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LPPM!UPN!“Veteran”!Yogyakarta!Conference!Series!
Proceeding!on!Political!and!Social!Science!Series!(PSS)!
Volume!1!Number!1!(2020):!23-31!
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DOI:!https://doi.org/10.310100/pss.v1i1.86!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!RSF!Press!
Effect of Circuit Training, Interval Training and Body Mass
Index For Increase the VO2 Max
Trisaptono, Sumintarsih
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
E-mail address trisaptono79@gmail.com; E-mail address sumintarsih@upnyk.ac.id
Abstract
This study aims to determine: 1) the difference in the increase in VO2 Max ability between
high and low body mass index. 2) differences in the effect of the circuit training method
and interval training on increasing the VO2 Max Ability of Volleyball Players. 3) the
difference in the VO2 Max ability of Volleyball Players between the circuit training
method for high body mass index and the interval training method for high body mass
index. 4) the difference in the VO2 Max Ability of Volleyball Players between the low body
mass index circuit training method and the low body mass index training interval training
method. 5) the effect of the interaction between body mass index and training methods on
increasing the VO2 Max Ability of Volleyball Players. This study used a 2x2 factorial
design experimental method. The population of Volleyball Club players Balangan Student
Association, Sleman Yogyakarta. The total sample was 24 athletes. Data analysis
techniques using ANOVA. The results: 1) There is a difference in effect between the circuit
training method with a mean of 2.716666667, interval training with a mean of
3.655833333, on the increase in the VO2 Max ability of the mean difference of
0.939166666. 2) There is a difference in the effect between low body mass index with a
mean of 3.844166667, high body mass index with a mean of 2.528333333 on the increase
in the ability of VO2 max selfish by a mean of 1.315833334. 3) There is a difference in the
effect of circuit training on average low Body Mass Index 3.001666667, interval training
for low Body Mass Index with a mean of 4.686666667 on the increase in VO2 Max ability,
a mean difference of 1.685. 4) there is a difference in the effect of circuit training on high
Body Mass Index with a mean of 2.431666667, interval training for Body Mass Index with
a mean height of 2.626 on the increase in VO2 max, a mean difference of 0.193333333 5)
Interaction between Body Mass Index and exercise methods 1.45530676.
Keywords: Circuit, Interval, BMI, VO2 Max
This is an open access article under the CC–BY-NC license.
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I. INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is a sport that is very popular with all levels of society. This sport is played by
two teams facing each other which is limited by the net, each team consists of 6 people.
Volleyball matches are played for 3 winning sets with relatively short rest periods between
sets. However, if in a match the positions win 2 sets each then the fifth set must be contested.
Seeing the length of the entire volleyball match, it takes a physical condition. The component
of the physical condition required for players to be able to compete for a very long time is
the ability to endure the heart-lung, so the VO2 Max ability must be good.
The application of physical condition training must be programmed systematically, directed,
and continuously so that the achievement of the target physical condition of the players in a
team is achieved effectively and efficiently, it is necessary to choose the right training
method.
Body Mass Index is a simple index that is useful for determining a person's weight status,
if the weight status is ≥ 23 kg / m2 then the person is overweight or obese. Body Mass Index
can be used to calculate the prevalence and risks arising from obesity (WHO et al, 2000).
Overweight and obesity are major health problems in both developed and developing
countries. One-third of the country's population is obese (Hubbard, 2000; Seidel et al, 2011).
Lifestyle changes, dietary irregularities, and physical activity contribute to the emergence of
overweight and obesity (Sallis et al, 2012).
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Calculation of the body mass index of Asian people, including Indonesia, as follows:
• Lack of weight Body Mass Index 18.5
• Normal body weight Body Mass Index 18.5 - 22.9
• Overweight Body Mass Index 23.0 - 24.9
• Experiencing Obesity Body Mass Index 25.0
Body Mass Index is calculated based on weight (kg) divided by body height (meter) squared.
The results of the Body Mass Index can be used as a benchmark for whether a person is
overweight or not. Suppose you weigh 60 kg with a height of 1.65m. How to calculate the
weight of 60 kg divided by (1.65) 2 = 22.
II.1. Exercise Method
The training method is a procedure and how to choose the type of exercise and its
arrangement according to the difficulty level of complexity and weight (Nossek, 1982: 15).
Exercise is a sports activity that is systematic for a long time, progressively and individually
which leads to the characteristics of human psychological and physiological functions to
achieve the specified goals (Bompa, 1994: 10). The training process is much better, which
must start early stages, and then be carried out continuously to compete at a higher level
(Weinberg & Gould, 2007: 490). So it can be concluded that the training method is a
systemized way of working to facilitate the provision or implementation of training to help
children achieve the specified goals
II.2. Circuit Training Method
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Circuit training is an exercise method that can simultaneously improve the fitness of the
whole body, namely the components of motor components because the form of circuit
training is a combination of all physical elements. According to Bompa (2015: 233) circuit
training exercises can be carried out as follows: 1) training frequency three times per week,
2) circuits carried out 2-3 times per post, 3) consisting of 6-15 posts, 4) training intensity
60% - 80% of the maximum repetitions, 5) the number of repetitions at each post 75% -
100% of the maximum number that can be achieved while performing, and 6) the work
period of 15-30 seconds and the rest period of 15-60 seconds.
In arranging the order of the exercise items it is best to work out the increased muscle target
alternately. This means that the muscles that are given training load should alternate in each
sequence of exercise items. In this study, the training sequence started from running in place,
fence jumping, sit-ups, push-ups, back-ups, squat thrust.
II.3. Interval Training Method
Interval training is a method of training that is punctuated by intervals, intervals that act as
breaks. Interval training is highly recommended because the results are very positive to
increase the endurance and stamina of athletes. The form of training in interval training can
be in the form of running (interval running) or swimming (interval swimming). Interval
training is a method of training that is punctuated by intervals as rest intervals. Interval
training is highly recommended because the results are very positive to increase endurance
and athlete's stamina. The form of training in interval training can be in the form of running
(interval running) or swimming (interval swimming).
Interval training is a series of strenuous exercises that are repeated punctuated by periods of
rest and interspersed with periods of light training. Interval training is an exercise program
consisting of periods of repetition of work interspersed with periods of rest (Fox, 1984: 59).
According to Rushall and Pyke (1992: 208-211) interval training is divided into three
categories:
III.3.1. Long interval training
Is a type of exercise that was originally discovered in the 1930s by German trainers, namely
Gerschler and Rendell. It is specifically for activities that use the predominant energy
system, the aerobic system. The characteristics of this long-interval training are as follows:
work duration is 2-5 minutes, intensity reaches 85-90%, rest duration is 2-8 minutes, the
ratio between work and rest is 1: 1 to 1: 2 reps 3 -12.
III.3.2. Intermediate interval training
This exercise is different from long interval training where the work period in this exercise
is shorter and the work intensity increases. This type of exercise is intended for both aerobic
and anaerobic resistance training. The characteristics of this exercise: work duration 30
seconds with intensity 90-95%, rest duration 2-6 minutes, the ratio between work and rest 1:
2 to 1: 3, reps 3-12
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II.4. Short-interval training
This exercise is specially designed to increase the ability of muscle power. This type of
exercise is mainly to increase the use of electric energy which is the use of the first energy
system in the body system, namely the ATP-PC system. The characteristics of this exercise
are 5-30 second duration, 95% work intensity, 15-150 second rest duration, 1: 3 to 1: 5 work-
to-rest ratio, 5-20 reps.
The advantages of interval training are:
1) Prompt control over stress
2) A systematic day-to-day approach that lets us know
3) Faster progression of energy potential compared to other methods of formation.
II.5.VO2 Max capability
According to Sukadiyanto (2011: 83), VO2 Max's ability is the ability of the human
respiratory organs to inhale as much oxygen as possible during exercise (physical activity).
The simplest and easiest way to calculate VO2 Max is by running a certain distance or taking
a certain time. There are three kinds of calculation methods, namely (1) by running for 15
minutes and calculating the total distance traveled, (2) by running a distance of 1600 meters
and calculating the total travel time, and (3) by using a multistage fitness test, namely
running back and forth. back for a distance of 20 meters. As in this study using the Bleep
test or multistage fitness test.
II.6. Volleyball Playing Energy System
In volleyball, when viewed from the game, it is intermittent, namely the expenditure of
energy using high-intensity power. The energy systems needed in volleyball games are: a)
ATP-PC by 85%, b) LA-O2 by 10% and, c) O2 by 5%
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The type of research in this research is experimental. The research method used in this
research is to use a 2 x 2 factorial design, namely a factorial experiment involving two
factors, each factor consisting of two levels, using the initial test (pre-test) and the final test
(post-test). Factorial experiments are experiments in which almost or all levels of a factor
are combined or crossed with all levels of every other factor in the experiment (Sudjana,
2002: 148)
This research was conducted at the BSA Volleyball Club (Balangan Student Association)
Sendangrejo Minggir Sleman Yogyakarta). This study was divided into 4 treatment groups.
The frequency of meetings three times a week, namely on Monday, Wednesday, and
Saturday was held at the BSA Volleyball Club. The duration of exercise is 120 minutes per
meeting. A number of meetings 18 times. Training starts at 15.00 to 17.00 WIB.
The technique of collecting data with pre-test and post-test. In accordance with the variables,
to retrieve research data the data collection instruments used are:
Body Mass Index data can be used to classify: a) samples that have a low Body Mass
Indexability, b) samples that have a high Body Mass Indexability. VO2 Max ability is
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measured by tests and measurements with the Multistage Fitness Test (Validation
Sukadiyanto 2011: 87).
The data analysis technique used was the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at α =
5%. If the F value obtained (Fo) is significant, the analysis is continued with the Newman-
keels range test.
IV. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
The description of the results of the data analysis of the VO2 Max ability test performed
according to the groups being compared is presented as follows:
Table 1.Volleyball Player VO2 Max Ability Test Result Data
Treatment
BMI
Statistic
Pre Test
Post Test
Value
Method
Circuit
Training
Low
Total
228,41
246,42
18,01
Mean
38,06833333
41,07
3,001666667
SD
5,379295183
4,977143759
1,493725767
High
Total
217,1
231,69
14,59
Mean
36,18333333
38,615
2,431666667
SD
6,478322828
4,805137875
1,835559709
Method
Interval
Training
Low
Total
215,68
242,8
28,12
Mean
35,94666667
40,63333333
4,686666667
SD
4,029683197
4,754146261
1,371417758
High
Total
221,15
236,9
15,75
Mean
36,85833333
39,48333333
2,625
SD
3,795004172
3,039846487
1,300842035
The results of the data from each variable are summed into one initial test data and this final
test is used to determine the increase in the results of the initial and final tests, these results
become test data for the VO2 Max ability.
The circuit training method and the interval training method have an effect on increasing the
different VO2 Max capabilities. If the group of players who received the circuit training
method and the interval training method was compared, it can be seen that the interval
training method treatment group had an increase in VO2 Max ability by 3.655833333, higher
than the circuit training method group.
If between the groups of players who have low and high Body Mass Index are compared, it
can be seen that the group of athletes who have low Body Mass Index have an increase in
VO2 Max ability by 3.844166667, higher than the group of players who have high Body
Mass Index. Each cell (treatment group) has a different increase in VO2 Max ability. The
value of the increase in the VO2 Max ability of each cell (treatment group) can be seen in
the following table.
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Table 2. Average Value of VO2 Max.
No
Treatment Group
The Value of increasing the VO2 Max
ability
1
A1B1
3,001666667
2
A1B2
2,431666667
3
A2B1
4,686666667
4
A2B2
2,625
Data analysis
Table 3. Summary of Two-Factor Variance Analysis Results
Source of variation
DK
JK
RJK
Fo
F t
Treatment average
A
B
AB
Nuclear
1
1
1
1
20
243,6525375
5,2922042
10,38850417
3,337604167
45,86805
243,6525375
5,2922042
10,38850417
3,337604167
45,86805
2,307577584
4,529734388
1,455306762
4,35 *
Total
24
308,5389
Table 4. Summary of Newman-Keuls Range Test Results.
A1B2
A2B2
A1B1
A2B1
RST
Average
2,431666667
2,625
3,001666667
4,686666667
A1B2
2,431666667
-
0,193333
0,57
2,255
1,82383918
A2B2
2,625
-
0,376666667
2,061666667
2,213337024
A1B1
3,001666667
-
1,685
2,448272239
A2B1
4,686666667
-
Note: Marked with * significance at P <0.05.
A1B1: Low Body Mass Index Circuit Training Method.
A1B2: High Body Mass Index Circuit Training Method.
A2B1: Low Body Mass Index Interval Training Method.
A2B2: Interval Training Method High Body Mass Index.
The results showed that the circuit training method had a different improvement from the
interval training method. This is evidenced by the value of F count = 2.30757758 <F table =
4.35 at the 5% significance level. Thus the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means
that the circuit training method has an increase no different from the interval training method,
it can be accepted. The average increase of each is the interval training method 3.655833333
and the circuit training method 2.716666667.
The results showed that players who had a low Body Mass Index had a different VO2 Max
increase from players who had a high Body Mass Index. This is evidenced by the value of F
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count = 4.52973439> F table = 4.35 at the 5% significance level. Thus the null hypothesis
(Ho) is rejected. This means that players who have a low Body Mass Index have a different
VO2 Max increase from players who have a high Body Mass Index can be accepted.
From the follow-up analysis, it was found that players who had a low Body Mass Index had
a better VO2 Max ability increase than players who had a high Body Mass Index, with an
average increase in each, namely players who had a low Body Mass Index 3,844166667 and
players who have
From further analysis to test two means with RST values, it was found that A1B1 (Circuit
Training method for low Body Mass Index) = 3.001666667 and A2B1 (interval training
method for low Body Mass Index) = 4.686666667 that the mean difference = 1.685 <RST =
1.823839168 at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05, which means that the circuit training method
for low Body Mass Index has an increase in VO2 Max ability which is different from the
Interval Training method for low Body Mass Index. The Interval Training method for low
Body Mass Index has a better VO2 Max ability than the low Body Mass Index circuit training
method.
From further analysis to test the two means with the RST value, it was found that A2B2
(high Body Mass Index Interval Training method) = 2.625 and A1B2 (High Body Mass
Index Circuit Training method) = 2.431666667 that the mean difference value =
0.193333333 <RST = 1,823839168 at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05, which means that the
high Body Mass Index Interval Training method has an increase in VO2 Max ability which
is different from the High Body Mass Index Circuit Training method. The high body mass
index interval training method has a better VO2 Max ability than the high body mass index
circuit training method.
The results showed that the interaction between exercise methods and Body Mass Index was
very significant because Fcount = 1.45530676 <Ftable = 4.35, at the 5% significance level.
Thus the null hypothesis is accepted, there is no significant interaction between the exercise
method and Body Mass Index.
The discussion of the results of this study provides a further interpretation of the results of
the data analysis that have been stated. Based on hypothesis testing, the results are:
1. There are differences in the influence between the main factors in the study of the
difference between the Circuit Training method and the Interval Training method on the
increase in VO2 Max ability. From the numbers generated in the data analysis, it shows that
the comparison of the average increase in VO2 Max ability generated by the Interval training
method, the average value of 0.939166666 is higher than the Circuit Training method.
2. There is a difference between low Body Mass Index and high Body Mass Index in
increasing VO2 Max ability. From the figures generated in the data analysis, it shows that
the comparison of the average increase in VO2 Max ability in the group of players who have
a low Body Mass Index is 1.315833334 higher than the group of players who have a high
Body Mass Index.
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3. There is a difference in the improvement of VO2 Max ability between the low Body Mass
Index Circuit Training method and the low Body Mass Index Interval Training method.
From the numbers generated in the data analysis, it shows that the comparison of the average
increase in VO2 Max ability in the group of athletes using the interval training method I low
body mass index is 1.685 higher than the group of players in the circuit training method, low
body mass index.
4. There is a difference in the increase in VO2 Max ability between the Circuit Training
High Body Mass Index method and the High Body Mass Index Interval Training method.
From the numbers generated in the data analysis, it shows that the comparison of the average
increase in VO2 Max ability in the group of players with the Interval Training method of
high Body Mass Index is 0.193333333 higher than the group of players in the Circuit
Training method of high Body Mass Index.
5. There is an interaction between the main factors in the form of a two-factor interaction,
between the training method and the Body Mass Index to increase the VO2 Max ability.
Table 5. The Effect of Interaction of Factors, A, and B on VO2 Max Ability.
Factor
A= Training Method
B = IMT
Level
A1
A2
Average
A1-A2
B1
3,001666667
4,686666667
3,844166667
1,685
B2
2,431666667
2,625
2,528333333
0,193333333
Average
2,716666667
3,655833333
3,18625
0,939166666
B1 –B2
0,57
2,061666667
1,315833334
V. CONCLUSION AND FURTHER RESEARCH
Based on the results of the research and the results of the data analysis that has been carried
out, the following conclusions can be obtained:
1. There are differences in the effect of the Circuit Training method and the Interval Training
method on the VO2 Max ability. The effect of the Interval Training method is better than the
Circuit Training method.
2. There is a difference in influence between players who have a low and high Body Mass
Index. The increase in VO2 Max ability in players who have a low Body Mass Index is better
than players who have a high Body Mass Index.
3. There is a difference in the effect between the low Body Mass Index Circuit Training
method and the low Body Mass Index Interval Training method. Increasing the ability of
VO2 Max using the Interval Training method with low Body Mass Index is better than the
Circuit Training method for low Body Mass Index.
4. There is a difference in effect between the circuit training method for high Body Mass
Index and the interval training method for high Body Mass Index. Increasing the VO2 Max
ability of the high Body Mass Index interval method is better than the high Body Mass Index
circuit training method.
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5. There is an interaction effect between exercise methods and Body Mass Index on
increasing VO2 Max ability. If a player has a low Body Mass Index, the Interval Training
and Circuit Training methods can increase their VO2 Max ability.
Based on this conclusion, if male volleyball players have a low Body Mass Index using the
Interval Training and Circuit Training methods, they can improve their VO2 Max ability.
What if the sample is a girl? it is necessary to have further research using a sample of female
volleyball players
VI. REFERENCES
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Fox, E.L. (1988). The physiological basis of physical education and athletics. United States
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Fox, E.L, 1984, Sport Physiology, 2 Edition, Tokyo: Holt Sanders
Hubbard, V.S. 2000. Defining Overweight and Obesity: What is The Issue?. Am J Clin Nutr,
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Nossek, J. (1982). The general theory of training. Logos: Pan African Press
Rushall, B.S. & Pyke F.S 1992, Training For Sport And Fitness, Canberra: The Macmillan
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Sallis, J.F., Floyd, M.F., Rodriguez, D.A., Saelens, B.E. 2012. Role of Built Environment in
Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease, Circulation, 125; 729-737.
Sudjana. (2002). Desain dan analisis eksperimen. Bandung: Tarsito.
Sudjana. (2002). Metoda Statistika. Bandung: Tarsito.
Sukadiyanto., & Dangsina Muluk. (2011). Pengantar teori dan metodologi melatih fisik.
Bandung: CV Lubuk Agung.
Weinberg, R.S & Gould, D. (2007). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. United
States: Human
WHO, IASO, IOTF. 2000. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its
treatment. Health Communications. Australia: Melbourne. ISBN 0-9577082-1-1.
