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Predicated upon a corpus of 4,200 films, this article documents, analyses, and interprets the international film industry’s rhetorical disavowal of the comic book medium as a source for adaptation within advertising and promotional rhetoric for the cinematic adaptation of comic book texts. By analysing the statistical trends and patterns for comic book adaptations between 2000 and 2020, examining the language used within promotional trailers to conceptualise or promote the feature adaptation in relation to their comic book source material, and by comparing the type and scope of this rhetoric with other adapted texts of the same period, this article evidences and interrogates the overwhelming disavowal of the comic book medium despite the persistent and widely perceived ubiquity of comic book adaptation franchises. Above all, this article utilises statistical evidence and analysis to evidence clear patterns and trends within the perceived hierarchies of cultural taste or artistic value.
Many creatures exhibit desires of various strengths competing with one another for the prize of interacting with beliefs to cause behaviour. Harry Frankfurt famously analyzes persons in terms of the ability to form second-order desires; desires that intervene in this economy of first-order desires in ways that sometimes award the prize to weaker competitors. This paper augments Frankfurt’s analysis with Kendall Walton’s understanding of pretence behaviour and then interprets the central metaphors in several films by Terrence Malick in terms of this augmented analysis. The result is an understanding of those films as investigations into personhood and factors that inhibit attempts to manifest it. Along the way, the discussion touches on the relation between linguistic and visual metaphor, the potentially ethical character of art, and the question of whether a valid interpretation must be congruent with the actual communicative intentions of the artist.
The physical, chemical and physiological changes over the development of baby pitaya (Selenicereus setaceus) native fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado and sensory acceptability in different stages of maturation were studied. Flowers were marked at anthesis and fruit were collected every 7 days, from the date of its formation until abscission. The interval between anthesis until abscission of the fruit was 70 days, with the inflorescence occurring in late August and the first ripe fruit found in October and peak of production in November. The pattern of cumulative growth of the fruit followed a double sigmoid model, characterized by 2 phases of pronounced growth, with the final size obtained at 63 days after anthesis. The baby pitaya collected 63 days after anthesis was shown with a completely red peel (L*=46.52, a*=28.32, chlorophyll=0.79 mg.100g⁻¹, betacyanin=1.28 mg.100g⁻¹). The pulp showed marked changes in some chemical constituents, resulting in reduced contents of starch and titratable acidity and high concentrations of soluble solids and total sugars. Respiration and ethylene production by baby pitaya was shown with a slight decline over the assessment period, displaying a behavior similar to non-climacteric fruits, in addition to being characterized as a product with very low respiratory activity.
The 'Granny Smith' is a commercial apple cultivar in Western Australia and popular in the apple world as well, for its unique green colour and flavour. The effects of two new ethylene antagonists namely 1H-cyclo-propabenzene (BC) and 1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene (NC), as well as 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ethylene production, rates of respiration and fruit quality were investigated in controlled atmosphere (CA) stored 'Granny Smith' apple. The apple fruit were fumigated with 1 μM BC (0.09 μL.L − 1) or 1 μM NC (0.14 μL.L − 1) or 18 μM (1 μL.L − 1) 1-MCP for 18 h at room temperature (20 ± 2 • C and 65 ± 5% RH). Following 90 d and 120 d of CA storage (2.5 ± 0.64% O 2 and 1.3 ± 0.45% CO 2 at 0 ± 1 • C), fumigation treatments with 1-MCP, NC and BC effectively suppressed and delayed climacteric peaks of ethylene and respiration as compared to the control fruit. The 1-MCP treatment was relatively more efficient in reducing the rates of ethylene and respiration climacteric peaks than BC and NC. But all the treatments reduced physiological loss of weight (PLW) (up to 1.38 times) and maintained higher fruit firmness (up to 1.16 times), total phenols (up to 1.53 times) and ascorbic acid (up to 1.15 times), compared to the control, following the CA storage period. Therefore, BC and NC possess the potential to act as ethylene antagonists in CA stored 'Granny Smith' apples to retard fruit ripening process and maintain the fruit quality. The effects of different concentrations of BC and NC in antagonising the ethylene action in different cultivars warrants further investigation in CA stored apple fruit.
The effects of two new ethylene antagonists namely 1H-cyclopropabenzene (BC) and 1H-cyclopropa[b]naphtha-lene (NC), as well as 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ethylene production and fruit quality of Cripps Pink and Granny Smith apple in ozonized cold storage, were investigated. When compared to control, Cripps Pink fruit fumigated with BC and NC exhibited significantly lowest ethylene production and respiration, whilst the Granny Smith fruit treated with 1-MCP exhibited lowest ethylene production followed by NC and BC treatments. Application of ozone in cold storage maintained higher levels of sugars but elevated ethylene production in both the apple cultivars. No significant interaction was recorded between ethylene antagonists and ozone application in cold storage on the ethylene production, respiration and other fruit quality parameters. In conclusion, results suggest that BC and NC are potential ethylene antagonists in Cripps Pink and Granny Smith apples during the cold storage.
The evolution and history of adventure therapy, as chronicled in the second chapter of this book, well demonstrates how far this field has evolved from a “divergent therapy” into an efficacious form of therapy that engages clients on cognitive, affective, and behavioral levels. Adventure Therapy is written by three professionals who have been at the forefront of the field since its infancy. The theory, techniques, research, and case studies they present are the cutting edge of this field.
The authors focus on:
• the theory substantiating adventure therapy
• illustrations that exemplify best practices
• the research validating the immediate as well as long-term effects of adventure therapy, when properly conducted.
This book is the leading academic text, professional reference, and training resource for adventure therapy practices in the field of mental health. It is appropriate for a wide range of audiences, including beginner and experienced therapists, as well as graduate students.