the MICMAC approach was used to analyze the relationships between variables. This research has identified 13 ecological, socioeconomic, and conflict mitigation variables that are important in land revegetation activities. Based on the results, the relationships between these variables have been derived by highlighting the key indicators that trigger sustainable revegetation efforts, namely variables such as envreg, amdal, local business development (lbd), and relationship. The lbd variable strongly influences the welfare variable, amdal, and the other variables strongly influence the company's image. Post-mining land revegetation efforts at PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan demonstrate the company's commitment to environmental sustainability. By considering sustainability variables in the revegetation process after petroleum mining operations, PT PHR ensures that its rehabilitation efforts can restore land while promoting sustainable practices and providing benefits to local communities.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan pengukuran dan evaluasi terhadap dampak penambangan timah inkonvensional terhadap kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat, maupun terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan akibat penambangan timah di Kabupaten Bangka Barat Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Data penelitian diperoleh dari kuesioner, observasi dan penelusuran pustaka. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner, serta penilaian awareness dan persepsi masyarakat. Selain itu akan dilakukan analisis jalur untuk melihat pengaruh variabel terhadap persepsi dampak sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Penelitian melibatkan 400 responden yang dipilih secara acak di 2 kecamatan di Kabupaten Bangka Barat yaitu Kecamatan Mentok dan Kecamatan Jebus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertambangan timah inkonvensional memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kondisi sosial masyarakat, namun memberikan dampak positif terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat. Berdasarkan analisis jalur, variabel awareness, kesediaan berpartisipasi, ekspektasi dan dukungan terhadap penambangan timah inkonvensional memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap persepsi dampak sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Kata kunci: pertambangan timah inkonvensional, validitas dan reliabilitas, analisis jalur Abtract: This study is a measurement and evaluation of the impact of unconventional tin mining on the social and economic conditions, as well as the environmental damage caused by tin mining in the district of West Bangka of Bangka Belitung province. Data were obtained from questionnaires, observation, and literature review. Firstly, questionnaire need to be tested its validity and reliability before continued to assess awareness and perception. In addition there will be path analysis to observe the influene of variables to perception of social, economic and environment impacts. The study involved 400 randomly selectced respondents in the tw osub districts in the District of West Bangka, they are Mentok and Jebus. Observation result showed that the unconventional tin mining gives negative impact on the environment and social conditions, but it gives a positive impact on the economic conditions. Based on path analysis, variables of awareness, participation, expectation and support unconventional tin mining have significant effect to perception of social, economic and environment impacts. Keywords: Unconventional tin mining, validity, reliability, path analysis
Kerusakan akibat penambangan timah di Pulau Bangka semakin meningkat terutama sejak berkembangnya penambangan inkonvensional. Dampak kegiatan penambangan timah, baik tambang konvensional maupun inkonvensional terhadap lingkungan fisik berupa bertambahnya lahan kritis akibat berkurangnya hutan, rusaknya lahan pertanian dan kebun. Upaya rehabilitasi lahan bekas tambang ditinjau dari aspek teknis adalah upaya untuk mengembalikan kondisi tanah agar stabil dan tidak rawan erosi. Dari aspek ekonomis dan estetika lahan, kondisi tanah diperbaiki agar nilai/potensi ekonomisnya dapat dikembalikan sekurang-kurangnya seperti keadaan semula. Dari aspek ekosistem, upaya pengembalian kondisi ekosistem ke ekosistem semula. Dalam hal ini revegetasi adalah upaya yang dapat dinilai mencakup kepada kepentingan aspek-aspek tersebut, dimana reklamasi hampir selalu identik dengan revegetasi.
Konflik antara PT. SMM, masyarakat Kecamatan Naga Juang, dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, berakar pada hubungan ekonomi yang menyangkut pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan komoditi emas. Penelitian ini berupaya melihat relasi di antara ketiga stakeholder tersebut. Melihat hal-hal yang menjadi sebab konflik, mengurai struktur dan dinamika konfik serta merumuskan strategi resolusi konflik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dimensi sebab konflik disebabkan oleh dimensi ekonomi atas pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan komoditi emas, dimensi struktur dan dinamika sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran aktor yang mendorong peningkatan ketegangan dan eskalasi konfik. Resolusi konflik yang dirumuskan yaitu strategi akomodatif. Strategi akomodatif adalah strategi yang mengakomodir kepentingan dan espektasi dari dua stakeholder kunci yaitu, Pemkab Madina dan masyarakat Kecamatan Naga Juang.
Conflict between PT. SMM, Naga Juang district community, and the government of Mandailing Natal Regency, rooted in economic relations that concern to the management and utilization of gold’s commodity. This research attempt to see the relationship between the three stakeholders, see the causes of conflict, analyze the structure and dynamics of conflict, and also formulate strategies of conflict resolution. The results showed, the economic dimension of the conflict caused by the management and utilization of gold commodity, structural and dynamics dimensions are strongly influenced by the role of actors which encouraged tension escalation and conflicts. The formulation of conflict resolution is an accommodative strategic which is a strategy that accommodates the interests and expectations of two key stakeholders, namely Mandailing Natal regencial government, and Naga Juang district community.
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