FIRST RECORD OF A YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS IN THE STRAIT OF THE DARDANELLES

Abstract

On 8 June 2020, a young-of-the-year (YOY) white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758), measuring 155 cm total length, was incidentally gillnetted off the Kumkale coast, at the southern end of the Dardanelles. The captures of this and other specimens highlight the potential importance of the northeastern Aegean Sea as a nursery grounds for the species.

Full text

Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije
Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei
Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies
Series Historia Naturalis, 30, 2020, 2
UDK 5 Annales, Ser. hist. nat., 30, 2020, 2, pp. 131-290, Koper 2020 ISSN 1408-533X

KOPER 2020
Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije
Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei
Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies
Series Historia Naturalis, 30, 2020, 2
UDK 5 ISSN 1408-533X
e-ISSN 2591-1783

ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 30 · 2020 · 2
Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije - Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei - Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies
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ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 30 · 2020 · 2
Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije - Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei - Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies
UDK 5 Letnik 30, Koper 2020, številka 2 ISSN 1408-53 3X
e-ISSN 2591-1783
VSEBINA / INDICE GENERALE / CONTENTS 2020(2)
SREDOZEMSKI MORSKI PSI
SQUALI MEDITERRANEI
MEDITERRANEAN SHARKS
Paraskevi K. KARACHLE, Caterina STAMOULI &
Aikaterini DOGRAMMATZI
Review of the Sharpnose Sevengill Shark
Heptranchias perlo (Chondrichthyes:
Hexanchidae) in the Mediterranean:
Historical and Recent Data .................................
Pregled o pojavljanju morskega psa
sedmeroškrgarja Heptranchias perlo
(Chondrichthyes: Hexanchidae) v Sredozemlju:
zgodovinski in recentni podatki
Hakan KABASAKAL
A Historical Catch of White Shark,
Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes:
Lamnidae), in the Sea of Marmara (Turkey)
from the 1950s ....................................................
Zgodovinski pregled ulova belega morskega
volka, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes:
Lamnidae), v Marmarskem morju (Turčija) iz
petdesetih let
Nexhip HYSOLAKOJ, Rigers BAKIU &
Alen SOLDO
The First Record of Kitefin Shark
Dalatias licha in Albanian Waters ........................
Prvi zapis o pojavljanju klinoplavutega
morskega psa Dalatias licha v albanskih vodah
Deniz ERGÜDEN, Mahmut İĞDE, Cemal
TURAN, Deniz AYAS & Hakan KABASAKAL
Occurrence of a Large Bigeye Thresher Shark,
Alopias superciliosus (Lamniformes: Alopiidae),
in the Northeastern Levantine Sea (Iskenderun
Bay, Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey) ................
Pojavljanje velike velikooke morske lisice,
Alopias superciliosus (Lamniformes: Alopiidae),
v severovzhodnem Levantskem morju (zaliv
Iskenderun, vzhodni Mediteran, Turčija)
Lovrenc LIPEJ, Janja FRANCÉ, Domen TRKOV,
Borut MAVRIČ & Aleš BOLJE
The Occurrence and Status of Thresher Shark
(Alopias vulpinus) in Waters Off Slovenia ..............
Pojavljanje in status navadnih morskih lisic
(Alopias vulpinus) v vodah Slovenije
Hakan KABASAKAL & Erdi BAYRI
First Record of a Young-Of-The-Year
Carcharodon carcharias in the
Strait of the Dardanelles ...................................
Prvi zapis o pojavljanju prvoletnega
belega morskega volka (Carcharodon
carcharias) v dardanelski ožini
Francesco TIRALONGO, Clara MONACO
&Alessandro DE MADDALENA
Report on a Great White Shark Carcharodon
carcharias Observed Off Lampedusa, Italy .................
Zapis o pojavljanju belega morskega volka
Carcharodon carcharias pri Lampedusi, Italija
Hakan KABASAKAL
A Leucistic White Shark, Carcharodon
carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae),
from the Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey ..............
Belični primerek belega morskega volka,
Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes:
Lamnidae), iz severnega Egejskega
morja, Turčija
IHTIOLOGIJA
ITTIOLOGIA
ICHTHYOLOGY
Christian CAPAPÉ, Youssouph DIATTA, Almamy
DIABY, Sihem RAFRAFI-NOUIRA & Christian
REYNAUD
Leucistic Piebald Striped Panray,
Zanobatus schoenleinii (Chondrichthyes:
Zanobatidae), from the Coast of Senegal
(Eastern Tropical Atlantic) ....................................
Belični primerek vrste Zanobatus
schoenleinii (Chondrichthyes:
Zanobatidae) iz Senegalske obale
(vzhodni tropski Atlantik)
Fatiha DALOUCHE, Lotfi BENSAHLA-
TALET, Sidi Mohamed El Amine ABI AYAD &
Ahmed BENSAHLA-TALET
Gonadal Development of Bogues,
Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758),
from Oran Bay (Teleostei, Sparidae) .................
Razvoj gonad pri bukvi, Boops boops
(Linnaeus, 1758), iz Oranskega zaliva
(Teleostei, Sparidae)
201
131
147
157
187
175
151
193
165
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ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 30 · 2020 · 2
Francesco TIRALONGO & Roberto PILLON
New Distributional Records of Gobius
bucchichi (Pisces, Gobiidae) from the
Mediterranean Sea and In Situ
Comparisons with Gobius incognitus ................
Novi podatki o razširjenosti vrste glavača
Gobius bucchichi (Pisces, Gobiidae) iz
Sredozemskega morja in in situ primerjave
z vrsto Gobius incognitus
BIOINVAZIJA
BIOINVASIONE
BIOINVASION
İnci TÜNEY-KIZILKAYA & Okan AKYOL
Occurrence of Scarus ghobban
(Scaridae) at the Border of the Aegean
Sea (Kaş, Turkey) .................................................
Pojavljanje modroprogaste morske
papige (Scaridae) na meji Egejskega
morja (Kaş, Turkey)
Argyro ZENETOS & Anastasia MILIOU
Abudefduf cf. saxatilis in the Saronikos
Gulf, Greece: Unaided Introduction or
Human Aided Transfer? .......................................
Abudefduf cf. saxatilis v zalivu Saronikos
(Grčija): nenameren ali nameren vnos?
JADRANSKA MORSKA BIODIVERZITETA
BIODIVERSITÀ MARINA DELL'ADRIATICO
ADRIATIC MARINE BIODIVERSITY
Martina ORLANDO-BONACA &
Domen TRKOV
After More Than Forty-Five Years a
New Finding of Cystoseira foeniculacea f.
latiramosa in the Coastal Sea of Slovenia .............
Nova najdba vrste Cystoseira foeniculacea f.
latiramosa v obalnem morju Slovenije
po več kot štiridesetih letih
Valentina PITACCO
First Record of the Echiurid
Maxmuelleria gigas (M. Müller, 1852)
in Slovenian Waters (Northern Adriatic) ...............
Prvi zapis o pojavljanju zvezdaša
Maxmuelleria gigas (M. Müller, 1852)
v slovenskih vodah (severni Jadran)
FLORA
FLORA
FLORA
Amelio PEZZETTA
Le Papaveraceae Juss. della Flora Italiana:
Distribuzione Regionale e Considerazioni
Fitogeografiche ...................................................
Družina Papaveraceae Juss. v italijanski
flori: regionalna razširjenost in
fitogeografska opredelitev
Toufik CHEDADI, Omar IDRISSI,
Anas ELKHABLI, Youssef KHACHTIB,
Abdelmajid HADDIOUI &
Mohammed EL HANSALI
Morphological Characterization of
Orobanche crenata in Carrots and
Legumes (Faba Bean and Chickpea):
Indications of Potential Genetic
Differentiation Towards Host Plants .................
Morfološka opredelitev vrste Orobanche
crenata pri korenju in stročnicah (bob
in čičerika): pokazatelji možne genetske
diferenciacije proti gostiteljskim rastlinam
OCENE IN POROČILA
RECENSIONI E RELAZIONI
REVIEWS AND REPORTS
Lovrenc Lipej
Book review: ICHTHYOFAUNA OF THE
ADRIATIC SEA ....................................................
Lovrenc Lipej
Book review: KNIGHTS, BALLERINAS
AND INVISIBLES: THE DECAPOD
CRUSTACEANS OF THE BRIJUNI
MARINE PROTECTED AREA ................................
Alenka Malej
Book review: BIODIVERZITETA BIOGENIH
FORMACIJ. ZAKLADNICA NARAVE
SLOVENSKEGA MORJA .......................................
POPRAVKI IN DOPOLNILA
ERRATA CORRIGE
ERRATA & CORRIGENDA
Corrigendum to “Capture of a Large Great White
Shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamnidae) from
the Tunisian Coast (Central Mediterranean Sea):
a Historical and Ichthyological Event”, Annales,
Series Historia Naturalis, 2020, 30(1), 9-14 .........
Kazalo k slikam na ovitku ....................................
Index to images on the cover ...............................
265
245
215
223
227
239
283
233
284
289
290
290
285

ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 30 · 2020 · 2
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received: 2020-06-12 DOI 10.19233/ASHS.2020.20
FIRST RECORD OF A YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARCHARODON
CARCHARIAS IN THE STRAIT OF THE DARDANELLES
Hakan KABASAKAL & Erdi BAYRI
Ichthyological Research Society, Tantavi mahallesi, Menteşoğlu caddesi, İdil apartmanı, No: 30, D: 4, 34764 Ümraniye, İstanbul, Turkey
e-mail: kabasakal.hakan@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
On 8 June 2020, a young-of-the-year (YOY) white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758), measuring
155 cm total length, was incidentally gillnetted off the Kumkale coast, at the southern end of the Dardanelles. The
captures of this and other specimens highlight the potential importance of the northeastern Aegean Sea as a nursery
grounds for the species.
Key words: white shark, nursery ground, young-of-the-year, Aegean Sea
PRIMA SEGNALAZIONE DI UN ESEMPLARE DI ETÀ INFERIORE A UN ANNO DI
CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS NELLO STRETTO DEI DARDANELLI
SINTESI
L’8 giugno 2020, uno squalo bianco di età inferiore a un anno, Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758), che
misurava 155 cm di lunghezza totale, è stato accidentalmente catturato con reti da posta al largo della costa di
Kumkale, all’estremità meridionale dei Dardanelli. Le catture di questo e altri esemplari evidenziano l’importanza
potenziale del mar Egeo nord-orientale come area di riproduzione per la specie.
Parole chiave: squalo bianco, area di riproduzione, giovane dell’anno, mar Egeo

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Hakan KABASAKAL & Erdi BAYRI: FIRST RECORD OF A YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS IN THE STRAIT OF THE DARDANELLES, 175–180
INTRODUCTION
Limited information is available on the reproducti-
ve biology of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Lamniformes: Lamnidae), because
of its elusive character and long-distance movements
across its global distribution ranges (Huveneers et
al., 2018). Due to its large size, high media profile,
dramatic interactions with humans, and charismatic
nature, the large white shark has long attracted remar-
kable public attention; however, encounters or cap-
tures of young-of-the-year (YOY) and juvenile white
sharks also provide valuable data for researchers, as
they may inform on the locations of parturition and
nursery grounds.
Whilst C. carcharias is listed as globally vulne-
rable (Rigby et al., 2019), it is categorised as criti-
cally endangered in the Mediterranean Sea (Soldo
et al., 2016; Otero et al., 2019), highlighting that
an improved knowledge of the species is required in
this area. Due to the occurrence of YOY specimens,
De Maddalena & Heim (2012) and, more recently,
Fig. 1: Present YOY white shark, incidentally captured off Kumkale coast, in the southern Dardanelles. (A) dorsola-
teral view, (B) ventral view, (C) close-up of the mouth and dentition highlighting triangular teeth, and (D) caudal
view showing keels and anal fin. (Photo: E. Bayrı).
Sl. 1: Primerek prvoletnega mladiča, ki je bil naključno ujet ob obali Kumkale v južnem delu dardanelske ožine. (A)
dorzolateralni pogled, (B) pogled s trebušne strani, (C) bližinski posnetek ust in trikotnega zobovja in (D) pogled
na repni del z očitnimi gredlji in podrepno plavutjo. (Foto: E. Bayri = skopirati iz angleškega)

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Hakan KABASAKAL & Erdi BAYRI: FIRST RECORD OF A YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS IN THE STRAIT OF THE DARDANELLES, 175–180
Boldrocchi et al. (2017) emphasized that the Sicilian
Channel could serve as a nursery ground for white
shark in the central Mediterranean Sea. The inciden-
tal captures of two new-born white sharks between
late spring and mid-summer 2008 in the waters of
Edremit Bay (Turkey) (Kabasakal & Gedikoğlu, 2008),
and the subsequent occurrences of further YOY and
juveniles in the same area (Kabasakal et al., 2018),
suggest that the northeastern Aegean Sea could also
serve as a nursery ground for C. carcharias in the
Mediterranean.
Given that C. carcharias is considered critically
endangered in the Mediterranean (Soldo et al., 2016;
Otero et al., 2019), the examination and reporting
of any incidentally captured specimens can provide
important data, which are generally only collected on
an opportunistic basis (Jessup, 2003). In the present
article, the authors report on the first record of a
YOY white shark from the southern entrance to the
Dardanelles (the strait connecting the Aegean Sea
to the Sea of Marmara), and provide morphometric
measurements as well.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The present specimen of C. carcharias was
incidentally caught in gill net on 8 June 2020.
Morphometric measurements, following Compagno
(2001), were recorded, and photographs were taken
on site by the second author. Total length and other
measurements were performed by means of a tape
measure, with the specimen laid on the flat ground
laterally and the caudal fin placed in natural position
(Compagno, 2001). Species identification followed
Fig. 2: Map depicting the approximate capture localities of previous specimens (⁎) and of the present (PS) white
shark YOY. The numbers are the same as in the ‘No.’ column of Table 2.
Sl. 2: Zemljevid obravnavanega območja z označenimi približnimi lokacijami predhodnih primerkov (⁎) in
obravnavanega prvoletnega primerka (PS). Številke so identične tistim iz Tabele 2.

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Hakan KABASAKAL & Erdi BAYRI: FIRST RECORD OF A YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS IN THE STRAIT OF THE DARDANELLES, 175–180
Compagno (2001) and Ebert & Stehmann (2013). The
YOY and juvenile white sharks were identified using
the following length categories (Boldrocchi et al.,
2017): YOY ≤1.75 m total length (TL), and juveniles
>1.75-3.0 m TL.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The present specimen of a YOY white shark (Fig.
1) was incidentally captured in a gill net off the coast
of Kumkale, at the southern entrance to the Darda-
nelles (Fig. 2). The following descriptive characters,
which were in agreement with the descriptions by
Compagno (2001) and Ebert & Stehmann (2013),
were observed on the examined fresh specimen,
allowing the authors to identify it as C. carcharias:
stout, spindle-shaped body with conical snout (Fig.
1a, b, c); mouth broadly rounded, large triangular te-
eth with serrated edges (Fig. 1b, c); origin of the first
dorsal fin above the pectoral inner margin (Fig. 1a);
strong keels on the caudal peduncle (Fig. 1c). Unlike
in adult specimens, the apex of the first dorsal fin
in the YOY specimen was more rounded (Fig. 1a),
coinciding with the morphology of the smallest free-
-living white sharks (Santana-Morales et al., 2020).
The dorsal colouration was dark grey, the ventral
surface white, the tips of the pectoral fins with black
blotches (ventrally), and the anal fin white (Fig. 1a,
c, d). No umbilical scar was observed on the belly
of the examined specimen. The morphometric me-
asurements of the examined specimen are given in
Table 1.
The occurrence of new-born and YOY white
sharks in the coastal waters of the northeastern
Aegean Sea was documented over ten years ago
(Kabasakal & Gedikoğlu, 2008), with the account
providing detailed descriptions and morphometrics
for new-born C. carcharias from Edremit Bay. Further
new-born, YOY and juvenile white sharks have since
been incidentally captured in this area (see Table 2
for capture details and biological information).
While all of these previous YOY specimens
from the Aegean Sea were reported from outside
the Dardanelles (Fig. 2), the present specimen was
incidentally captured at the southern entrance to this
strait that leads to the Sea of Marmara. This raises
the question of whether the present YOY white shark
was born in the northeastern Aegean or whether it is
indicative of a link to the Sea of Marmara. Although
white shark historically occurred in the Sea of Mar-
mara (Kabasakal, 2003; Boldrocchi et al., 2017), C.
carcharias is thought to have disappeared from that
area following the local depletion of bluefin tuna
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), with the last con-
firmed record dating from 1985 (Kabasakal, 2016).
Interestingly, Boldrocchi et al. (2017) noted that
juvenile C. carcharias had not been recorded from
Tab. 1: Morphometric measurements of the present young-
-of-the-year white shark, C. carcharias. The abbreviations in
parentheses follow those given by Compagno (2001).
Tab. 1: Morfometrične meritve prvoletnega mladiča belega
morskega volka, C. carcharias. Okrajšave v oklepaju so
povzete po Compagno (2001).
Morphometric measurement Value
(cm)
% of
TL
Total length (TL) 155 -
Fork length (FL) 133 86
Precaudal length (PCL) 121.5 78
Presecond dorsal fin length (PCL) 101.5 65
Head length (HDL) 37 24
Prebranchial length (PG1) 28 18
Interdorsal space (IDS) 34 22
Dorsal-caudal fin space (DCS) 17 11
Prespiracular length (PSP) 14 9
Preorbital length (POB) 10 6
Prepectoral fin length (PP1) 36 23
Prepelvic fin length (PP2) 80 52
Snout-ventral length (SVL) 86 55
Preanal fin length (PAL) 105 68
Ventral-caudal fin length (VCL) 46 30
Pelvic fin-anal fin space (PAS) 17 11
Anal fin-caudal fin space (ACS) 15 10
Pelvic fin-caudal fin space (PCA) 29 19
Pectoral fin-pelvic fin space (PPS) 37 24
Prenarial length (PRN) 5.8 4
Preoral length (POR) 10 6
Eye length (EYL) 2 1
Eye height (EYH) 2 1
First gill slit height (GS1) 6 4
Intergill length (ING) 12 8
Fifth gill slit height (GS5) 12 8
Pectoral fin radial length (PIR) 19 12
Pectoral fin anterior margin (PIA) 30 19
Pectoral fin length (P1L) 7 5
Pectoral fin inner margin (P1I) 24 15
Pectoral fin posterior margin (P1P) 21 14
Pectoral fin height (P1H) 26 17

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Hakan KABASAKAL & Erdi BAYRI: FIRST RECORD OF A YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS IN THE STRAIT OF THE DARDANELLES, 175–180
the Sea of Marmara either. Consequently, whilst the
present record of a YOY white shark in the southern
Dardanelles further supports the possibility of a
nursery ground for the species in the northeastern
Mediterranean, it may also be a sign that the species
is beginning to recolonise its former habitat in the
vicinity of the Sea of Marmara.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors thank to Mr. Halil ATAÇ, local fisherman,
who informed us about the capture of the present
white shark. Very special thanks go to two anonymous
referees for their valuable comments, which signifi-
cantly improved the content of the article.
Tab. 2: Capture data and relevant references of the young-of-the-year and juvenile white sharks, C. carcharias,
caught in the previous years and of the YOY examined in the present study, in chronological order. The numbers
in the ‘No.’ column match those marked by an asterisks (⁎) in Figure 2. PS: present specimen.
Tab. 2: Datumi ulova in pomembni viri prvoletnih in juvenilnih primerkov belega morskega volka, C. carcharias,
ujetih v preteklih letih, upoštevaje tudi prvoletni primerek iz pričujoče raziskave, nanizani po kronološkem redo-
sledu. Številke v prvem stolpcu se navezujejo na primerke, označene z zvezdico (⁎) v sliki 2. PS: pričujoči primerek.
No Date Locality TL (cm) W (kg) Gear References
1 1 July 2008 Altınoluk 125,5 - Gill-net Kabasakal and Gedikoğlu (2008)
2 4 July 2008 Altınoluk 145 - Gill-net Kabasakal and Gedikoğlu (2008)
3 21 February 2009 Gökçeada 180 47.5 Bottom-trawl Kabasakal et al. (2009)
4 15 April 2009 Çanakkale 300 102 Purse-seine Kabasakal et al. (2009)
5 6 July 2011 Altınoluk 85 Trammel-net Kabasakal (2014)
6 2 January 2016 Altınoluk 175 - Trammel-net Kabasakal et al. (2018)
7 January 2017 Gökçeada 180 - Trammel-net (H. Kabasakal, pers. obs.)
8 April 2017 Altınoluk 160 - Gill-net (H. Kabasakal, pers. obs.)
PS 8 June 2020 Kumkale 155 - Gill-net Unpublished data

ANNALES · Ser. hist. nat. · 30 · 2020 · 2
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Hakan KABASAKAL & Erdi BAYRI: FIRST RECORD OF A YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS IN THE STRAIT OF THE DARDANELLES, 175–180
PRVI ZAPIS O POJAVLJANJU PRVOLETNEGA BELEGA MORSKEGA VOLKA
(CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS) V DARDANELSKI OŽINI
Hakan KABASAKAL & Erdi BAYRI
Ichthyological Research Society, Tantavi mahallesi, Menteşoğlu caddesi, İdil apartmanı, No: 30, D: 4, 34764 Ümraniye, İstanbul, Turkey
e-mail: kabasakal.hakan@gmail.com
POVZETEK
Osmega junija 2020 je bil blizu obale Kumkale na južnem koncu dardanelske ožine naključno ujet v zabodno
mrežo prvoletni mladič (YOY) belega morskega volka, Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758), ki je meril 155 cm v
dolžino. Ulov tega in drugih primerkov te vrste potrjuje, da predstavlja severovzhodno Egejsko morje jaslice za to vrsto.
Ključne besede: beli morski volk, jaslice, prvioletni mladič, Egejsko morje.
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