ArticlePDF Available

Journal of Dermatology and Clinical Research Central Peptides: A Novel Approach to Enhance Eyelash and Eyebrow Growth

Authors:
  • Baden R& D Centre Germany
  • European Wellness Biomedical Group

Abstract

Purpose: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical peptides as a treatment to enhance eyelash and eyebrow appearance. Subjects and methods: An open label cohort study over a period of 12 weeks was performed on healthy adult female subjects. All subjects daily applied a peptide extract solution on their eyelids and eyebrow. They also attended a fortnightly microneedle session to apply the peptide extract solution on the eyelash and eyebrow. The length of the eyelash was determined using an eyelash ruler while the overall eyelash appearance was assessed using the GEA scale. The eyebrows appearance was evaluated using digital photography and assessed by two independent dermatologist while individual eyebrow follicle thickness and the presence of new eyebrow hair follicles were evaluated using the Micro skin and hair diagnostic device (EW-EWB-1007-307, Germany). Results: The peptide extract solution significantly increased the length of the eyelash by 3.7± 1.4mm (p = 0.014). There was a 100% improvement in the GEA scale evaluation, where 83% showed a one-grade improvement while the remaining 17% demonstrated a 17% improvement. Eyebrow analyser scans showed an increased thickness in individual eyebrow thickness and there were the presence of many new eyebrow hair follicles at the end of the 12 weeks. Conclusion: Peptide extract solution is a safe and efficient treatment to enhance eyelash and eyebrow appearance without causing any major adverse reactions.
Journal of Dermatology and Clinical Research
Cite this article: Alvin G, Chernykh V, Chan M (2020) Peptides: A Novel Approach to Enhance Eyelash and Eyebrow Growth. J Dermatolog Clin Res 8(2): 1137.
Central
*Corresponding author
Glen Alvin, Jesselton Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu,
Malaysia, Email: alspurs2000@yahoo.com
Submitted: 01 November 2020
Accepted: 23 November 2020
Published: 25 November 2020
ISSN: 2373-9371
Copyright
© 2020 Alvin G, et al.
OPEN ACCESS
Keywords
•Peptides; Eyelash elongation; Eyebrow thickness
Research Article
Peptides: A Novel Approach to
Enhance Eyelash and Eyebrow
Growth
Glen Alvin1*, Volodymyr Chernykh2 and Mike Chan3
1Jesselton Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
2European Wellness Academy, Germany
3EW Villa Medica, Eden Koben, Germany
3FCTI Research & Development GmbH, Germany
Abstract
Purpose: Evaluate the safety and efcacy of topical peptides as a treatment to enhance eyelash and eyebrow appearance.
Subjects and methods: An open label cohort study over a period of 12 weeks was performed on healthy adult female subjects. All subjects daily applied a peptide extract
solution on their eyelids and eyebrow. They also attended a fortnightly microneedle session to apply the peptide extract solution on the eyelash and eyebrow. The length of the
eyelash was determined using an eyelash ruler while the overall eyelash appearance was assessed using the GEA scale. The eyebrows appearance was evaluated using digital
photography and assessed by two independent dermatologist while individual eyebrow follicle thickness and the presence of new eyebrow hair follicles were evaluated using the
Micro skin and hair diagnostic device (EW-EWB-1007-307, Germany).
Results: The peptide extract solution signicantly increased the length of the eyelash by 3.7± 1.4mm (p = 0.014). There was a 100% improvement in the GEA scale evaluation,
where 83% showed a one-grade improvement while the remaining 17% demonstrated a 17% improvement. Eyebrow analyser scans showed an increased thickness in individual
eyebrow thickness and there were the presence of many new eyebrow hair follicles at the end of the 12 weeks.
Conclusion: Peptide extract solution is a safe and efcient treatment to enhance eyelash and eyebrow appearance without causing any major adverse reactions.
INTRODUCTION
The eyelash and eyebrows are anatomical structures of the
face that are closely associated with beauty but also central to all
perceived human interaction [1]. The eyebrow protects the eye
and its movements bequeaths the bearers emotion and an art of
communication [1,2].
       
 

envy of all women [3,4]. The introduction of Iantropost to treat

  
solution was approved by the United States (US) Food and
        
       
      
      
[7,8]. An invasive and permanent method to increase eyelash
prominence is transplantation, which involves the transfer
           
        
 

procedures nor the undesired ocular effects of the synthetic

Peptide therapeutics commenced in medical practice since the

   21. They are

 

be synthetic or a chain of amino acids naturally synthesized by

      
        
    
       


well as its proliferation and differentiation in adults [17].


        
         
        
       
   

to thickness, presence of new hair follicles and an increase in
   
  

Alvin G, et al. (2020)
J Dermatolog Clin Res 8(2): 1137 (2020) 2/6
Central
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is an open label cohort study over a period of 12 weeks
        
         

Sabah, Malaysia
The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics review
board and the study was conducted in compliance with Good
   
period of 3 months prior to the commencement of the clinical
       
   
  

any time. A clinical specialist would appropriately treat adverse

        
          
            
         
study. They had normal eyelash and eyebrow hair density and

          
and comply with the study protocol as advised by the clinical
       

    
cancer medication or topical eye medication in the last 3 months.
Females with a history of skin or eye diseases and those with

   
       

take part in this clinical study.
         
 
        

        
laboratory rabbits from a USA FDA approved laboratory in the
United States of America (USA). The procedure was performed
         
in sterile conditions. The tissue specimen was then washed in
 
   
 
   
           
           
        
        
  
       


Microneedles are a minimally invasive but an effective skin
permeation enhancement method. It facilitates an effective
and sustained delivery of chemicals, hence better results [18].
        
       
when administered by trained personnel. The microneedle
technique is associated with a minimal risk of infection. Li et al
concluded that microneedles are a safe and effective method
    
shown that pretreatment of the skin with the microneedle
technique can enhance the delivery of topically applied solutions,

         
      
      
          
       
         
    
    
  
       

        
       
       
 


 

        

      
  

     
         


       
       
       
    
    
        

       
         
 

   


and treatment.

       

Alvin G, et al. (2020)
J Dermatolog Clin Res 8(2): 1137 (2020) 3/6
Central
were then measured and their eyelashes and eyebrows were



assessment was completed.
The 2 main parameters assessed are:
EFFICACY:    
          
          

Safety and Tolerability: Presence of pain, itchiness or
      

Statistical Analysis
         
     
on anterior and superior eyelash observations. Further analyses
        

       
           

 p-value that is less than or equal to

Methodolgy
COMPLETION OF TRIAL
(n=6)
STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS
RECRUITED SUBJECTS (n=6)
BASELINE INVESTIGATIONS & ASSESSMENT
FORTNIGHTLY FOLLOW-UP
RESULTS

            
    
         
the study population was 32 years old. The baseline eyelash

  
           

          
          
          
        


   
            
weeks (p      
        
          
Table 1:
N =6
 
 

2 (Moderate) 
3 (Marked) 
83%
17%
1-grade improvement in GEA 2-grade improvement in GEA
Figure 1    

0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
BASELINE 4 8 12
Mean Change in Eyelash Length from
Baseline (mm)
Week
Figure 2

Alvin G, et al. (2020)
J Dermatolog Clin Res 8(2): 1137 (2020) 4/6
Central
p
  

           p 

            
     

    
(p
          
    

discomfort was due to minor trauma, most probably due to the

of the eye drops at home. There was no ocular adverse reaction
suffered by any of the participant.
DISCUSSION
        
       
 







      
populations [18].
The eyebrow is simple to    

  

3. The brow tends to

     
trends of the eyebrows revolve around its thickness, hue and the
shape of its arch [24].
       



          
       

     
     
       
       
       
      
 


       
       
       
      
        
  
       
  
   

    


 
        
       
         
    p      

12. The eyebrow density and thickness showed an improvement
Table 2:
Length growth from
baseline (mm)
Treatment period (week)
4 8 12
   
Minimum 2 2
 4 4
Figure a 
            
            

Figure b          

          
study.
Figure c         


in the number of new hair follicles. There was also an increase in the
           

Alvin G, et al. (2020)
J Dermatolog Clin Res 8(2): 1137 (2020) 5/6
Central
   
evidence of an increase in the overall eyebrow follicle thickness
and the presence of new hair follicles. There were no serious

            
         





   



        
       
    
      

      


hyperaemia, ocular irritation, dry eye symptoms and erythema of
the eyelid [24].
       
          
        
     
          

        
 

          

entire duration of the 12 week study [23].
CONCLUSION
The results from this study indicate that the daily topical
 
the eyelash and increased the density of the eyebrows and
    
    
treatment to enhance the appearance of eyelash and eyebrow.

conclusions obtained from this study.
REFERENCES
1.       

2.        
        

3. 
    

4.          

           

           
        

7.        

8. 
   

 
       

         

        

11.          
        

12.          
        
  

13. 
     

14.            


         

          

17. 
   

18.         
        
        

       


    
          

21. 

22. 

23.           

24.      
Alvin G, et al. (2020)
J Dermatolog Clin Res 8(2): 1137 (2020) 6/6
Central
Alvin G, Chernykh V, Chan M (2020) Peptides: A Novel Approach to Enhance Eyelash and Eyebrow Growth. J Dermatolog Clin Res 8(2): 1137.
Cite this article
         


.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Article
Full-text available
Background: The eyebrows play an important role in emotional facial expressions, nonverbal communication, and facial esthetics. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying eyebrow aging is vital in allowing plastic surgeons to appropriately address these age-related changes and to recreate an aesthetically desirable outcome for patients seeking brow rejuvenation. The aim of this study is to summarize the current literature on eyebrow height changes with aging. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across several databases to iden-tify all published studies that reported changes of eyebrow position or height with aging, from 1946 to January 2019. Studies that reported eyebrow position at the level of medial canthus, mid-pupil, and lateral canthus were included in a meta-analysis. Results: A total of 346 articles were initially identified, of which 19 met our inclu-sion criteria. Of 3,634 patients who were identified, 2,237 (64%) were females and 1,274 (36%) were males. Eyebrow height showed significant increase with aging at the level of medial canthus (mean difference 1.4 mm; 95% CI: 0.22–2.59; P = 0.02), and the level of mid-pupil (mean difference 1.17 mm; 95% CI: 0.54–1.8; P = 0.0002). However, no significant difference was found at the level of lateral canthus (mean difference 0.19 mm; 95% CI: −0.87 to 1.25; P = 0.72). Conclusions: Based on the reviewed literature to date, the medial eyebrow height increases with age, whereas it remains stable at the level of the lateral canthus. These results should be considered when considering eyebrow rejuvenation.
Article
Full-text available
Purpose A combination of extracts, from two plant species, ie, Coffea arabica and Larrea divaricata (Jarilla) (ECOHAIR®), is being successfully used in Argentina as a cosmetic for hair recovery in androgenic and areata alopecia, and for eyelash and eyebrow growth. The objectives of this prospective study were to evaluate the capacity of Jarilla–Coffea extract gel of improving hair growth in relation to thickness, appearance of new hair, and hair length in comparison with a placebo in premenopausal and postmenopausal volunteers and to identify possible signs of ocular adverse local reactions related to the application of the gel. Volunteers and methods An open-label, placebo-controlled, prospective study was performed in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women during a daily administration period of 2 months (eyebrow growth) and 3 months (eyelash growth). The thickness of hair was determined using a video microscope MedicalScope®. The appearance of new hairs and total area with hair in eyebrow and eyelash length were quantified using a photographic record with Fotofinder® (Germany). The number of volunteers presenting variation in growth of new hair and length were also recorded. Results The product significantly increased the thickness of eyebrows (20% in 80% women) and eyelashes (19.44% in 100% of women). The gel also increased the appearance of new hairs, total area with hair, and length but there was no statistical difference between treatment and placebo. Conclusion The gel was capable of improving growth of eyelashes and eyebrows by inducing principally hair thickening without causing local adverse effects in a high percentage of volunteers.
Article
Full-text available
Background: Eyebrow loss may have substantial negative functional and social consequences. Objective: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% in subjects with eyebrow hypotrichosis. Methods: This multicenter, double-masked study randomized adult females or males with eyebrow hypotrichosis to receive bimatoprost 0.03% twice (BID) or once daily (QD) or vehicle BID for 7 months. Primary endpoint was overall eyebrow fullness at Month 7. Secondary endpoints included eyebrow fullness (mm), darkness (intensity units), and subject satisfaction with treatment. Safety was also assessed. Results: At Month 7, the proportion of subjects with improvement was significantly higher in bimatoprost groups versus vehicle (both, p < .001). Improvements occurred in both bimatoprost groups versus vehicle after Month 1 and continued through follow-up; eyebrow fullness and darkness improved as early as Months 2 and 1, respectively (both, p < .001). Greater satisfaction was reported with bimatoprost versus vehicle at Month 2 and all subsequent time points. Overall, 38.1%, 42.4%, and 35.5% of subjects in the bimatoprost BID, QD, and vehicle groups, respectively, experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). Most frequent TEAEs were similar across groups. No skin or iris hyperpigmentation or conjunctival hyperemia occurred. Conclusion: Bimatoprost 0.03% BID and QD is safe, well tolerated, and effective for eyebrow hypotrichosis.
Article
Full-text available
Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures have been used to assess treatment benefit in a variety of therapeutic areas and are now becoming increasingly important in aesthetic research. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to develop and validate a new PRO measure (Eyelash Satisfaction Questionnaire [ESQ]) to assess satisfaction with eyelash prominence. Methods: The content of the questionnaire (including conceptual framework and questionnaire items) was generated by review of literature, participant interviews, and expert opinion. Cognitive interviews were conducted to pilot test the questionnaire. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were examined in a combined sample of participants (n = 970) completing Internet- (n = 909) and paper-based (n = 61) versions. Item- and domain-level properties were examined using modern and classical psychometrics. Results: Content-based analysis of qualitative data demonstrated the presence of 3 distinct domains (Length, Fullness, Overall Satisfaction; Confidence, Attractiveness, and Professionalism; and Daily Routine). Initial confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results of 23 items revealed insufficient model-data fit (comparative fit index [CFI] of 0.86 and a non-normed fit index [NNFI] of 0.82). A revised model using 9 items (3 per domain) achieved appropriate fit (CFI of 0.99 and NNFI of 0.97). Analyses revealed measurement equivalence across the Internet- and paper-based versions. The 3 ESQ domains had strong internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α [range] = 0.919-0.976) and adequate convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: The ESQ was found to be a reliable and valid PRO measure for assessing satisfaction with eyelash prominence. Level of evidence: 3 Therapeutic.
Article
Full-text available
Eyelashes can greatly influence the overall impression of facial features. However few detailed examinations of eyelashes in Japanese individuals have been published. The aim of the present study is clarify the characteristic of eyelashes of Japanese individuals mainly in their 20s. Data were collected from 50 healthy volunteers with no eyelash abnormalities. The length, density, form, and angle of the eyelashes were examined. Mean eyelash lengths in males and females were 7.33 ± 0.83 mm and 7.47 ± 0.68 mm, respectively, for the upper eyelids, and 4.98 ± 0.75 mm and 5.56 ± 0.60 mm, respectively, for the lower eyelids. Eyelash density showed a mean of 12.12 ± 2.04 and 15.24 ± 4.18 for the upper eyelids, and 5.80 ± 1.76 and 6.24 ± 1.16 for the lower eyelids. With regard to the form of the eyelashes on the upper eyelids, 10 (40%) were curly and 15 (60%) were straight in males, whereas 19 (76%) were curly and 6 (24%) were straight in females. All lower eyelid eyelashes were curly. Mean angles of the eyelashes in males and females were 61.4° ± 13.7° and 71.8° ± 13.5° for the upper eyelids, and 90.0° ± 10.1° and 99.8° ± 10.8° for the lower eyelids. Mean values obtained from the this study could be used as baseline values for eyelash reconstruction or treatment for eyelash hypotrichosis, and pertaining to eyelash morphology represent one of a few assessments of eyelash characteristics in Japanese adults of both sexes.
Article
Objective: To formulate a green tea extract (GTE), which is often used as a hair growth product, to produce an eyelash gel with good stability, effectiveness, and safety for growing eyelashes.Methods: GTE was formulated into a gel. A stability test was performed at a high temperature (40±2°C), room temperature (25±2°C), low temperature (4±2°C), and a cycling temperature. An in vitro hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane assay was performed to evaluate potential eye irritation. An eyelash growth test was conducted by length measurement using an eyelash ruler before and after 2 mo of application in human volunteers. Results: The GTE gel was stable in storage at high, room, and low temperatures and at cycling temperatures and did not cause eye irritation. Eyelashes grew significantly more in the test group than in the placebo group after 2 mo of application (p<0.05). Conclusion: GTE gel provides a new, safe, and effective option for growing natural eyelashes.
Article
Peptides are known to have diverse biological roles, most prominently as signaling/regulatory molecules in a broad variety of physiological processes including defense, immunity, stress, growth, homeostasis and reproduction. These aspects have been used in the field of dermatology and cosmetology to produce short, stable and synthetic peptides for extracellular matrix synthesis, pigmentation, innate immunity and inflammation. The evolution of peptides over the century, which started with the discovery of penicillin, has now extended to their usage as cosmeceuticals in recent years. Cosmeceutical peptides may act as signal modulators of the extracellular matrix component, as structural peptides, carrier peptides and neurotransmitter function modulators. Transdermal delivery of peptides can be made more effective by penetration enhancers, chemical modification or encapsulation of peptides. The advantages of using peptides as cosmeceuticals include their involvement in many physiological functions of the skin, their selectivity, their lack of immunogenicity and absence of premarket regulatory requirements for their use. However, there are disadvantages: clinical evidence for efficacy is often weak, absorption may be poor due to low lipophilicity, high molecular weight and binding to other ingredients, and prices can be quite high.
Article
Long prominent eyelashes draw attention to the eyes and are considered a sign of beauty. Women strive to achieve ideal lashes through various modalities, including cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. The booming beauty industry has introduced many cosmetic and cosmeceutical products with claims of enhancing eyelash growth; however, many of these products have not been tested for efficacy or safety and are promoted solely with company- and/or consumer-based claims. The only pharmaceutical approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for eyelash growth is bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% (Latisse, Allergan, Inc). In this article, eyelash physiology, causes of genetic and acquired trichomegaly, and pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products that claim eyelash-enhancing effects are reviewed.
Article
Prominent eyelashes are generally recognized as enhancing beauty and are often desired by women. Until recently, the options available to augment the prominence of eyelashes were limited to makeup, over-the-counter products, artifi cial eyelashes, and eyelash transplantation. Originally approved for the treatment of ocular hypertension, the prostamide, bimatoprost, is now approved for the treatment of hypotrichosis of the eyelashes. Bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03%, applied once daily to the skin of the upper eyelid margin using sterile single-use-per-eye applicators, increases eyelash growth, including length, thickness, and darkness. The effectiveness of bimatoprost for eyelash growth has been demonstrated by clinician ratings, digital image analysis, and patient-reported measures of satisfaction. The effects of bimatoprost treatment on eyelash length, thickness, and darkness are believed to result from longer anagen duration, increased hair bulb thickness, and increased melanogenesis, respectively. Dermally applied bimatoprost appears to be associated with a lower incidence of adverse events than administration of the medication as an eyedrop. This more favorable safety and tolerability profi le is likely mediated by decreased exposure of ocular tissues to bimatoprost when applied dermally. Taken together, available data suggest that cutaneous application of bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% safely and effectively enhances upper eyelash growth.