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Three new generic records of subfamily Nolinae Hampson (Lepidoptera: Nolidae)
from Laos
Yeong–Bin Cha, Ulziijargal Bayarsaikhan, Jae–Ho Ko, Tak–Gi Lee, Chang–Moon
Jang, Hanul Kim, Jeong–Nam Kim, Yang–Seop Bae
PII: S2287-884X(20)30169-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2020.12.006
Reference: JAPB 583
To appear in: Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
Received Date: 25 August 2020
Revised Date: 9 November 2020
Accepted Date: 21 December 2020
Please cite this article as: Cha Y–B, Bayarsaikhan U, Ko J–H, Lee T–G, Jang C–M, Kim H, Kim J–N,
Bae Y–S, Three new generic records of subfamily Nolinae Hampson (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) from Laos,
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2020.12.006.
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Original article
Three new generic records of subfamily Nolinae Hampson (Lepidoptera:
Nolidae) from Laos
Yeong–Bin Cha
a
, Ulziijargal Bayarsaikhan
b
, Jae–Ho Ko
b
, Tak–Gi Lee
a
, Chang–Moon Jang
a
, Hanul
Kim
a
, Jeong–Nam Kim
a
, Yang–Seop Bae
a, b, *
a
Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University,
Academi-ro, Incheon 22012, South Korea. E-mail. cyb0201@naver.com
b
Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Academi-ro, Incheon 22012,
South Korea.
*
Corresponding author. E-mail. baeys@inu.ac.kr
Abstract
Three genera of subfamily Nolinae Hampson are reported for the first time from Laos, with
three new records: Mokfanola crustaceata László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010, Varganola flavibasis
(Hampson, 1900) and Suerkenola sublongiventris Shao & Han, 2010. Illustrations of the adults and
the genitalia of all examined species are provided.
Keywords: Oriental Region, new record, Mokfanola, Varganola, Suerkenola, taxonomy, distribution.
Introduction
The faunal study of the subfamily Nolinae Hampson, 1894 in the Oriental region was poorly
studied during the past century, but considerable research has been made since the end of the 1990′s
(Inoue 1998; Holloway 2003; László et al 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007a, 2007b, 2010; Kononenko and
Pinratana 2013; László et al 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, 2013d; Qi et al 2013a; László et al 2014a, 2014b,
2014c, 2014d, 2014e, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c; Cha et al 2019; Joshi et al 2019; László et al 2020). The
subfamily Nolinae is mainly characterized as follows: boat-shaped cocoon, porrect labial palpus, often
appear three patches of tuft scales and ocelli absent (Hacker et al 2012). Only six genera and nine
species of Nolinae are known from Laos
whereas in the adjacent countries as follows: 64 species in
Nepal, 25 species in Myanmar, 150 species in Thailand, 21 species in Cambodia, 128 species in
Indonesia, and 43 species in Vietnam (Yoshimoto 1993; Inoue 1998; Holloway 2003; László et al
2010; Kononenko and Pinratana 2013; Qi et al 2013b; László et al 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, 2014d,
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2014e; Hu et al 2015; László et al 2015a, 2015b, 2015c; Cha et al 2019; Joshi et al 2019; László et al
2020).
In this paper, three genera are newly recorded from Laos: Mokfanola László, Ronkay & Witt,
2010, Suerkenola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010, and Varganola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010. Adults
and genitalia of newly recorded species are illustrated.
Material and methods
Specimens examined are preserved in the collection of Incheon National University, Incheon,
Korea, which were collected from various localities of three provinces (Xieng Khouang, Bolikhamsai,
and Champasak Prov.) in the central and lower area of Laos. The specimens were collected by using
light sheets with a mercury vapor lamp (220V/200W) and four blacklight lamps (FL20SbL). Genitalia
were dissected and examined under Leica EZ4 stereomicroscope (Wetzlar, Germany). Images of
adults were taken by using Leica S6D (Wetzlar, Germany) stereomicroscope attached to a Dhyana
400DC (Tucsen Photonics, Fuzhou, China) with dome illuminator Leica LED5000 HDI (Wetzlar,
Germany). Genitalia photograph were taken by using a Leica S8AP0 stereomicroscope attached to a
Dhyana 400DC (Tucsen Photonics, Fuzhou, China). Abbreviations for the materials depositories are
as follows: BMHN: British Museum of Natural History, London, INU: Incheon National University,
MWM: Museum Witt Munich, TS: type species, TL: type locality.
Taxonomic accounts
Superfamily Noctuoidea Latreille, 1809
Family Nolidae Bruand, 1846
Subfamily Nolinae Hampson, 1894
Genus Mokfanola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010
Mokfanola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010: 27. TS: Mokfanola crustaceata László, Ronkay &
Witt, 2010. TL: Thailand (Prov. Chiangmai.)
The genus Mokfanola László, Ronkay & Witt (2010) is characterized by unique male genitalia:
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triangularly elongated, strongly sclerotized valva; strongly sclerotized claw-shaped process on costal
margin; ventral margin of valva heavily covered with setae; strong setae quite presence on ventral
margin of sacculus; reversed V-like fultura inferior present. Characters in female genitalia: strongly
sclerotized discoid-shaped ostium bursae; sclerotized ductus bursae bent in posterior half, and with
signum narrow, linear, and conspicuously.
Mokfanola crustaceata László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010
(Figure 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B)
Mokfanola crustaceata László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010: 28. Pl. 3: 7, Pl. 11: 13; gen. fig. 25. TL:
Thailand (Prov. Chiangmai, [MWM])
Adult. (Figures 1A and 1B). Length of forewing 9–10 mm (wingspan 19–20 mm) in male, 10–
11 mm (wingspan 22–23 mm) in female. Antenna bipectinate in male and filiform in female. Ground
color of forewing dark blonde; black antemedial line zigzagged; black medial line rather excurved
near postmedial line and dentate with a dark spot on median area; indistinct subterminal line waved;
termen relatively darker than ground color of forewing. Ground color of hindwing light brown and
gradually darkened to margin, with a gray dot on discal cell.
Male genitalia (Figure 2A). Uncus rhomboid and pointed; setae present dorsally and two
bundles of hairs present ventrally. Tegumen broaden at base. Sclerotized valva elongated, scalene
triangular, with rather strongly sclerotized claw-shaped ampullar process; ventral margin of valva
covered with setae. Fultura inferior reversed V-like plate. Saccus U-shaped. Aedeagus moderate and
concave at median; half to apex sclerotized, with a bundle of short cornuti. 8
th
tergite weakly
sclerotized; 8
th
sternite not conspicuously characters, except large H-shaped sclerite.
Female genitalia (Figure 2B). Ostium bursae sclerotized and broaden discoid-shaped. Ductus
bursae rather bent and sclerotized. Corpus bursae ovate, with conspicuous strigular signum.
Material examined. 3♂, 3♀, PKK National Park, Prov. Bolikhamsai, Laos (18˚25′11.75″N,
103˚05′12.95″E Alt. 290 m), 03 ix 2018 (YS Bae, DJ Lee, JH Ko, TG Lee, YB Cha & CM Jang),
INU-9309, 9310, 9311, 9312.
Distribution. Laos (new record), India, Thailand.
Remarks. This species only has been reported from India (Joshi et al 2019) and north Thailand
(László et al 2010). Now we report it for Laos herein.
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Genus Varganola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010
Varganola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010: 30. TS: Roeselia flavibasis Hampson, 1900. TL: [Sri
Lanka] Ceylon, Colombo.
The monotypic genus Varganola László, Ronkay & Witt (2010) is characterized by the unique
forewing: brownish-gray, with black streaks on each vein. The male genitalia: valva quite long,
central part rather narrow, broaden at apex and harpe thumb-shaped. Aedeagus with robust and
triangular a series of cornuti. The female genitalia: do not have any apomorphy character.
Varganola flavibasis (Hampson, 1900)
(Figures 1C and 2C)
Roeselia flavibasis Hampson, 1900: 63, pl. 20, fig. 3. TL: [Sri Lanka] Ceylon, Colombo.
Varganola flavibasis Hampson: László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010: 30.
Adult. (Figure 1C). Length of forewing 9 mm (wingspan 17 mm) in male. Antenna bipectinate
in male (Only sample′s head lost, ref. László et al 2010, pl. 4, figure 6) (László et al 2010). Ground
color of forewing grayish beige; dark brown at terminal area; antemedial line indistinct and rather
zigzag; postmedial line dentate; terminal area dark brown, with three dark streaks. Hindwing ground
color light brown and gradually darkened to margin.
Male genitalia (Figure 2C). Uncus tapering and apex pointed. Tegumen stout and almost one-
third shorter than valva; costal margin of valva sclerotized except apex; central part rather narrow and
broaden at apex; weakly curved and thumb-shaped harpe situated base at valva; sacculus sclerotized.
Aedeagus sclerotized, straight, with robust triangular a series of cornuti. 8
th
tergite sclerotized and
wine glass-shaped; 8
th
sternite sclerotized anteriorly.
Female genitalia. Not examined in this study.
Material examined. 1♂, PKK National Park, Prov. Bolikhamsai, Laos (N18˚27′23.76″,
E103˚03′05.15″ Alt. 470 m), 30 vii 2019 (YS Bae, MJ Qi, DJ Lee, JH Ko, TG Lee, YB Cha, & CM
Jang), INU-9332.
Distribution. Laos (new record), Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Remarks. This species has been reported only from Sri Lanka and Thailand by László et al
(2010). Now we report it for Laos herein.
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Genus Suerkenola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010
Suerkenola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010: 27. TS: Nola longiventris Poujade, 1886. TL: China
(Sichuan, Moupin [BMHN]).
The genus Suerkenola László, Ronkay & Witt (2010) has only two described species in the
world: S. longiventris László, Ronkay & Witt (2010) and S. sublongiventris Shao & Han (2010). This
genus is very characteristic in the male genitalia: large, well-developed, entirely sclerotized sacculus
with dorsally serrate; ampullar process apically hooked. In contrast, females are characterized by only
a broad ostium bursae with a couple of rather sclerotized medial plate.
Suerkenola sublongiventris Shao & Han, 2010
(Figures 1D and 2D)
Suerkenola sublongiventris Shao & Han, 2010: 119, figures 1–5. TL: China (Yunnan)
Adult. (Figure 1D). Length of forewing 11–13 mm (wingspan 22–26 mm) in male. Antenna
bipectinate in male. Ground color of forewing grayish beige; yellowish-brown proximal costal patch
present; antemedial line brownish-green and angled at median; median costal patch yellowish-brown
and medial line remarkable at dorsum; postmedial line angled two times near median; subterminal
line black, mixed with yellowish-brown and excurved to tornus. Hindwing ground color light brown
and gradually darkened to margin; an indistinct gray dot on discal cell.
Male genitalia (Figure 2D). Uncus sharpness and apical pointed. Tegumen stout and half-
length than valva. Valva broad and costal margin of valva sclerotized; costal process weakly
sclerotized and gradually broaden to apex; ampullar process situated base at costal process, weakly
curved and apically hooked; sacculus strongly sclerotized and dorsally convexity, with serrate. Juxta
rhomboidal. Saccus rounded V-shaped. Aedeagus sclerotized, straight, apical area weakly convexity
and subapical tip strongly sclerotized, without cornutus; coecum truncated. 8
th
tergite weakly
sclerotized, top wider bented H-shaped, with tapering each terminal; 8
th
sternite weakly sclerotized
anteriorly.
Female genitalia. Not examined in this study.
Material examined. (5♂) 3♂, Ban Tha, Province XiengKhouang, Laos (19°43′28.92″N
103°35′26.02″E Alt: 1,245m), 01 ix 2018 (YS Bae, SM Na, DJ Lee, JH Ko, TG Lee, YB Cha & CM
Jang), INU-9326, 9237, 9330; 1♂, Ban Tha, Province XiengKhouang, Laos (19°43′31.40″N
103°35′25.73″E Alt: 1,212m), 02 ix 2018 (YS Bae, SM Na, DJ Lee, JH Ko, TG Lee, YB Cha & CM
Jang), INU-9328; 1♂, PKK National Park, Prov. Bolikhamsai, Laos (N18˚30′12.2″, E103˚03′40.5″ Alt.
624 m), 18 ii 2017 (YS Bae, BS Park, SM Na, DJ Lee & JH Ko), INU-9329.
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Distribution. Laos (new record), China.
Remarks. This species was only known in China Shao and Han (2010). We now report this
species for the first time out of China, Laos herein.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We express our sincere thanks to Prof. Woo-shin Lee, Seoul National University, Dr. Jae-Shin
Kang and Mi-Jeong Jeon, National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Ministry of
Environment, Korea, for kind arrangements of field trip in Laos. We thank the authorities in Lao PDR,
especially Mr Sangvane Bouavong, Mr. Veosavanh Saysavanh, and Sythat Setthavanxay, Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment, Lao PDR, for permitting surveys in the National Park and other
areas of Laos to study the Lepidoptera biodiversity of the country. Also, we are grateful to Dr. John. B.
Heppner (Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville); Dr. Wesley J.
Bicha (121 Old Batley Road, Oliver Springs, Tennessee 37840, U.S.A) for reading the original
manuscript carefully. Moreover, we also express our thanks to Dr. Young-Don Ju, Bo-Sun Park, Sol-
Moon Na, Dong-June Lee Animal Diversity Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National
University, for their assistance during collection. This research was supported by a grant from the
National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment of the
Republic of Korea (NIBR 202006203).
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Figure 1. Adults of newly recorded species from Laos: A, Mokfanola crustaceata, male (INU-9309);
B, ditto, female (INU-9311); C, Varganola flavibasis, male (INU-9332); D, Suerkenola
sublongiventris, male (INU-9328). <scale bar: 1cm (A-D)>
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Figure 2. Genitalia of newly recorded species from Laos: A, Mokfanola crustaceata, male (INU-
9309); B, ditto, female (INU-9311); C, Varganola flavibasis, male (INU-9332); D, Suerkenola
sublongiventris, mReale (INU-9328). <scale bar: 1mm (A-D)>
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest
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