The Sustainable Development Goals Reality & Prospects

Full text

The Sustainable
Development
Goals
Reality & Prospects
Mahmoud Mohieldin, Senior Vice President
World Bank Group
March 29th, 2017

Global
Context

2
Looking Back: The MDGs Era
71
35
40
67
38
34
15
67
36
11
8
12
10
18
4
3
5
7
7
4
11
7
16
18
11
2
7
2
13
17
11
37
33
20
12
14
27
52
40
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34
54
88
40
58
27
33
25
22
2
2
8
19
23
MDG Progress, by number of countries
Target Met Sufficient Progress (by 2015) Insufficient Progress (2015-2020)
Moderately off target (2020-2030) Seriously Off Target (after 2030) Insufficient Data
MDG 1.1: Poverty
MDG 1.9: Malnourishment
MDG 2.2: Primary Completion
MDG 3.1: Gender Parity
MDG 4.1: Under-5 Mortality
MDG 4.2: Infant Mortality
MDG 5.1: Maternal Mortality
MDG 7.8: Water
MDG 7.9: Sanitation

3
Global Frameworks for Development:
From MDGs to SDGs
The global development agendas serve as a compass and guide for
countries to determine their national development path
MDGs (2000
-
2015)
SDGs (2016-2030)
Goals 8 17
Targets 21 169
Indicators 60 ~231
Priority Areas Human Development Holistic:
Economic, Social,
Environmental
Scope Developing Countries Universal

4
Transitioning from the MDGs to the
SDGs: Lessons Learned
Based on a report co-authored by the World Bank Group and the UN Development Programme on
experience with MDG Acceleration exercise
Main lessons:
•Ensure the timeliness and effectiveness of policy instruments
•Increase efficient allocation of resources
•Recognize and identify interrelatedness of
development goals at the onset
•Ensure strong government involvement
•Promote quality data
•Increase cross-institutional collaboration
•Prioritize engagement of communities and community mobilization
•Bridge the humanitarian and development agendas

5
The Sustainable Development
Goals
The 2030 Agenda of Ending Poverty, Preserving the Planet,
While Leaving No One Behind

6
Conflicts
Lack of
financing
Lack of
capacity
Clim.
change Lack
data
Enviro
nment
Viol-
ence
Climate
change
Lack
of fin
Lack
data
Lack
capa
-city
Lack of
capacity
Climate
change
Lack of
financing
Conflicts
Violence/
extremism
Environ-
ment Lack of
capacity
Climate
change
Lack
of
data
Conf-
licts
CC
Lack
capa
-city
Climate
change
Trade
restric-
tions
Pop.
displa-
cement
Conflicts
violence
Lack
data Lack
fin.
Conflicts, Climate Change, Financing, Data
Most Frequently Identified Challenges
* Based on analysis of statements made on April 21, 2016 during the High-Level Thematic Debate (HLTD) event held at United Nations. Statements
available online: https://papersmart.unmeetings.org/ga/70th-session/high-level-thematic-debate-on-achieving-the-sustainable-development-
goals/statements/

7
WBG Areas For Action To Support The 2030 Agenda
IMPLEMENTATION
DATA
Country engagement
model; Draw on strength
of entire WBG to provide
integrated solutions
Ensure availability of
household budget surveys in
78 poorest countries every
three years; data revolution;
statistical capacity building
WBG action on the SDGs has been articulated along these three focus areas
FINANCING
Domestic resource
mobilization; leveraging
private sector; addressing
needs of regional and global
public goods

Financing

Critical Components Of
Financing For Development
1. National public resources:
Improving domestic resource
mobilization (DRM)
2. Global public resources: Better and smarter aid
3. National and global
private resources:
Unlocking private investment for
development, Attracting FDI,
Remittances, Philanthropic finance
•The World Economic Forum estimated that annual demand for infrastructure finance
alone is $3.7 trillion. With annual investment currently around $2.7 trillion, this leaves a
gap of $1 trillion per year.
•According to the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, incorporating climate
considerations raises the financing gap even further, to $2-3 trillion per year.

10
1. Domestic Resources
•A country’s ability to mobilize domestic
resources (DRM) and spend them
effectively –at the national, sub-national
and municipal levels –lies at the crux of
financing for development.
•Strengthening the capacity of local
governments, including to raise their
own revenues, to manage expenditures
and service delivery, and to borrow and
manage debt prudently is critical;
•Developing inter-government fiscal
transfer arrangements that consider the
needs of sub-national governments and
equalize fiscal capacity and expenditure
is also critical
Source: IMF data
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Median tax revenue as a percent of GDP by
Income grouping, 1990-2014 (Tax/ GDP Ratio)
High income Upper middle income
Lower middle income Low income

11
2. Official Development Assistance
As development challenges at the global and national levels increase, so too should the resource
envelope available to meet these needs….ODA flows are simply not enough.
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Developing countries' total resource receipts
ODA Non-ODA Personal remittances
ODA: Official Development Assistance. ODA in the chart includes bilateral ODA and multilateral concessional flows.
Non-ODA flows include: other official developmental flows, officially-supported export credits, FDI, other private flows at market terms and private grants.
Adjusted gross disbursements, three-year moving average, USD million, 2012 constant prices.
Sources. Remittances, World Bank. Other resource flows, DAC statistics. NB: Data on flows to MADCTs are only available up to 2010.

12
3. Mobilizing Private Resources
As development challenges at the global and national levels increase, so too
should the resource envelope available to meet these needs….
•Aggregate assets held by ten largest MDBs: $1.3 trillion
•Making the “Billions to Trillions” pledge a reality requires expanding the pool of
development capital beyond the multilateral development banks (MDBs) and official
agencies.
•Private funds:
o$2 trillion of assets held by the world’s ten largest pension funds
o$4.5 trillion of assets held by the world’s ten largest insurance companies
o$5 trillion in assets held by the world’s ten largest sovereign wealth funds
o$100 trillion global bond market
•The global community looks to the World Bank Group to lead on the “Billions to
Trillions” initiative - a call to greatly increase the financial capacity that can be
deployed to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.

13

Data

15
Improving data availability
Good Data Informs Implementation
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
South Asia East Asia & Pacific Latin America & Caribbean Europe & Central Asia Middle East & North Africa
Statistical Capacity Score (scale: 0-100)

16
Improving data availability
Good Data Informs Implementation
Number of Poverty Data since 1976

Implementation

18
GDP Growth (Percent)
Source: World Bank.
Global Economy
0
1
2
3
4
5
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
World Advanced economies EMDEs

19
GDP Growth (Percent)
Source: World Bank.
Contributions to Growth
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
EMDEs Advanced economies
Percentage points

Growth for poverty reduction –five common characteristics
20
Innovation
•Openness
•Import knowledge
•Exploit global demand
Inclusion
•Leadership and governance
•Credible commitment to growth
•Credible commitment to inclusion
•Capable administration
Stabilization
•Macroeconomic stability
•Modest inflation
•Sustainable public finances
Accumulation
•Future orientation
•High investment
•High saving
Allocation
•Market Allocation
•Prices guide resources
•Resources follow prices
Key Areas for Countries to Unlock
their Implementation Potential
Source: World Bank Global Monitoring Report, 2015

21
Managing Urbanization: 96% of increase in developing country
population between now and 2030 will be in urban areas
Key Areas for Countries to Unlock
their Implementation Potential
Share of Urban Population (% of total)

22
Proportion of urban population living in slums, 1990–2010
Key Areas for Countries to Unlock
their Implementation Potential
Managing urbanization

23
Key Areas for Countries to Unlock
their Implementation Potential
Managing urbanization

24
Managing urbanization
Better SDG
outcomes
Slums emerge;
0.8 billion people
live in slums
Plan:
•Value land use through
transparent assessment
•Coordinate land use with
infrastructure, natural
resources, and hazard risk
•Leverage competitive
markets alongside regulation
to expand basic services
Connect:
•Value the city’s external and
internal connections
•Coordinate among transport
options and with land use
•Leverage investments that will
generate the largest returns—
individually and collectively
Finance:
•Value and develop the
city’s creditworthiness
•Coordinate public-private
finance using clear,
consistent rules
•Leverage existing assets
to develop new ones, and
link both to land use
planning
Key Areas for Countries to Unlock
their Implementation Potential

25
Addressing the impact of climate change
•Strengthening resilience: boosting natural capital, physical
capital, and human and social capital, including social protection
for the more vulnerable
•Examples: climate-smart agriculture, integrated watershed
management
•Powering resilience: increasing low-carbon energy sources
•Examples: Leveraging potential of solar and hydro power
•Enabling resilience: providing essential data, information, and
decision-making tools for promoting climate resilient-development
across sectors at the regional and country level
•Examples: early warning systems, hydro-met program, climate
resilient investment facility
Key Areas for Countries to Unlock
their Implementation Potential

World Bank Group

27
IDA: WBG Fund for the Poorest
•IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for
77 countries, 39 of which are in Africa.
•IDA lends money on concessional terms.
•This means that IDA credits have a zero or very low
interest charge and repayments are stretched over 25
to 40 years, including a 5- to 10-year grace period.
•IDA also provides grants to countries at risk of debt
distress.
•The 18th replenishment, just concluded this year,
mobilized a record $ 75B Commitment.

28
IDA’s New Private Sector Window
Objective: Unlock significant opportunities
to mobilize private capital, and help scale
up the growth of a sustainable and
responsible private sector in IDA countries.
•Set aside US$2.5 billion ($2bn for IFC and
$500mn for MIGA)
•Designed to target significant barriers to private
sector development.

29
World Bank/IBRD Treasury Issues
Equity-index Linked Bonds
•Bonds that for the first time directly link
returns to the performance of
companies advancing global
development priorities set out in the
2030 Agenda
•The equity-index linked bonds raised a
total of EUR163 million from
institutional investors in France and Italy
•World Bank Group Treasury anticipates
coming to market with similar issuances
that would attract a range of investors
across the world
Sources: World Bank Group Treasury, Press Release from 03/09/2017

30
Index Methodology
Sources: World Bank Group Treasury
The index composition follows a 3-step methodology to select companies from
the overall investment universe (developed country companies assessed by
VigeoEiris):
Step 2 - SDGs Methodology
Selection of companies contributing to the SDGs
a significant part of their activity dedicated to sustainable products
or a leading sustainable behaviour in their sector
Step 1 –ESG Control
Exclusion of companies
with a VigeoEiris ESG score below the regional average
involved in alcohol, armament, gambling, nuclear, pornography or tobacco, or in critical
controversies about the environment, human and labour rights
that are part of the most intensive carbon emitters unless they have a robust energy
transition strategy
Step 3 –Financial Filters
Final selection based on suitability for equity index
investing
liquidity filter (Average Daily Volume for1 and 6 months above 10 million USD or EUR)
low volatility filter (The 50 stocks with lowest volatility meeting diversification constraints)
geographical and sectorial diversification (max. 25% stocks from the same sector; min.
10% and max. 50% stocks from the same region - Europe, America, Asia)
equally-weighted
volatility control (10% volatility cap for USD; 8% for EUR)
adjustment factor (3% p.a.)

31
IFC: Private Sector Arm Of The WBG
•IFC was founded on the idea that the
private sector is essential to development.
•IFC can help address critical constraints in
areas such as finance, infrastructure,
employee skills, and the regulatory
environment.

32
Creating Markets is a WBG Agenda:
EACH STEPPING UP, ALL CREATING IMPACT TOGETHER
•“IFC 3.0”: A change in business model: from
leveraging markets to creating markets
•Going upstream and working to create bankable projects
•Clear asks of Bank: specific areas where de-risking needed
•New mobilization mechanisms, broader institutional and
other investor networks
•Institutional enablers
•Aligned incentives: To focus on enabling private solutions
to public issues
•Budget allocation: To support Bank de-risking activities
•Engagement mechanisms: To process sourcing, analytics,
ex ante development impact assessment, implementation
•New capabilities: Financial and technical

PUBLIC & CONCESSIONAL FINANCING,
INCLUDING SUB-SOVEREIGN
•Public finance (incl. national development banks and
domestic SWF)
•MDBs and DFIs
COMMERCIAL
FINANCING
PUBLIC AND CONCESSIONAL
RESOURCES FOR RISK
INSTRUMENTS
& CREDIT ENHANCEMENTS
•Guarantees
•First Loss
UPSTREAM REFORMS
& MARKET FAILURES
•Country and Sector Policies
•Regulations and Pricing
•Institutions and Capacity
3
4
2
Sustainable Finance
The Cascade
Can commercial financing be cost-
effectively mobilized for sustainable
investment? If not…
Can upstream reforms be
put in place to address
market failures? If not…
Can risk instruments & credit
enhancements cost-effectively
cover remaining risks? If not…
Can development
objectives be resolved with
scarce public financing?
1

34
•Launched in 2015
•Seeks innovative ideas from youth on how to finance the
Sustainable Development Goals
•Partnership between the World Bank Group and the Wharton
School, amongst others, which provides participants with access
to invaluable resources.
•Winners present their ideas at the World Bank Group-IMF
Annual Meetings to a high-level audience.

Thank You
@WBG2030
Mahmoud Mohieldin,
SVP