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Ice-Houses: Energy, Architecture, and Sustainability

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Abstract

Ice-Houses: Energy, Architecture and Sustainability introduces a novel, sustainable, natural/low-energy technology that relies on daily/seasonal ice production and storage methods to reduce electricity use in buildings, particularly at peak times, while simultaneously meeting inhabitants’ thermal comfort needs and decreasing GHG emissions. Both traditional and current ice-houses are covered, plus related cold energy production, storage, and utilization processes. Highlights include: • Recent developments in cold energy production and storage through ice-making to reduce electricity demand in buildings • A comprehensive review of writing on ice-house history and architecture, plus methods of cold energy production and storage used over time, all lavishly supported by photos and drawings • Worked sample problems that clarify the various processes involved This book is essential reading for engineers, architects, and researchers looking to advance their understanding of traditional and current methods of thermal energy production and storage for space heating/cooling purposes. Its descriptions and stunning photos of early Iranian ice-houses set it apart from works that focus only on modern technological approaches to thermal comfort.
ENERGY, ARCHITECTURE, AND SUSTAINABILITY
Ice-Houses
Alireza Dehghani-Sanij
and Mehdi N. Bahadori
... Ranging from 150cm to 250cm at the bottom and approximately 20cm at the top, this thickness offers multiple advantages to the Icehouse system. Primarily, the substantial wall thickness plays a significant role in reducing heat transfer, a crucial element for preserving ice during warmer seasons (Dehghani-Sanij and Bahadori, 2021). The thickness, which is also a common factor in Iranian vernacular architecture in hot and arid climates, reduces the penetration of heat into the interior space by increasing the high thermal capacity mass and participates in minimizing heat exchange from outside. ...
... The shadowing walls constitute another crucial element with numerous benefits. Positioned in the East-West direction, their primary function is to cast a shadow on the ponds and block South sunlight and warm winds from reaching the Ice reservoir and Shallow Ice pounds (Dehghani-Sanij and Bahadori, 2021). Additionally, these shadowing walls play a crucial role in establishing a micro-climate conducive to Ice Production in the arid climate of Iran. ...
... Additionally, the availability of the material made it financially reasonable which is another benefit that increased its application in the vernacular architecture of Iran. The Ice House reservoir is encompassed by a dome, featuring a ratio where the distance between the center and the length of the minor axis is approximately 4/3 (Dehghani-Sanij and Bahadori, 2021). The diminishing thickness of the dome yields several advantages for the Ice-making process. ...
Thesis
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“Preserving the Past, Protecting the Future” explores the critical link between Climate Change, a significant threat to human life, and Climate-responsive vernacular architecture, offering a potential solution to both building shelter and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It proposes a methodology of “Deconstruction” to analyze performance and understand the distinct and related architectural elements that have evolved to work as a whole. Additionally, it delves deeply into the study of a specific Climate-Responsive vernacular element from Iran, known as the Ice House (Yakhchal). This research includes a deconstruction of the Ice House into architectural elements, in addition to a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), several Thermal Analyses, and simulations to understand its potential as a development of a prototype that can provide passive cooling.
... The latent heat ratio (LHR) and the sensible heat ratio (SHR) are used to determine the relative amounts of humidity and thermal load that need to be eliminated from a building in order to attain thermal comfort [9,10]. The SHR represents the ratio of the sensible load to the total load, while the LHR refers to the ratio of the latent load to the total load [11,12]. When designing an air conditioner for a low LHR space, it is common to use an electric chiller with an integrated cooling coil to cool the air to a temperature below the dew point [13]. ...
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Chapter
An innovative global strategy to address climate change concerns is the concept of net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs). Designing and choosing a cooling system as the building’s primary energy consumption is one of the most important aspects of NZEBs, particularly in hot and humid regions where thermal comfort conditions are required throughout the year. This chapter aims to evaluate the feasibility of using solar cooling systems powered by photovoltaic (PV) systems in tropical regions in NZEBs. This study’s methodology includes three major sections: building energy audit, solar cooling design, and PV system design. An energy audit was performed on a case study building—a room and a fan coil unit (FCU)—at the National University of Malaysia—or Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)—to detect conventional cooling systems’ cooling load and energy consumption. The findings of the energy measurement show that the mechanical dehumidification process required a cooling coil capacity of 7.28 kW, or 56% of the total cooling coil capacity (13.06 kW) of the FCU, due to the greater percentage of latent load (51%) in the room in comparison with sensible load (49%). This challenge leads to the alternative solution for the case study: a chemical dehumidification process coupled with sensible cooling technology. A solar desiccant cooling system was developed through the TRNSYS software, and it was then simulated and experimentally verified. The proposed model could provide thermal comfort while saving 17–37% energy compared to a traditional cooling system, according to the results of the modelling energy analysis. It was also demonstrated that the proposed model could be used as an energy-efficient cooling system with the potential to be powered by a PV system for an NZEB. The PV system’s size, type, and orientation were designed and simulated by the PVsyst software to provide a power supply for the specified cooling system in accordance with power load, Malaysia’s meteorological data, site location, and the nation’s energy policy.
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