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Structural-Parametric Model Electromagnetoelastic Actuator Nanodisplacement for Mechatronics
... The piezoactuator uses the inverse piezoeffect and serves for the actuation of mechanisms or the management and converts the electrical signals into the displacement and the force [1,2,3,6]. The piezoactuator is applied for the drives of the scanning tunneling microscopes and the atomic force microscopes [14,15,16]. Let us consider the generalized structural-parametric model and the generalized parametric structural schematic diagram of the electroelastic actuator are constructed by solving the wave equation with the Laplace transform for the equation of the electromagnetolasticity, the boundary conditions on loaded working surfaces of the actuator, the strains along the coordinate axes. ...
... We write the resonance condition for the piezoactuator under the transverse piezoeffect with one fixed face (15) This means that the piezoactuator is the quarter-wave vibrator with the resonance frequency . ...
... For the construction the structural diagram of electroelastic actuator in nanotechnology is used the wave equation for the wave propagation in a long line with damping but without distortions. With using Laplace transform is obtained the linear ordinary second-order differential equation with the parameter p. Correspondingly the original problem for the partial differential equation of hyperbolic type using the Laplace transform is reduced to the simpler problem [8,18] for the linear ordinary differential equation ...
... The matrix transfer function of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is deduced [8,18] from its the structural-parametric model (3) in the form ...
... Piezo drives are used for atomic force microscopy, nanomanipulators, nanotechnology, biotechnology, astronomy, space research, metrology, laser resonator [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. ...
... Two matrix equations [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] for the piezo drive have the form ...
The structural model of the drive for nanobiotechnology is obtained. The structural scheme of the drive is constructed. In nanobiotechnology for the control systems with the drive its deformations are determined.
... In structural schema of electro elastic engine its energy transformation is clearly [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment for nanochemistry in adaptive optics and scanning microscopy [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. ...
... For an engine its equations in matrixes [8, For piezo engine Figure 1 its relative displacement for 3 axis [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has the form where d 33 is piezo coefficient, E 3 is strength electric field on 3 axis, s E 33 is elastic compliance, T 3 is strength mechanical field on 3 axis. The steady-state movement of the transverse piezo engine with fixed one face and at elastic-inertial load has the form For the transverse piezo engine at elastic-inertial load the expression has the form where C l , C E 11 are the stiffness of load and engine, T t , ξ t , ω t are the time constant, the attenuation coefficient and the conjugate frequency of the engine. ...
The structural model of an engine for nanochemistry is obtained. The structural scheme of an engine is constructed. For the control systems in nanochemistry with an elecro elastic engine its characteristics are determined.
... [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] A piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment, compensation the deformations of composite telescope and scanning microscope. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] For decisions the displacements and the forces of a piezo engine in the control systems for composite telescope is used the structural model of a piezo engine. The structural model clearly shows the conversion of electrical energy by a piezo engine into mechanical energy of the control element of a composite telescope with using the physical parameters of a engine and its load. ...
... The structural model clearly shows the conversion of electrical energy by a piezo engine into mechanical energy of the control element of a composite telescope with using the physical parameters of a engine and its load. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The structural model and the structural scheme of a piezo engine for composite telescope are determined in difference from Cady's and Mason's electrical equivalent circuits of a piezo transducer. 7-28 ...
The structural model of a piezo engine for composite telescope is constructed. This structural model clearly shows the conversion of electrical energy by a piezo engine into mechanical energy of the control element of a composite telescope. The structural scheme of a piezo engine is determined. For the control systems with a piezo engine its deformations are obtained in the matrix form. This structural model, structural scheme and matrix equation of a piezo engine are applied in calculation the parameters of the control systems for composite telescope.
... For a sectional electroelastic engine, the equation of the electroelasticity [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] has the form of the inverse piezoelectric effect ...
... The transfer function of an electroelastic engine is determined under elastic-inertial load. The ordinary linear differential equation second order of an electroelastic engine [8][9][10][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] has the form ...
This work determines the coded control of a sectional electroelastic engine at the elastic–inertial load for nanomechatronics systems. The expressions of the mechanical and adjustment characteristics of a sectional electroelastic engine are obtained using the equations of the electroelasticity and the mechanical load. A sectional electroelastic engine is applied for coded control of nanodisplacement as a digital-to-analog converter. The transfer function and the transient characteristics of a sectional electroelastic engine at elastic–inertial load are received for nanomechatronics systems.
... is the voltage. The decisions the characteristics for the piezo engine are obtained in the works [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Therefore, for the multilayer electroelastic engine at longitudinal piezoeffect the adjusting characteristic has the following form: ...
... where E C 33 and U b 33 are the stiffness of the multilayer electroelastic engine with a longitudinal piezoeffect and the transfer coefficient, respectively. The multilayer piezo engine with a longitudinal The decisions the characteristics for the piezo engine are obtained in the works [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Therefore, for the multilayer electroelastic engine at longitudinal piezoeffect the adjusting characteristic has the following form: ...
A electroelastic engine with a longitudinal piezoeffect is widely used in nanotechnology for nanomanipulators, laser systems, nanopumps, and scanning microscopy. For these nanomechatronics systems, the transition between individual positions of the systems in the shortest possible time is relevant. It is relevant to solve the problem of optimizing the nanopositioning control system with a minimum control time. This work determines the optimal control of a multilayer electroelastic engine with a longitudinal piezoeffect and minimal control time for an optimal nanomechatronics system. The expressions of the control function and switching line are obtained with using the Pontryagin maximum principle for the optimal control system of the multilayer electroelastic engine at a longitudinal piezoeffect with an ordinary second-order differential equation of system. In this optimal nanomechatronics system, the control function takes only two values and changes once.
... By solving the wave equation with allowance for the corresponding equation of the electromagnetoelasticity, the boundary conditions on loaded working surfaces of the electromagnetoelastic actuators, and the strains along the coordinate axes, it is possible to construct the structural parametric model of the actuator [8,9,18]. The transfer functions and the parametric block diagrams of the electromagnetoelastic actuators are obtained from the set of equations describing the corresponding structural parametric model of the actuator for the communications systems. ...
... With using Laplace transform is obtained the linear ordinary second-order differential equation with the parameter s. Correspondingly the original problem for the partial differential equation of hyperbolic type using the Laplace transform is reduced to the simpler problem [8,14,18] for the linear ordinary differential equation ...
The parametric block diagram of the electromagnetoelastic actuator nanodisplacement or the piezoactuator is determined in contrast the electrical equivalent circuit types Cady or Mason for the calculation of the piezoelectric transmitter and receiver, the vibration piezomotor with the mechanical parameters in form the velosity and the pressure. The method of mathematical physics is used. The parametric block diagram of electromagnetoelastic actuator is obtained with the mechanical parameters the displacement and the force. The transfer functions of the electroelastic actuator are determined. The the generalized parametric block diagram, the generalized matrix equation for the electromagnetoelastic actuator nanodisplacement are obtained. The deformations of the electroelastic actuator for the nanotechnology are described by the matrix equation. Block diagram and structural-parametric model of electromagnetoelastic actuator nanodisplacement for nanodisplacement of the communications systems are obtained, its transfer functions are bult. Effects of geometric and physical parameters of electromagnetoelastic actuators and external load on its dynamic characteristics are determined. For calculations the communications systems with the piezoactuator for nanodisplacement the parametric block diagram and the transfer functions of the piezoactuator are obtained.
... A piezo actuator is used in astrophysics for image stabilization and scan system. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Frequency method for determination self-oscillations in scan system is applied. for Nyquist stability criterion of selfoscillations at harmonious linearization of hysteresis characteristic of a piezo actuator. ...
For the control system with a piezo actuator in astrophysical research the condition for the existence of self-oscillations is determined. Frequency method for determination self-oscillations in control systems is applied. By using the harmonious linearization of hysteresis and Nyquist stability criterion the condition of the existence of self-oscillations is obtained.
... The structural model on Figure 1 is calculated For a nano drive the mechanical and adjustment characteristics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are evaluated ...
... Structurally the multi-layer longitudinal piezo engine, depending on the manufacturing technology, can be made in the form: the composite piezo engine made of individual elastically pressed piezo plates; packaged or block piezo engine made of piezo plates sintered using silver paste; the composite piezo engine made of the piezo packages with elastic reinforcement; the glued multi-layer piezo engine made of the piezo plates; the multi-layer piezo engine with the layers by using thick-film or thin-film. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The equation 3−6 of the inverse longitudinal piezo effect has the form C = 2⋅10 8 N/m for 1) U = 50 V; 2) U = 100 V; 3) U = 150 V the parameters of the multi-layer longitudinal piezo engine from ceramic PZT are determined on Figure 1 in the form 1) 3max l ∆ = 1000 nm, 3max ...
The multi-layer longitudinal piezo engine with parallel and coded control is used for nano biomedical research. The characteristics of the multi-layer longitudinal piezo engine with parallel and coded control are determined for nano biomedical research. The characteristics of the multi-layer longitudinal piezo engine are obtained by applied method of mathematical physics.
... The structural model on Figure 1 is calculated For a nano drive the mechanical and adjustment characteristics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are evaluated ...
... The reverse and direct coefficients are calculated For a nano drive the mechanical and adjustment characteristics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are evaluated ...
The structural model of a nano drive is determined for biomedical research. The structural scheme of the piezo drive is obtained. The matrix equation is constructed for a nano drive.
... The nano piezoactuator works on the basis of the inverse piezoeffect due to its nano deformation at the electric field strength is applied. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] On the characteristic of the nano piezoactuator deformation from the electric field strength, the initial curve is observed, on which the vertices of the main hysteresis loops lie. The main hysteresis loops have a symmetric change in the electric field strength relative to zero, and partial loops have an asymmetric change in the strength relative to zero. ...
For the nano piezoactuator with hysteresis in control system its set of equilibrium positions is the segment of line. By applying Yakubovich criterion for system with the nano piezoactuator the condition absolute stability of system is evaluated.
... [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] A piezoactuator is used for the nanodisplacement in adaptive optics and telescopes. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] ...
The structural scheme of a piezoactuator is obtained for astrophysics. The matrix equation is constructed for a piezoactuator. The characteristics of a piezoactuator are received for astrophysics.
... Piezoelectric actuator (piezoactuator) is a device that uses the ability of piezoceramics to expand under the influence of an electrostatic field to generate force and displacement in the micrometer range. The piezoactuator is designed to activate mechanisms, systems or controls based on the piezoelectric effect, converting electrical signals into mechanical motion or force [18]. They convert the electrical voltage into a small, but extremely precisely controlled linear displacement with a high developed force. ...
To improve the quality of the frozen material during cryopreservation, scientists apply various effects on cells: mechanical, chemical or physical. In this work we use acoustic-mechanical effects on cells before cryopreservation. As a result of the studies, the optimal parameters of the impact of the piezoactuator were selected to improve the quality of defrosted reproductive cells of male sturgeons. The object of research was the sperm of the Russian sturgeon. The progressive motility time of native spermatozoa posure time (0.5 min; 1 min, 1.5 min) and frequency (300 Hz, 500 Hz, 550 Hz) were used. Analysis of the motility of thawed sperm showed that the best result in terms of the percentage of sperm motility was obtained when using a frequency of 500 Hz for 1 minute (27%). At the same time, the best indicator of sperm motility time was given by using a frequency of 300 Hz for 1 minute (390 s).
... In structural schema of an engine its energy transformation is clearly [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The piezo engine is applied for precise adjustment in scanning microscopy and adaptive optics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. ...
In nanosciences research the structural model of an electro elastic engine is constructed. Its structural scheme of is received. For an engine its matrix equation of the deformations are obtained in the decisions of the precision control systems. The parameters of an engine are determined.
... Nano drives are used for atomic force microscopy, nano manipulators, nanotechnology, biotechnology, astronomy, space research, metrology, laser resonator [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. ...
Background/Aim: With the availability of biosimilars, hospital formulary drug selection among biologics extends beyond clinical and safety considerations when comes to hospital resource management, to factors like human resource allocation and financial sustainability. However, research assessing the time and cost of labor, supplies, and waste disposal of biologics from the standpoint of hospitals remains limited. This study focuses on short-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor originators (Granocyte® and Neupogen®) and biosimilar (Nivestim®), comparing them based on mean total handling times per dose and total annual expenses. Materials and Methods: Ten nurses from a Taiwanese cancer center were recruited; they each prepared three doses of each drug. Results: Findings showed that the mean total handling times per dose of Granocyte® and Neupogen® were significantly higher than that of Nivestim®. Handling Nivestim® required the lowest total annual expense. Conclusion: Nivestim® is an advantageous alternative to Granocyte® and Neupogen®, benefiting hospital resource management.
The structural schemes of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement are determined for applied bionics and biomechanics. The structural scheme of electroelastic engine is constructed by method mathematical physics. The displacement matrix of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement is determined.
In the work is calculated of the piezoactuator for astrophysics. The structural scheme of the piezoactuator is determined for astrophysics. The matrix equation is constructed for the piezoactuator. The mechanical characteristic is determined. The parameters of the piezoactuator are obtained in nano control systems for astrophysics.
For astrophysics equipment and composite telescope the parameters and the characteristics of the nanopiezoactuator are obtained. The functions of the nanopiezoactuator are determined. The mechanical characteristic of the nanopiezoactuator is received.
The structural model of the nano piezoengine is determined for applied biomechanics and biosciences. The structural scheme of the nano piezoengine is obtained. For calculation nano systems the structural model and scheme of the nano piezoengine are used, which reflect the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy of the control object. The matrix equation is constructed for the nano piezoengine in applied biomechanics and biosciences.
We obtained the deformation, the structural diagram, the transfer functions and the characteristics of the actuator nano and micro displacements for composite telescope in astronomy and physics research. The mechanical and regulation characteristics of the actuator are received.
An electroelastic actuator on the piezoelectric or electrostriction effect is applied in nanotechnology, nanobiology, biomechanics and adaptive optics for the precision matching in nanomechatronics systems. For the analysis and calculation of nanomechatronics systems is used the harmonious linearization of the hysteresis characteristic for an electroelastic actuator. The piezo actuator works on the basis of the inverse piezoelectric effect due to its deformation when the electric field strength is applied. To increase the range of movement of the piezo actuator to tens of micrometers, the multilayer piezo actuator is applied. The piezo actuator is used in nanomechatronics systems for nanodisplacement in adaptive optics, nanotechnology, scanning microscopy, nanobiomechanics, multicomponent telescopes. The coefficients of harmonious linearization for the basic loop characteristic are determined by the method of the theory of nonlinear automatic systems. On the characteristic of the piezo actuator deformation from the electric field strength, the initial curve is observed, on which the vertices of the basic hysteresis loops lie. The basic hysteresis loops have a symmetric change in the electric field strength relative to zero, and partial loops have an asymmetric change in the strength relative to zero. The expressions for the hysteresis basic and local loops of piezo actuator are received. The coefficients of harmonious linearization for the basic loop characteristic of the piezo actuator for nanomechatronics systems are obtained. The basic and local loops for hysteresis characteristics of the piezo actuator are proposed. The expression is determined for the generalized frequency transfer function of the nonlinear link with the hysteresis characteristic of the basic hysteresis loop for the piezo actuator.KeywordsHarmonious linearizationHysteresisBasic and partial loopsDeformationElectroelastic actuatorPiezo actuatorNanomechatronics system
The mathematical models of a piezoengine are determined for nanomedicine and applied bionics. The structural scheme of a piezoengine is constructed. The matrix equation is obtained for a piezoengine.
We obtained the condition absolute stability on the derivative for the control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator for communication equipment. We applied the frequency methods for Lyapunov stable control system to calculate the condition absolute stability control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator. We used Yakubovich criterion absolute stability system with the condition on the derivative. The aim of this work is to determine the condition of the absolute stability on the derivative for the control system of electromagnetoelastic actuator. We received the stationary set of the control system of the hysteresis deformation of the electromagnetoelastic actuator. The stationary set is the segment of the straight line.
Last decade has seen growing research interest in vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials. When developing piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, it is advantageous to establish certain analytical or numerical model to predict the system performance. In the last few years, researchers from mechanical engineering established distributed models for energy harvester but simplified the energy harvesting circuit in the analytical derivation. While, researchers from electrical engineering concerned the modeling of practical energy harvesting circuit but tended to simplify the structural and mechanical conditions. The challenges for accurate modeling of such electromechanical coupling systems remain when complicated mechanical conditions and practical energy harvesting circuit are considered in system design. In this article, the aforementioned problem is addressed by employing an equivalent circuit model, which bridges structural modeling and electrical simulation. First, the parameters in the equivalent circuit model are identified from theoretical analysis and finite element analysis for simple and complex structures, respectively. Subsequently, the equivalent circuit model considering multiple modes of the system is established and simulated in the SPICE software. Two validation examples are given to verify the accuracy of the proposed method, and one further example illustrates its capability of dealing with complicated structures and non-linear circuits.
The field of mechatronics using piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials is growing rapidly with applications in many areas, including MEMS, adaptive optics, and adaptive structures. Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors provides in-depth coverage of the theoretical background of piezoelectric and electrostrictive actuators, practical materials, device designs, drive/control techniques, typical applications, and future trends in the field. Industry engineers and academic researchers in this field will find Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors an invaluable source of pertinent scientific information, practical details, and references. In the classroom, this book may be used for graduate level courses on ceramic actuators.
This paper presents a novel real-time inverse hysteresis compensation method for piezoelectric actuators exhibiting asymmetric hysteresis effect. The proposed method directly utilizes a modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis model to characterize the inverse hysteresis effect of piezoelectric actuators. The hysteresis model is then cascaded in the feedforward path for hysteresis cancellation. It avoids the complex and difficult mathematical procedure for constructing an inversion of the hysteresis model. For the purpose of validation, an experimental platform is established. To identify the model parameters, an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted. Based on the identified model parameters, a real-time feedforward controller is implemented for fast hysteresis compensation. Finally, tests are conducted with various kinds of trajectories. The experimental results show that the tracking errors caused by the hysteresis effect are reduced by about 90%, which clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed inverse compensation method with the modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii model.
Design and analysis of piezoelectric actuators having over 20% effective strain using an exponential strain amplification mechanism are presented in this paper. Piezoelectric ceramic material, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), has large stress and bandwidth, but its extremely small strain, i.e., only 0.1%, has been a major bottleneck for broad applications. This paper presents a new strain amplification design, called a “nested rhombus” multilayer mechanism, that increases strain exponentially through its hierarchical cellular structure. This allows for over 20% effective strain. In order to design the whole actuator structure, not only the compliance of piezoelectric material but also the compliance of the amplification structures needs to be taken into account. This paper addresses how the output force and displacement are attenuated by the compliance involved in the strain amplification mechanism through kinematic and static analysis. An insightful lumped parameter model is proposed to quantify the performance degradation and facilitate design tradeoffs. A prototype-nested PZT cellular actuator that weighs only 15 g has produced 21% effective strain (2.5 mm displacement from 12-mm actuator length and 30 mm width) and 1.7 N blocking force. ©2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works. DOI: 10.1109/TMECH.2009.2034973
Structural-parametric models, parametric structural schematic diagrams and transfer functions of electromagnetoelastic actuators are determined. A generalized parametric structural schematic diagram of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is constructed. Effects of geometric and physical parameters of actuators and external load on its dynamic characteristics are determined. For calculations the mechatronic systems with piezoactuators for nano- and microdisplacement the parametric structural schematic diagrams and the transfer functions of piezoactuators are obtained.
The objective of this paper is to describe the mathematical modelling and numerical testing of the static
behaviour and natural frequency of a flexure hinge transducer. The actuator is constructed of two parallel
beams mounted by stiff links with an offset to a piezoceramic rod. A monolithic hinge lever mechanism is
applied by cutting constricted hinges at the links to generate and magnify the in-plane displacement created
by the application of a voltage to the piezorod. This mechanism enables the piezoelectric transducers
to amplify displacement efficiently. A non-linear analytical model of the actuator is developed on the
basis of Hamilton’s principle and solved with use of the perturbation method. During the numerical analysis,
the static deflection and internal axial force generated by the electric field application are determined
by changing actuator properties such as the distance between the beams and the rod as well as
the stiffness of the constricted hinges. It is shown that for the flextensional actuator with a very high
flexibility of constricted hinges, the generated transverse displacement is limited by the maximum
electric field as the characteristic property for each piezoceramic material. In the dynamic analysis, the
fundamental vibration frequency and the adequate modes are studied in relation to the piezoelectric
force. The natural vibration frequency, affected by the piezoelectric force, also depends on the stiffness
of the beam supports, the matched beam and rod materials, the ratio of the cross section of the rod to
the beam and the direction of the electric field.
The solution of matrix equations in electroelasticity problems permits the formulation of a generalized structural-parametric model of a multilayer electroacoustic motor and determination of the influence of the motor’s geometric and physical parameters and external load on its dynamic characteristics. Transfer functions are derived for nano- and micro-scale multilayer electroacoustic motors.
Block diagrams of a multilayer piezoelectric motor based on the longitudinal piezoelectric effect with account for the electromotive counterforce are designed. Transfer functions of the piezoelectric motor with regard to its geometric and physical parameters, electromotive counterforce, and external load are obtained.
Piezoelectric actuators have been used successfully to enable locomotion in aerial and ambulatory microrobotic platforms. However, the use of piezoelectric actuators presents two major challenges for power electronic design: generating high-voltage drive signals in systems typically powered by low-voltage energy sources, and recovering unused energy from the actuators. Due to these challenges, conventional drive circuits become too bulky or inefficient in low mass applications. This work describes electrical characteristics and drive requirements of low mass piezoelectric actuators, the design and optimization of suitable drive circuit topologies, aspects of the physical instantiation of these topologies, including the fabrication of extremely lightweight magnetic components, and a custom, ultra low power integrated circuit that implements control functionality for the drive circuits. The principles and building blocks presented here enable efficient high-voltage drive circuits that can satisfy the stringent weight and power requirements of microrobotic applications.
Based on the solution of a wave equation, a structural-parametric model of electromagnetoelastic converter for the electromechanical
drive of nano-and micrometric movements was constructed. A transformation was conducted for the structural-parametric model
and the parametric structural circuits. The influence of the geometric and physical parameters of this converter and of the
external load on the static and dynamical characteristics was estimated.
We design the static and dynamic characteristics of a piezoelectric nanomicrotransducer intended for use in nanotechnology
and microelectronic hardware, devise its parametric structural schematic diagram, and determine the influence of its physical
and geometric parameters on its static and dynamic characteristics.
We construct a generalized structural-parametric model of a multilayer electroelastic solid and determine how the geometric
and physical parameters of the transducer and the external load affect its static and dynamical characteristics. We obtain
the transfer functions of a multilayer electroelastic solid for an electromechanical actuator of nano- and microdisplacements.
The stability conditions for a system controlling the deformation of an electromagnetoelastic transducer under deterministic and random actions are discussed. Manufacturing high-precision electromechanical drives based on electromagnetoelasticity are offering challenges under the scope of nanotechnology, nanobiology, power engineering, microelectronics, and adaptive optics. High precision drives are operated within operating loads ensuring elastic strains of the executive electromagnetoelastic transducer. A system designed for the control of micro and nanoscale strains of an electromagnetoelastic transducer. The absolute stability conditions for a system with hysteresis nonlinearity are analytically described by using Yakubovic's absolute stability criterion. The absolute stability conditions obtained for a system can be used for stability estimation and the calculation of the characteristics of the control system.
The use of the solution to the wave equation to construct a generalized structural parametric model of an electromagnetoelastic transducer to determine the effect of its geometry and physical parameters is discussed. High-precision electromechanical drives are operated under working loads ensuring elastic strains of the executive device. Piezoelectric transducers are characterized by high piezoelectric moduli and they are frequently used to produce nanoscale displacements. The solution of the wave equation supplemented with the corresponding electromagnetoelasticity equation and boundary conditions on the transducer's two working surfaces allows to construct a structural parametric model of an electromagnetoelastic transducer. The transfer functions of a piezoelectric transducer are derived from its generalized structural parametric model and are obtained as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the transducer face displacement to the Laplace transform of the input electric parameter.
A study was conducted to prepare a structural parametric model of a pie piezoelectric nanodisplacement transducer. The structural parametric model was prepared to investigate the potential application of the piezoelectric transducer in the equipment of nanotechnology, microbiology, microelectronics, astronomy, for high-precision superposition, compensation, and wavefront correction. It was found that the piezoelectric transducer operates on the basis of the inverse piezoelectric effect, in which a displacement is due to the deformation of the piezoelectric element, caused by the application of an external electric voltage. The wave equations also needed to solved, to construct a structural parametric model of the voltage-controlled piezoelectric transducer.
Diagnosis of carbonation induced corrosion initiation and progressionin reinforced concrete structures using piezo-impedance transducers
- V Talakokula
- S Bhalla
- R J Ball
- C R Bowen
- G L Pesce
- R , Kurchania
- Bhattacharjee
- A Gupta
- K Paine
Talakokula V., Bhalla S., Ball R.J., Bowen C.R., Pesce G.L.,
Kurchania R.,. Bhattacharjee B, Gupta A., Paine K. "Diagnosis of
carbonation induced corrosion initiation and progressionin
reinforced concrete structures using piezo-impedance transducers,"
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2016, 242, 79-91.
Parametric structural diagram of a piezoelectric converter. Mechanics of solids
- S Afonin
Afonin, S.M. "Parametric structural diagram of a piezoelectric
converter. Mechanics of solids, 37, 6, 85-91, 2002.