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Desain Analisis Semantik Alquran Model Ensiklopedik: Kritik atas Model Semantik Toshihiko Izutsu
Abstract
This research attempts to build a new model of semantic analysis to the Qur’anic text, which is called encyclopedic semantics. This research contributes to the improvement of Qur’anic semantic analysis of Izutsu and as an alternative model. This article employs a qualitative method and research and development (R & D) with analytical descriptive to the data gathered. Analysis of the data consist of several steps, namely analyzing Izutsu’s model of Qur’anic semantics, identifying and verifying several limitations on Izutsu’s model, building a new design of Qur’anic semantics to perfection, and lastly, demonstrating the new model in the semantics applied to the Qur’anic text. This research shows that based on the laxity found in Izutsu’s model, this research creates a new model of semantics analysis to the Qur’an called encyclopedic semantics as an alternative model to the existing model from Izutsu. The semantics model of encyclopedic perfects the Izutsu model with significant differences. The semantics model of encyclopedic aims at rendering the meanings of the Qur’an from global to particular. In contrast, the Izutsu model is to achieve meanings from particular to global. Besides, encyclopedic model of semantics is part of mawdlu’iy (thematic) method of interpreting the Qur’an. This model gains its legitimation from Islamic tradition. The sample of this model is shown in the application of the Qur’anic word maṭar.
... Semantic analysis wants to see the Qur'an as an object of research to present the concept and weltanschauung (worldview) of the Qur'an to the concept (Izutsu, 2002: 32). The maudu'i method and Toshihiko Izutsu's semantic analysis are combined to maximize this research's reference, legitimacy, and significance (Darmawan et al., 2020). Therefore, regarding the importance of this problem, the writer intends to examine the hawa in the Qur'an with a combinatorial analysis model to obtain a network of meanings and concepts following the Qur'an world view. ...
... 5) Draw basic and relational meaning fields. 6) Write concept based on welthanschauung (Darmawan et al., 2020). ...
Research on hawa is essential to do, because in the Qur’an there is a correlation between hawa and injustice, misguidance, and other negative things related to aqidah, worship, law, and social interaction. In addition, in the Qur’an there is the meaning of hawa which has a positive connotation. It is interesting to study using Toshihiko Izutsu's semantic analysis to get the meaning network and the maudu'i to get the concept. This analytical model is called the combinatorial model. Qualitative research is the approach used. The source of the data comes from the library. The research method used is descriptive analysis research.
... The primary sources of this writing are the Al-Quran and Hadith, while the other supporting sources are taken from exegesis literatures, and related books. This study uses a semantic approach (Darmawan, Riyani, and Husaini 2020;Sandimula 2022;Rahman 2018), this approach is used to examine verses that talk about women. The main data sources in this study are verses of the Koran and several books of interpretation. ...
Women have always been an interesting topic to discuss, and the discussion of women gets a sizable portion in the Qur'an. But unfortunately, there are still some narrow views in patriarchal culture that discriminate against women. This paper aims to highlight and analyze in depth the virtues and privileges of women in the Qur'an, which so far are still considered as subordinates. The method used in this study is a library research method with a semantic approach, this approach is used to examine the verses of the Qur'an related to the privileges of women and who the women mentioned in the Qur'an are. The results showed several women mentioned in the Qur'an Maryam, Fatât Madyan, Imara'atu Fir'ûn, Malika Saba', Imra'atu Imran, Maryam bint Imran and Khaulah bint Tha'labah. Their stories in the Koran confirm that women have excelled in both spiritual and professional careers, and that their strengths aren't domination by one gender. This argument gives a different perspective that women also have equal opportunities to achieve, do good, and enter the political, leadership, social and economic spheres.
This article discusses the concept of the Quranic worldview in the view of Toshihiko Izutsu. This is important to study because the Qur'an is the holy book of Muslims that significantly influences human life. This Japanese scholar also describes how the relationship between God and man uses semantic analysis. He explained that the relationship between God and man has four parts: ontology, god and servant, ethics, and communication. Izutsu also asserts that communicating with God through the Qur'an is not only read and is a theory but also involves practice. This study uses qualitative methods with a type of literature analysis supplemented by analysis of content to analyze the izutsu concept of worldview, distinguished by systematic method, to accomplish this purpose. As a result, according to him, the Qur'anic worldview separates his beliefs into six categories: namely, the ideas of God and man, the Muslim community, the idea of the visible and invisible, the idea of the Day of Judgment, and the idea of eschatological.
The works of Toshihiko Izutsu have enjoyed academic and popular supremacy ever since their publication, especially in Turkey. Up until the 1990's, his works were not subjected to any serious criticism by Muslim scholars. Instead, there was a tendency to accept a view of Izutsu as an exceptional scholar who was extremely sympathetic to Muslim traditions and the Qur'an, which he read sensitively, and who sought to give a complete, unprejudiced picture of Islam on the basis of his semantic analysis of the Qur'anic text, which he (in contrast to many orientalists) always allowed the Qur'an to speak for itself. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, however, although many continued to admire Izutsu's achievements, criticisms began to be directed at his works, concentrating on different aspects of Izutsu's methodology and findings, and questions were raised about the authenticity and suitability of his analysis. This article explores the reactions to Izutsu's works in Turkish Qur'anic scholarship, but also questions why it is that Muslim scholars have tended to accept his works uncritically.
A treatise in English on semasiology which attempts to establish a theory and classification of sense-changes on genetic psychological grounds. "The plan has been (1) to try to ascertain, as precisely as possible, on the basis of typical and well-authenticated instances, what has really happened to the meanings investigated; (2) to explain, with the help of adequate psychological theories, the conditions, causes, and nature of these changes." Only the basic meanings of single words are studied, relational and phrase meanings being excluded. To the author "the meaning of a word—in actual speech—is identical with those elements of a user's (speaker's or hearer's) subjective apprehension of the referent denoted by the word, which he apprehends as expressed by it." Among the subjects discussed are: language and its functions, signs and meaning in general, the definition of verbal meaning, analysis of meaning, production of speech, comprehension of speech, sense-changes due to various causes. Bibliography and index. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
"As Professor Fazlur Rahman shows in the latest of a series of important contributions to Islamic intellectual history, the characteristic problems of the Muslim modernistsâthe adaptation to the needs of the contemporary situation of a holy book which draws its specific examples from the conditions of the seventh century and earlierâare by no means new. . . . In Professor Rahman's view the intellectual and therefore the social development of Islam has been impeded and distorted by two interrelated errors. The first was committed by those who, in reading the Koran, failed to recognize the differences between general principles and specific responses to 'concrete and particular historical situations.' . . . This very rigidity gave rise to the second major error, that of the secularists. By teaching and interpreting the Koran in such a way as to admit of no change or development, the dogmatists had created a situation in which Muslim societies, faced with the imperative need to educate their people for life in the modern world, were forced to make a painful and self-defeating choiceâeither to abandon Koranic Islam, or to turn their backs on the modern world."âBernard Lewis, New York Review of Books "In this work, Professor Fazlur Rahman presents a positively ambitious blueprint for the transformation of the intellectual tradition of Islam: theology, ethics, philosophy and jurisprudence. Over the voices advocating a return to Islam or the reestablishment of the Sharia, the guide for action, he astutely and soberly asks: What and which Islam? More importantly, how does one get to 'normative' Islam? The author counsels, and passionately demonstrates, that for Islam to be actually what Muslims claim it to beâcomprehensive in scope and efficacious for every age and placeâMuslim scholars and educationists must reevaluate their methodology and hermeneutics. In spelling out the necessary and sound methodology, he is at once courageous, serious and profound."âWadi Z. Haddad, American-Arab Affairs
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