Effect of Plyometric and Sprint Training on VO2Max in Amateur Football Player

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Effect of Plyometric and Sprint Training on VO2Max in
Amateur Football Player
Agustiyawan*, Heri Wibisono, Purnamadiyawati
Diploma Program in Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta,
*Corresponding author. Email: agustiyawan@upnvj.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Background: Among the most important physiological performance indicators in football team are speed and
velocity at maximal oxygen uptake. Plyometric training is considered essential techniques to enhance
neuromuscular functioning in football players. Methods: The present study aims at investigating the changes in
maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max) among subjects in response to frequent training. The sample consists of 32
persons, ages 16-18. Subjects are required to perform on 45 minute training session every week for 6 weeks.
The assessed variable of Vo2max, the assessment process is done pre-and post- training. Results show that there
are significant differences in VO2Max improve after plyometric training and sprint training. The plyometric
training (PT) group VO2Max improve 7,41 ml/kg/min and sprint training (PT) improve 1,9 ml/kg/min group
with both of group significant differences (p  0.05). Conclusions: The study shows that plyometric training for
6 weeks better than sprint training for improving VO2Max.
Keywords: Football, Plyometric, Sprint, Vo2Max
1. INTRODUCTION
Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) have been
reflects of cardiorespiratory fitness for a football player.
During the football game, players perform aerobic and
anaerobic activities together [1]. However, aerobic
metabolism is mostly used in the football competition.
Anaerobic metabolism involves almost all movements that
affect the outcome of the competition [2]. Some of these
movements; such as shooting, short sprinting, jumping, or
double struggles Anaerobic metabolism is met by all
movements that determine the outcome of the competition
[3]. Physical fitness make important contributions to the
endurance capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness of football
player, each football player performs 1000 to 1400 short
sprint stunts of 2 to 4 seconds recurrent every 90 seconds
with an average regression time of 18 seconds in 90% of
cases [4]. The importance of physical fitness in a football
player so much study has focused on the development of
sprints, and agility capacity using a variety of training
methods, including speed, sprint, resistance, plyometric
training (PT) and sprint training (ST) [5]. Plyometric
training (PT) is type of exercise training that uses an
explosive strength and explosive movements to improve
muscular power. Plyometric training focuses on an
explosive eccentric muscle contraction, followed by a brief
amortization phase, which is then followed by an explosive
concentric muscle contraction, allowing the synergistic
muscles to participate in the myotatic stretch reflex during
the stretch shortening cycle (SSC). This type of training has
also been shown to improve cardiorespiratory capacity [6]
Sprint training (ST) is defined short duration sprints (≤10s)
with recovery time that are long enough for near complete
recovery (60 s-360 s) [7]. It is also an explosive type of
training because it requires stretch shortening cycle
movement. Because the mechanics of sprint training make
beneficial to cardiorespiratory performance [8]. Therefore,
this research aims to determine which training is better for
improve VO2Max.
2. METHODS
2.1.
Subject
Thirty-two amateur football players (ages: 17.31 ± 0.87
years; height: 166.62 ± 5.66 cm; body mass: 55.75 ± 7.16
kg) were recruited to subject in this study. Prior to subject,
all subjects were give information about requirements and
risks associated with this study. All subject signed written
informed consent prior in the initial testing session.
2.2
Procedure
This study used an experimental design with pre test-post
test with control group. Subjects were randomly designed in
which subjects were asked to complete pre test session in
the form of a cooper test were conducted at an outdoor 400
m running track in 12 minute. Subsequently, subjects were
randomly selected to join either the plyometric training
group or the sprint training group. Both groups completed 6
weeks of training with twice weekly interventions. At the
end of the intervention, all subjects repeated the same test
as the pre-test in the form of a cooper test. All the
implementation of the pre-test and the final test is carried
out at IRDA FC Balaraja.
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2.2.1
Cooper Test (Pre -Test)
After warm-up for 10 minutes, the cooper test was
conducted with run 12 minutes on 400 meter running track
to measure the initial VO2Max value.
2.2.2
Training
All subject is compulsive to do PT or ST twice a week, for
a total a period of 6 weeks according to their group Before
to all training sessions, subjects completed 10 minute of
warm-up, consisting of jogging, squats, lunges and plank.
The principles of progressive and overloading was
integrated into the training program for both training group.
For PT group, the subjects is instructed to vertical jump to
the maximum height they could afford for each repetition.
For ST, instructed to run as fast as possible. Training done
in 20 minutes and cold down. All subjects were instructed
to continue as usual football drill and training.
2.2.3
Cooper Test (Post-Test)
All Subject returned to complete the cooper test with 10-
minutes warm-up after 6 weeks training to measure the final
V02Max value
Table 1 VO2Max experimental results
2.3
Statistical Analysis
The variables tested are expressed as mean ± SD. To
determine whether there is a difference between groups on
the measurement of VO2Max test before and after the
training period using an independent t-test, while to
determine the difference in the paired group from before
and after the final test analysed using paired t-test.
3. RESULTS
Both of training groups showed significant improvement in
VO2Max from pre-to post-test (p  0.05), but there was a
difference in the increase in VO2Max in the PT group from
the results before and after the test for the cooper test
Occurred in the PT group VO2Max (7,41 ml/kg/min) and
(1,9 ml/kg/min) in ST group Significant differences (p 
0.05) were observed after training in the magnitude of the
increase between the PT group and ST (Table 1).
Study variable [VO2Max]
Group
VO2Max
p
Pre-test (ml/kg/min)
Post-test (ml/kg/min)
Pre
Post
PT
40.82 ± 8.06
48.23± 8.32
0.001
0.001
ST
35.79 ± 5.08
37.69 ± 5.69
0.001
0.001
4. DISCUSSIONS
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of PT
and ST to investigate the increase in VO2Max results
of this 6 week intervention. These results support our
hypothesis that both interventions will benefit
VO2Max. However, our other hypotheses are
supported as well because there is a significant change
in VO2Max at PT group than the ST group. These
results tend to support most of the previous published
studies performed examining these types of training
interventions with football players, several studies
have shown the effectiveness of PT in improving
VO2Max [9, 10, 11, 12]. Researchers have attributed
that to modifications made by plyometric training
running economy as the physiological indexes
associated with aerobic efficiency (lactate and Vo2max
response) were not modified in such studies. There are
some possible mechanisms that may be responsible for
improving running economy by plyometric training
such as the neural adaptation and increase in the ability
to use stored elastic energy [9]. The improvement in
running capability after plyometric training has been
attributed to improved musculotendinous stiffness
[12]. Improved running economy, with marked
reduced oxygen consumption at a specific running
speed due improve vertical stiffness (kvert) was
associated with lower oxygen consumption during
running. Therefore, it would be expected that PT
improved running performance by improving RE via
increase in the musculotendinous stiffness [13].
Muscle's ability is improved by plyometric training to
generate power by exaggerating the stretch-shortening
cycle. There is another additional change which is the
potential to increase stiffness of muscle- tendon parts.
The use of speed training and plyometric training to
improve running economy in trained runners has been
asserted by previous researches. The addition of lower-
limb strength and /or plyometric training into
endurance running for <10 weeks has been reflected in
improvements in running economy of 4-8% [14][15],
this may be attributed to neural adaptations that
facilitate maximum exploitation of stretch shortening
cycle and improved running mechanisms [16].
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5. CONCLUSION
The current study shows that plyometric training (PT)
and sprint training (ST) lead to increased VO2Max in
amateur soccer players but increase in VO2Max in the
plyometric training group higher than in the sprint
training group. This suggests that the increase in
running performance after the 6-week intervention is
most likely due to the increase in muscle strength.
Based on the findings in this study, practitioners and
physiotherapists can include PT or ST twice a week in
their training program.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author did not get financial support for this research
either from Irda FC Balaraja, University or others.
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