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EVALUACIÓN DE ESPECIES INVASORAS VEGETALES EN LA ISLA DE EL HIERRO (ISLAS CANARIAS). TOP 10.
Abstract
Se propuso llevar a cabo una evaluación del impacto de diferentes especies con carácter invasor en la isla de El Hierro. Con ello se persiguió elaborar una lista priorizada de taxones sobre los que debe llevarse a cabo una labor de control y/o erradicación, dando información sobre la taxonomía, ecología, distribución espacial, grado de afección a los ecosistemas insulares de dichas especies invasoras; así como recoger correctos modos de manejo de las mismas.
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We studied road edge effects on floristic composition and richness of alien and native plants on five zonal ecosystems, following a steep altitudinal gradient from arid coastal and mid-elevation scrublands, through laurel and pine forests, to summit scrub, on Tenerife (Canary Islands). We analyzed vegetation within transects running from the road edge to the core of natural habitats. Alien richness significantly decreased with distance to road edge for most ecosystems. Native richness also decreased with increasing road distance for the coastal scrub and pine forest, but increased for the thermophilous scrub. We found a decrease in both native and alien species richness with elevation. Our results suggest that road edge effects in alien plant invasion are stronger in native shrub communities at low elevations than in forests (laurel and Canary Island pine forest), where aliens were limited to a narrow road edge band. Detrended correspondence analyses showed that road edge plots were floristically very different from interior plots and that each ecosystem harboured a specific alien assemblage with few species present in more than one ecosystem, suggesting a marked species turnover of roadside alien species across altitudinal belts up to the pine forest. However, at high elevations, very few aliens invaded roadsides, probably due to harsh environmental conditions and still relatively low propagule pressure.
Invasion biology is an important element of global environmental change and represents one of the main threats to biodiversity. American species were introduced to Tenerife after the Spanish conquest during the eighteenth century, as is the case for Agave americana and Opuntia dillenii. The long period of naturalization and adaptation of these species has led them to become two of the most dispersed introduced species of the archipelago. We analyzed several eradication management processes in an area intensively invaded by both O. dillenii and A. americana. Three treatments were randomly applied: mechanical removal, use of herbicide (glyphosate at 10% volume), and mechanical and herbicide applied together. Both the effectiveness of the treatments to remove the target exotic species biovolume and the impact of the eradication methods on species richness and species composition of the area were analyzed. We found that the treatments had an impact on species composition but not on species richness. Species composition was mainly affected by mechanical treatment. The effect caused by the mechanical removal of the exotic target species in species composition is minor after 4 years, and is related to a higher dominance of shrub species typical of coastal shrubland and of annual or pioneer species. The control of O. dillenii and A. americana is evident from insignificant recovery 4 years after treatment application. A mechanical and herbicide treatment together, allowed not only the immediate removal of large individuals but also the herbicidal control of smaller ones.
Study of the impacts of biological invasions, a pervasive component of global change, has generated remarkable understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of the spread of introduced populations. The growing field of invasion science, poised at a crossroads where ecology, social sciences, resource management, and public perception meet, is increasingly exposed to critical scrutiny from several perspectives. Although the rate of biological invasions, elucidation of their consequences, and knowledge about mitigation are growing rapidly, the very need for invasion science is disputed. Here, we highlight recent progress in understanding invasion impacts and management, and discuss the challenges that the discipline faces in its science and interactions with society.
Recent comprehensive data provided through the DAISIE project (www.europe-aliens.org) have facilitated the development of the first pan-European assessment of the impacts of alien plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments on ecosystem services. There are 1094 species with documented ecological impacts and 1347 with economic impacts. The two taxonomic groups with the most species causing impacts are terrestrial invertebrates and terrestrial plants. The North Sea is the maritime region that suffers the most impacts. Across taxa and regions, ecological and economic impacts are highly correlated. Terrestrial invertebrates create greater economic impacts than ecological impacts, while the reverse is true for terrestrial plants. Alien species from all taxonomic groups affect "supporting", "provisioning", "regulating", and "cultural" services and interfere with human well-being. Terrestrial vertebrates are responsible for the greatest range of impacts, and these are widely distributed across Europe. Here, we present a review of the financial costs, as the first step toward calculating an estimate of the economic consequences of alien species in Europe.
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of free-living wild animals can be classified into three major groups on the basis of
key epizootiological criteria: (i) EIDs associated with “spill-over” from domestic animals to wildlife populations living
in proximity; (ii) EIDs related directly to human intervention, via host or parasite translocations; and (iii) EIDs with no
overt human or domestic animal involvement. These phenomena have two major biological implications: first, many wildlife species
are reservoirs of pathogens that threaten domestic animal and human health; second, wildlife EIDs pose a substantial threat
to the conservation of global biodiversity.
Este libro es el resultado de una larga trayectoria de observación y estudio de los géneros Aeonium, Aichryson y Monanthes. Originados en los archipiélagos macaronésicos, su área de distribución está relegada casi exclusívamente a las islas Canarias, donde crecen un total de 53 especies y casi un centenar de taxones infraespecíficos (incluyendo híbridos). El objetivo principal del libro ha sido la recopilación de toda la información que se ha barajado de estas especies desde los tiempos históricos hasta el impacto que han producido los estudios moleculares actuales. Se tratan las singularidades ecológicas, bioclimáticas, fisiológicas y evolutivas de estas plantas y en el contexto sistemático se aportan claves de identificación, descripción, ilustración y cartografía. Asimismo, se dan a conocer datos inéditos de cultivo y potencial hortícola de todas las especies así como de sus híbridos naturales.
One new species (Linaria simplex) is reported for the native flora of the Canary Islands as well as 16 species are new to the aloctonous flora of Tenerife, Gomera or La Palma islands. Among others Tetraclinis articulata is confirmed as subspotaneous in the flora of Gran Canaria island. Keywords: Native, aloctonous, Canarian flora, Linaria.
Méndez Santos, I. E.: A taxonomic revision of Lantana sect. Lantana (Verbenaceae) in the Greater Antilles. - Willdenowia 32: 285-301. 2002. - ISSN 0511-9618. The revision of Lantana sect. Lantana for the projects "Flora of the Republic of Cuba" and "Flora of the Greater Antilles" confirmed the presence of 10 species and 16 infraspecific taxa in the territory. Their diagnostic characters are specified, two new forms are described (L. camara f. caffertyi and L. flava f. sandersii), the rank of three taxa is modified, and eight new combinations are established.
This book summarizes knowledge about invasive species and the problems that they cause in 7 chapters, with the following titles: a framework for the study of invasions; the origins and success and failure of invasions; which communities are invaded by which type of species; the process of spread; ecological consequences of invasions; genetic and evolutionary effects; and implications and communities. Author and subject indexes are provided.
Traducción de: Wild flowers of the Canary Islands Incluye índice
Se ha llevado a cabo una elección de especies objeto de estudio, una labor de cartografía de las mismas durante cinco meses y una priorización en el manejo en base a un cuestionario
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