Review of micro-services architectures and runtime dynamic binding

Full text

Review of micro-services architectures and
runtime dynamic binding
J. Abdul Rasheedh1, Research Scholar,
Department of Computer Science, VISTAS,
Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India,
E-mail: abdul_rasheedh@yahoo.co.in
Dr. S. Saradha2, Research Supervisor,
Department of Computer Science, VISTAS,
Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India,
E-mail:saradha.research@gmail.com
Abstract
The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is developed
as a pattern to distributed computing, enterprise
integration and process of e-business in the early decade
of 2000. The sudden increase of SOA and web services
are subjected to the hype and virtual in which each
organization has tried for adopting them with no matter
in their indeed appropriateness. There are several SOA
adopted by the user which may lead to massive fail on
various attempts that tried for modifying the issues to
solutions fit. At present, the microservices act as a recent
technique for accomplishing a similar goal established to
SOA a decade ago. However, the microservice has
described a specific design concept in software
application as an independent set, modularity, obtaining
dynamism, and heterogeneous system integration and
distribution development. Therefore, the microservices
have provided applications with agility and s calability.
This study of literature has discovered such challenges
by an evolutionary concept from the SOA early years to
microservices. Th is paper has also discussed various
models fo r a run time of dynamic official, web
association, a slight extension of association plan and AI
technique are considered as a view at issues.
Keywords: Web Serv ice, Dynamic Binding, Run-Time
Dynamic Bind ing, Micro-Service Architecture and
Machine Learning Techniques
1. Introduction
Some of the familiar techniques used from the user of
the business world are SOA, Service Oriented
Computing (SOC) and web services are shown in fig.1.
Each organization has maintained v irtually or requested
to maintain web services and SOA as the main organizer
to the success of its projects. Nevertheless, there are
poss ibilities of various SOA definition is utilized to
maintain organizations but at present similar significance
has been provided to observe microservice architectures.
Thus, the microservice has described a specific design
concept in software application as an independent set of
adaptable service. Some of the users may mention that it
is nothing but SOA which has addressed many
challenges features namely dynamis m, distributed
enhancement, modularity and heterogeneous system
integration.
Fig. 1 Web services architecture [1]
1.1 Simple Object Acces s Protocol S ervices (SOAP)
The SOA is developed as a pattern to distributed
computing, enterprises integration and process of e-
bus iness whereas the service and web service act as a
program with interact and a URI that can be located,
requested and published by default web protocols [2].
The contract of web service has disclosed public
capacities as operations without any link to the
framework of proprietary co mmunication. The services
get decoupled its interfaces that other services can able
to access its functionality in accordance with their
implementations. There are various benefits present in
SOA are dynamics, modularity etc. whereas the
dynamism has provided with a recent instance of the
similar services that can be introduced for splitting the
load applied on the s ystem [3]. Similarly, the reuse and
modularity of the co mplicated services are co mposed of
ease and similar services that can be reus ed with a
dissimilar s ystem. The specific tea m with distributed
development has been developed a familiar service with
parallel by accepting its interface. At last, the legacy
system and heterogeneous integration are provided
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simply to deploy standard protocol to communicate in
existing log ic [4]. There are two types of technologies
based on Mobile Web Services includes SOAP and
Representational State Transfer (REST) which develop
to build Web services with existing protocols. Both
approaches bring their unique characteristics, but to keep
in mind the restriction features of mobile devices, it is
considered that the better of two is the one that reduces
overhead computing and transmiss ion when offloading.
A brief description of a typical SOA (Service Oriented
Architecture) for both SOAP as well as REST is given in
Fig. 2. Web Service Description Language (WSDL) is a
language used by a service provider to create a service
description in the Service Directory. The list of resources
used by suppliers of services to publish the services they
provide. SOAP / REST is used by both Service Providers
and Users as a protocol / architectural style to then
address with the Services List. Next, an XML message
(XML, a standard language used where both applications
can interact with each other in the same language) is
created based on the definition provided in the Service
Directory, and then the Services User demands that the
Service Provider permit those specific Services. SOAP is
considered the best option for safe use of facilities, while
REST is the right choice for a scalable and lightweight
design.
Fig. 2 Architecture of SOA
1.2 Representational State Transfer ful (RES Tful)
Services
Once the SOA incursion gets identified but still,
stakeholders have disagreed their materialization and
frequently failed to deploy them [5]. Initially, the
broadly established usage of a standard with absence
may lead organization for developing and describing the
web service and its s tructure by divergent s pecification
practices and model des igns . Moreover, the service
identification based on the vast requirement like
Universal Description Discovery Integration (UDDI)
registers [6] or agreement of service contracts that
interrupt an early adoption of SOA mode ls.
Subsequently, the hype and benefit of SOA claimed are
desirous for the organization to implement it even while
their specific context is represented as dissimilar. To
ensues the flexibility so earlier before generating process
of stable and standardized business. It involves
interoperability issues and integration of process by a
better communicating mechanism like enterprise service
Bus that may lead conventional SOA to fail frequently.
Based on this context, REST is performed as an ease
light weighted and cost-efficient which act as an
alternate for the service of SOAP-based. Even though
the service of SOAP-bas ed has been generated by ROY
fielding, RESTful services are gaining adherence over a
decade after in the 2000s. The service of RESTful has
utilized the standard built-in Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) remote interaction technique and
implement its proposed semantic for accessing all kind
of URI referenceable resources . However, the HTTP
technique has become a fundamental API to services and
very simple to consume and publish. The REST and
HTTP with JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a data
exchange format have become global over an industry as
a determinant of SOAP or WSDL based solution [6].
Hence, the influence gets fit well with microservices
characteristics have created over the top of the
mechanism with lightweight communication.
1.3 Microservices
Microservices are implemented independently with
bounded scope elements which have supported
interoperability by communicating using lightweight
message. The architecture of micros ervice act as a style
to engineer by an evolving software sys tem with highly
automated is generated as capability aligned
microservices. Each service has provided a physical
module boundary that permitted to various services is
considered in various programming language and can be
maintained with diss imilar teams. Most of this
definition has been applied to conventional SOAP-based
or RESTfu l services that feed the microservices and
SOA debate. Even though the microservices may be seen
as SOA evolution, they are fundamentally distinct in
nature of sharing and reuse whereas as the aim is to
develop s tructures that while maintainable can be
replaceable.
2. State-of-the-art contributions on research work
2.1 Agile software testing methodology
Yang et al. [7] have gutted the astonishing features of
Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing (SDCT),
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drives some improved adaptable demonstrating practices
and proposes to build up a capable endeavour unit layout
rather than using a straight instructional class of
development. There are two or three iss ues that ought to
be administered in the usage of versatile indicating
structures in SDCT, especially exp loring certain
understudies ' twis ted s tatus and the check of lively
endeavour units. Grangel et al. [8] have outlined a
created model-driven strategy especially spun around
executing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Computer Systems. This Methodology is joined inside
an inflexibly noteworthy theoretical structure made to
delineate, s how up and organize CSR necessities in
attempts. Fitzgerald et al. [9] developed a free
application for plotting photometric Color Magnitude
Diagrams (CMDs) one of the most widely used
contraptions for separating and planning about
tremendous social solicitations. Carrera et al. [10] have
pleased a testing approach with apply Behaviour Driven
Develop ment (BDD) methodologies while making
Multi-Virtuoso Systems (MASs), na med Behavioural
Agent Simp le Testing (BEAST) Methodology. At this
moment accepting is proceeded by the open-source
structure which routinely makes tests skeletons from
BDD conditions closes. The made framework allows the
testing of MASs subject to JADE or JADEX stages. Pai
et al. [11] have executed the deformation data from a
huge media transmission affiliation. The thing quality is
laid out like estimations , for instance, the number of
deformit ies during the progress of programming.
Overwhelming structure approach is applied on
programming during progress to pick the perfect
parameter regards which will influence most essential
distortions to be gotten before the thing is released in the
market.
2.2 SOLID principle for s oftware developing
SOLID is one of the most popular s ets of design
principles in object-oriented software development. It’s a
mnemonic acronym for the following five design
principles:
1. Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
2. Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
3. Liskov Subs titution Principle (LSP)
4. Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
5. Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
Oktafiani et al. [12] have assessed the relationship
between the bits of knowledge of SOLID benchmarks
with class plot estimations, the estimations for every
standard and the estimation techniques for class
diagrams are passed on. The proposed estimations for
SRP, OCP, LSP, ISP, and DIP are self-governing VSRP
(Value of SRP), VOCP (Value of OCP), VLSP (Value of
LSP), VISP (Va lue of ISP) and VDIP (Value of DIP).
The estimation has been gotten a handle on utilizing 15
class graphs expelled fro m seven programming
applications. A spearman's rank affiliation has been
utilized and it has depicted the relationship between the
estimations.
Usher [13] have propos ed an instructional exercise
which bases on the utilization of thing formed approach
and programming to get-together programming
improvement. This paper starts with an examination of
article-built programming plan Object-Oriented Design
(OOD) and how it partitions and standard algorithmic
structure. The conversation audits the crucial bits of a
thing sifted through s tructure and takes a gander at how
these pieces bolster the imp rovement of co mplex
programming frameworks utilizing models from
aggregating as help. This is fo llowed by a conversation
of the most ideal approach to manage use rs as one way
to deal with oversee direct article made course out of
activity.
Mackie [14] proposed object-sifted through the system is
more reas onable than standard vernaculars for managing
the new requests that are being and will be e mbarked to
limited segment programming. This is the condition by
uprightness of the more phenomenal information
demonstrating cut-off reasons for the article filtered
through the methodology. The most central piece of the
present framework is the pass ed-on information
structure.
Yang et al. [15] have inspected the iss ues of SOLID with
bolsters Java programming close by UML outlines and
dynamic execution hints of program synchronized in an
electronic programming condition – Jaguar Code. It
means to help understudies with bettering handle the
static structure and dynamic direct of Java programs,
object-encouraged system examinations. The evaluation
potential results of Jaguar Code to look at its abundancy
and client endurance through quantitative and energetic
appraisals.
Ferreira et al. [16] have introduced potential outcomes of
an assessment on the structure of a tremendous
assortment of open-source programs made in Java, of
moving sizes and fro m various application spaces. The
significance of cutoff habitats for a lot of thing s created
programming estimations, to be exp ress: Lack of
Cohesion in Methods (LCOM), Depth in Inheritance
Tree (DIT), coupling factor, a fferent couplings, number
of open structures, and number of open fields. The
poss ible results of this evaluation show that the cutoff
habitats can support the prominent check of classes
which rashness structure models, as they’ll as the
undeniable statement of they’ll-sifted through classes.
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2.3 Microservice architecture in web services
Özgür et al. [17] isolated a bound together Adaptive
Transport Layer (AT L) s uite is presented for Next-
Generation Wireless Internet (NGWI) which joins
another Adaptive Transport Protocol (TCP-AT L) for
Reliable Data Transport and a New Adaptive Rate
Control Protocol (RCP-AT L) fo r sight and sound
improvement in the NGW I. Both TCP-ATL and RCP-
ATL, pass on another versatile p lug up control
framework that tirelessly changes the show plans as
exhibited by the present remote structure measures
depending on where the pres ervationist client beginning
at now remains. Right now, bound together versatile
ATL s how s uite accomplishes high-throughput
execution in a ll of the critical heterogeneous remote
plans, i.e., WLANs, humbler extension, full scale, or
satellite conditions. In like way, the made adaptable stop
control unequivocally contemplates reasonableness.
Execution assessment by strategies for re-enactment tests
uncovers that the ATL show suite pays s pecial mind to
the difficulties presented by the NGWI and thoroughly
improves the presentation for solid information and
mixed media transport in NGWI.
XIANGHUI et al. [18] propos ed a novel help runtime
self-change structure to diminish reaction time and raise
achievement rate. Spread Distributed dynamic
description logic (D3L) is used to dispose of semantic
clashes among affiliations and give key models to doing
orchestrating among affiliations. Cons idering
information sources, yields, preconditions, and impacts
(IOPE) properties of affiliations, neighborhood and
everything considered masterminding checks subject to
AI diagram arranging everything are arranged. They
execute a model structure by systems for work process
motor Activiti and business process language BPMN2.0.
Joe et al. [19] presented higher inaction and directing
suspensions than different updates, similar to Java RMI
and CORBA. WS examine has beginning late s ubject to
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) e xecution
update. Different methods for intuition build up the data
that SOAP message trade if all else fails sets
astoundingly in every sound sense obscure messages.
Closeness appraisal and differential encoding have right
really as SOAP execution update frameworks.
Min et al. [20] introduced a sets chronotropy as cos t cut-
off and uses most absurd chronotropy criteria to channel
the burst association necessities to improve the prec ision
of measurement and utilize stochastic tendency drop
figuring to set up the edifying get -together to imagine
the bas ic little headway connection models in at
whatever point. The presentation of the proposed
figuring is wrecked in a guaranteed assessment telecom
office with the thought around ones utilizing A /B test,
and the exploratory outcomes show that the proposed
check has 70% less time of model improvement than the
looked at ones, and the precision of the proposed
estimation is 20% more than the bound one which
utilizes least mean s quare as the cost work.
Han et al. [21] propos ed a handoff framework called
neighbour-helped head building, which mistreats the
particularly picked structure to improve handoff
execution, is proposed. Timing s ensible and
advancement results show that the proposed instrument
can give an unrivalled methodology than versatile IP for
handoff breaks during energized improve ment. A
telephone sorting everything out is depended upon to
improve the quality of the correspondence and to reduce
pottery use, both at the base and versatile stations. In a
cell s pace, handoffs happen a titanic piece of the time.
Reducing the mutilations accomplished by handoffs is
head in the versatile structure condition. This is
particularly mammoth for fast-moving contraptions.
 Micro-diminutivenes s is, starting at now,
unavoidable bearing for future versatile
structures. Consistent and exciting upgrades if
all else fails to depict cut back scale flexibility.
 A cell filtering through would by then present a
test to the dynamic handover fra meworks for
relentless ly minor cell size and if all e lse fails
begins a higher handoff emphasize.
MANEL et a l. [22] proposed the utilization of a thing
building subject to microservices and cut back scale
frontends for helping the client in satisfying, consistent
getting of geospatial information and data concerning the
Internet of Things. Our answer outlines those
microservices and a district-based Progressive Web
Application (PWA). The significant microservice
handles the procedure of part structures utilizing a
solicitation design including piece marks and other
illustrative properties, similarly sharp data about the
application client. To show how the proposed filtering
through cutoff centers, they present a condition in which
the web applicat ion is persistently developed by joining
the geospatial data, the information guaranteed about
from IoT sensors and other relating information.
2.4 Runtime dynamic binding in web services
Yesid et al. [23] proposed and admitted a Do WSS, a
doubly heightened figuring for affiliation traffic framing.
They appear by methods for p lease that Do WSS has a
couple of inclinations: It slaughters the measure issues,
hinders starvation, and contains the rapid credit us e issue
in exis ting credit-based procedures. Assistance is
commonly tended to by a client affiliation contract that
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shows up, among various necessities, the rate at which
help should be gotten, past what many would consider
poss ible it to move toward different assistance requests
during an insight period. A few procedures, using both
static and dynamic credit-bas ed frameworks, have been
made to keep up the rate picked in the Client Service
Contract (CSC).
Carving et al. [24] introduced a tes ting system that is
suitable for testing affiliation-bas ed applications. They
plot a course of act ion that responds to changes of
affiliation improvement, movement d iscussions and
affiliation association changes. Our confirmation of-
thought test structure performs runtime testing on our
model ato mic and co mposite web affiliations using a
sporadic testing framework. A story change conspicuous
insistence technique was made to get changes at the
affiliation interface. The test structure can s ee changes
that occur in affiliation tries and operational discussions
in a help portrayal of a test up -and-comer. Our sys tem
uses another methodology to perceive changes in help
stock. Robotized reconfiguration is used to help the
consistent improve ment of the testing structures during a
test up-and-comer change.
Ying et al. [25] propos ed a Dynamic QoS need for
affiliations is starting at now a hypnotizing issue and a
test for inspecting in the fields of affiliation
recommendation and creation. A two-organize approach
with one phase subject to clear time cuts and one on
right here and now cut. In the essential stage, if the
customer had gathered the relationship in a past time cut,
the QoS regard for the customer calling the relationship
on at whatever pointcut is foreseen dependent on the
genuine QoS data; if the customer had not procured the
affiliation a past time cut, by then the Covering
Algorith m is applied to predict the missing
characteristics.
Hassan et al. [26] isolated a novel philosophy for
unequivocally calling web affiliation techniques from
phones with insignificant customer intercession that just
breakers entering a strategic and properties for the
methodology parameters. The arranging vanquishes
express challenges that combine using discovered
affiliations enough by introducing a man-in-the-middle
server that gives a web affiliation whose commitment is
to discover required affiliations and creation the client-
side focus people at runtime.
Adeel et al. [27] proposed a higher stage use and
undaunted quality, s tarting late proposed coarse-grained
reconfigurable models offer incredible application
remapping. Passed on scratchpad memories offer high
data rates, consistency and low the pottery use. Thusly,
the dispersed scratchpad memories are moving as
preferred execution elective for the memory layer in late
Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs).
however, the scratchpads memories are adjusted at an
aggregate time and don't reinforce dynamic application
remapping.
Dirk et al. [28] completed ultra-goliath degree structures
are a tremendous degree of decentralized, s cattered,
autonomic , heterogeneous, routinely made and
continually pushing subsystems self-ruling parts. Parts
may join or leave these systems during the proximity
instance of these structures, even at runtime. To achieve
solid s tunning adaptable structures which support hot
fitting and legitimate of parts during runtime they
affirmation to empower unequivocal contemplations, as
runtime testing, into the piece establis hment.
Xiao et al. [29] presented dispersed condition and new
help can be gotten by making existing ones. The
practical introduction of new affiliations in like manner
recognizes horrible joint undertakings affiliations. These
conflicts are not befuddling of interfaces, at any rate, are
all around developed on the data in the executing event
and hence runtime the fundamental combination of
discussions in Web affiliations should be considered.
Sylvain et al. [30] presented an estimation for the
runtime checking of such message contracts with data
parameterization. Their properties are offered in LTL-
FO, an improve ment of Linear Temporal Logic that
licenses first-demand estimation over the data inside a
trace of XM L messages. Execution of this estimation
doubtlessly understands a Linear Temporal Logic that
allows First-Order (LTL-FO) detail us ing a little and
elusive Java applet.
2.5 Machine learning techniques for web services
The different structures using AI have been proposed by
express researchers to invigorate web affiliat ion
revelation process. In web affiliation introduction
process, three sorts of AI models ordinarily us ed to be
unequivocal, controlled, free and semi – encouraged
strategies found in a general sense [31]. Co ming about
regions give more nuances on these AI models in web
affiliation disclosure. Bennaceur et al. [32] concentrated
on how the presentation is influenced by the arrangement
of the s egment extraction area of the classifier. The
undoubtedly those standard report gathering structures
are less fitting: such a fra mework prompts surprisingly
low execution. To use a section depiction that is changed
in accordance with the endeavor of interface plot
strategy by using the specific structure of the WSDL
code, explicitly its identifiers. A classifier that predicts
certain potential alternatives achieves particularly world-
class levels. Sharma et al. [33] have proposed hiding
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away methodology enables the record to the chief and
the customers during choice and partnership
recuperation, wholeheartedly. It utilizes the s emantic in
like manner as syntactic information present inside the
collusion portrayal by consolidating the structures from
AI, data min ing, legitimate reas oning, exact systems and
degrees of semantic relatedness. This framework applies
Omiotis level of semantic relatedness to change the
association vectors into semantically improved
assistance vectors which are used by the portrayal
estimations. Ghourabi et al. [34] have proposed a
structure subject to AI strategies to withdraw data
amassed from a Web Service Honeypot. This structure is
used to help the human virtuoso with seeing data
amassed from the honeypot and see ambushes
concentrating on Web affiliations. The us ed flooding
with advancement frameworks is Support Vector
Machine, an execution SVM for Regress ion and
connection rules.
Table.1 Merit and Demerits of the Existing Model
The estimation of classifiers is to cover away assembled
data as standard or suspicious to help the administrator
with seeing and portray ambushes on the honeypot.
Table.1 summarizes the merits and demerits of the
discussed technique.
Kamath et al. [35] have proposed an assistance
resemblance examination by using morphological
appraisal and AI structures for getting the basic
semantics of veritable Web relationship for pulling in
productive referencing is presented. To get the strong
comprehensively captivating assortment of the
affiliations, changing part vector accreditation
frameworks are used to address help with vector space,
to find the perfect strategy of features. Using thes e part
vector models, affiliations are committed per their space,
using outfit AI structures.
3. Research gaps and challenges
Web affiliations are changing into the s ignificant bits
of business application, yet they are a critical piece of
the time summoned with central programming and
application bugs that can be researched by lethal
customers. From [7]-[30], the stream takes a gander at
has so far focused generally on the structure and
execution of dynamic keeping exercises and there is
little appraisal concerning a hard and fast assessment of
dynamic oblig ing sys tems , especially to the degree
structure frustration and ardent quality. The proactive
and unconstrained improvement of Web relationship
for customers advancing can influence the use of their
scholastic resources, influencing the standard systems
of their physical activities. This is an outcome of the
check for restricted mental resources between the
human-PC trades required by Web affiliations and the
customers' physical activities. In SOA, hard to logically
relationship at runtime thinking about complex
necessities and streamlining targets.
 To overcome those problems , in future,
planned to introduce an optima l micro-service
architecture for runtime dyna mic b inding in web
services using hybrid heuristic algorithms.
4. Conclusion
Various architectures for web service, dyna mic
binding, run-time dynamic binding, micro-service
architecture and machine learning techniques have
been reviewed for corresponding problems.
Nonetheless, powerful authoritative of administrations
raises a few extra d ifficulties, for example,
Architecture Tech
nique
Me rits Demerits
Microservices
architecture
[22]
Comp
onent
based
progr
essive
applic
ation
To build a
user interface
dynamically
and develop
visual
components
independently
Less user
experienc
e, more
time, less
categories
, less
componen
t and less
data.
Runtime
dynamic
binding [25]
Cover
ing
algori
thm
for
predic
tion
Dynamic
nodes of QoS
can be solved
effectively.
Less
accurate
service
recomme
ndation
Solid principle
[12]
Meas
ureme
nt
techni
ques
for
class
diagra
m
Easily
understood,
more flexible
and easier
maintain
It does
not make
it possible
to
measure
the value
of
conformit
y
Software
development Agile
softw
are
testin
g
The agile help
to keep good
design by
making use of
best
techniques
It lacks
emphasis
on the
design
and
document
of the
software
developm
ent.
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overseeing multifaceted nature in ad ministration
structures utilizing dynamic official and non -
deterministic conduct in administration choice and
absence of discernibleness of the source code, absence of
control of the administrations, the expense of testing. To
overcome these problems, optimal micro-service
architecture is s uggested for runtime dynamic binding in
web services using hybrid heuristic algorithms provided
the agility and flexib ility for derived micro-service
architecture using of agile optimization and predicted
and monitoring the average service response time and
periodically updated service selection probabilities
monitored average service response time by using
proposed queuing deep neural network. The main
objective of the proposed model is binding and
scheduling Web services based on an assessment of this
competition for users on the move. The perfect response
time achieves an unparalleled make go regard. The
standard response time is the normal time taken for each
round-trip request. It blends the stacking time of each
record, pictures etc, the common is affected when
moderate parts are open in the structure. By using a data
driven framework, the deferral and expanding the
response time can be constrained. Precisely when locale
customer needs to move the reports, the data-driven
accumulate the records from territory server and transmit
to control a region server, finally, it lands at the
customer. It is a zone of a system or model to chart the
most e xtraordinary of the structure to perform under
astonishing conditions.
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