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Manual para la gestión del hábitat del mochuelo boreal. Interreg POCTEFA Habios. Edita Gobierno de Aragón y Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya.

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... • En parches con escasez de madera muerta en pie y de árboles potenciales de nidificación, en ocasiones se ha propuesto el anillado de árboles para generar pies decadentes que puedan ser usados por pájaros carpinteros para excavar el nido (ej. Jato et al., 2020). Sin embargo, esta medida puede ser superflua en los bosques ocupados por el pico mediano, ya que estos se caracterizan por tener altas densidades de este tipo de árboles (Ciudad & Robles, 2013), y podría llegar a ser contraproducente en bosques subóptimos si se llega a comprometer el crecimiento y la densidad de árboles vivos, vitales para la alimentación de esta especie. ...
... • En términos generales, las estructuras de cubierta continua y media, con diferentes grados de densidad y fracción de cabida cubierta del arbolado, son favorables para las aves especialistas forestales (Jato et al., 2020), como el pico mediano. Si se planifican cortas de regeneración, son preferibles métodos pie a pie, por grupos o por pequeñas parcelas, que imiten los procesos naturales de formación de claros. ...
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Restrictions and active measures to enhance Middle-spotted Woodpecker conservation and minimise impact from forestry activities.
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El mochuelo boreal Aegolius funereus, L., 1758 es una especie poco conocida y estudiada en el ámbito de la Comunidad Foral Navarra. Únicamente se conocen escasos registros auditivos (sonoros) de su presencia en el Pirineo navarro. Su hábitat de alta montaña y biología reproductora invernal no favorecen su localización y estudio. En el año 2017, coincidiendo con una gran fructificación de haya, que probablemente provocó una explosión poblacional de micromamíferos, y dentro de un seguimiento que desde el año 2011 hemos hecho de la especie, localizamos nueve machos activos y la primera nidificación segura de mochuelo boreal en el Pirineo navarro. También hemos observado comportamientos poco conocidos como cantos diurnos o relaciones interespecíficas con otras aves estrigiformes. _________________________ The boreal owl Aegolius funereus, L.1758 is a rare and poorly studied species in Navarre, where its presence in the Pyrenean region of this province is based on a few sound recordings.. Its particular breeding habitat (high altitude mountain forests and its winter breeding habits, make it difficult to locate and study the species. Coinciding with a massive beech tree fruiting in 2017 and likely subsequent boom in the rodent population, nine active males, as well as the first confirmed nesting, were recorded in the Navarran Pyrenees. We also detected a number of unusual behaviours, such as diurnal hooting and interspecific relationships with other owl species.
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Annual variation in the diet, composition, and prey diversity of Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758) was investigated in high-mountain coniferous forests of Mt. Kopaonik (central Serbia) during 3 consecutive years. Prey remains and decomposed pellets (detritus) were collected at the bottom of nest-boxes during 2 separate periods: during mating and after nesting. Prey remains such as maxillae, mandibles, beaks, or feathers were used for prey identification. In total, 438 prey items were separated and identified. Small mammals represented the most numerous class of prey (87.23%). The most frequent prey item was bank vole Myodes glareolus (23.29%). During the nesting season the proportion of voles eaten was significantly higher in comparison with the ating period. The mean prey weight was 20.74 g. In the study area, according to diversity index calculations, prey diversity was high and it seems that the number of breeding attempts by Tengmalm’s owl showed dependence on the annual abundance of small rodents, but further research is needed to confirm this assertion.
Technical Report
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Este informe presenta los resultados finales del seguimiento de micromamíferos comunes de España (proyecto SEMICE), desarrollado entre la primavera del 2008 y 2013 (seis años). Después de la prueba piloto que se llevó a cabo en Cataluña en el período 2008-2010, se considera que la red de seguimiento ya tiene una implantación notable en la región, con 44 estaciones activas el 2013. En total se han implantado 63 estaciones en toda España. Se ha utilizado una metodología de muestreo estandarizada, consistente en el trampeo en vivo con trampas Longworth (captura en vivo) y Sherman alternadas en parcelas de 36 trampas espaciadas unos 15 metros (0.56 ha), siguiendo un protocolo semejante al establecido en Gran Bretaña. Debido a la baja disponibilidad de trampas Longworth, en muchos casos se ha optado por utilizar solamente trampas Sherman. Las parcelas se sitúan en un gradiente altitudinal de más de 2000 m (11-2255 m.s.n.m.), desde zonas típicamente mediterráneas (pinares, matorrales, encinares), a la alta montaña subalpina (canchales y prados), pasando por bosques eurosiberianos (robledales, abetales). Esta gran variedad de ambientes permitirá capturar una gran diversidad de especies, y observar como varían las poblaciones de las especies en función de la altitud y la latitud. Durante la campaña de primavera del 2013 se han capturado 456 micromamíferos de 12 especies en las 45 estaciones de las que se dispone de los resultados del muestreo de primavera. Como es habitual, el ratón de campo (Apodemus sylvaticus) representa la mayor parte de las capturas (55,7%), seguido por la musaraña gris (Crocidura russula, 25,6%), y el ratón moruno (Mus spretus, 10,1%). El resto de especies no supera el 5%. Desde que se inició el seguimiento en el año 2008 se han capturado un total de 4.548 micromamíferos de 22 especies.
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Species distribution models (SDMs) have been widely tagged as valuable tools in a variety of conservation assessments to address pressing conservation problems. However, these solutions could be hampered by difficulties to overcome the knowledge-action boundary between conservation and modelling practice. These difficulties have been well typified in the ecological modelling sphere, but a specific conceptual framework on how to bridge this gap is still lacking. This work reports successful examples on how to use SDMs to identify the most favourable habitats for implementing conservation management actions. We use these examples to discuss about the three main topics that deserve special attention to help enhance information flow between practitioners and modellers: the decision context, the modelling framework and the spatial products. Finally, we suggest some practical solutions to improve applications of effective conservation action on the ground. We emphasize the importance of matching modelling goals and decision targets by a close collaboration of modellers with decision makers and species experts. Moreover, we highlight the key role of clear and useful spatial products to provide relevant and timely feedback to increase understanding and promote utilisation by conservation practitioners, and to inform and involve targeted audiences.
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The introduction of this book reminds the strong Pyrenean responsibility about the conservation of an original form of Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus) at ecological and genetic point of view, which is endemic of this mountain range. It evaluates the proportion of Pyrenean forests concerned by this stakes, and indicates in what mind it was written. Namely, amongst the usual forestry practices, we are looking for those supposed the best appropriate to maintain or improve the habitats suitability of this species. The book proposes solutions pour concrete situations often encountered by the foresters, and suggest processes to get the objective to conserve or improve the Capercaillie habitats. A first chapter concerns the biology and ecology of the Capercaillie, insisting on the relationships between the species and its habitats, and on the Pyrenean particularities of these relationships. The more common situations of layout of Capercaillie habitats along the slopes of the valleys are showed as diagrams, according to the different bioclimatic zones presents in the Pyrenees. The second chapter displays a method of diagnostic of the forest suitability for the Capercaillie, at three different scales: the landscape, the forest and the stand, in order to give tools at any level of management of the Pyrenean natural habitats. Thus, the needs of this species could be considered both in the decisions at regional level and at the forest planning, but also during the tree marking and the forestry works. This method of diagnostic is based on biotic and abiotic local conditions, and takes into account the present and past status (10-30 years) of the Capercaillie at the different spatial scales. The third chapter gives the right principles of forest management for the species, according three level of interest of the forest or the stand for the Capercaillie (forest unsuitable for permanent life, but with possible crossing, area situated in the present or recent range of the species, and vital areas (leks, wintering zones, nest and brood habitats). According the level, a calendar of any forest works is proposed. Then, after have listed the essential principles for the conservation of good conditions of life in the forestry practices, the book propose: -technical solutions for the conservation of the Capercaillie in current Pyrenean situations; -silvicultural processes for most of the forest types encountered in the Pyrenees, both in north and south side of this mountain range; -practical proposals for delicate and very concrete situations which the foresters are to be faced. These technical solutions are showed as commented diagrams, and are based about experiences of foresters, or forest experiments old enough, and also about the knowledge’s about the silvigenetic processes.
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There is no one-size-fits-all approach to managing frequent-fire, old-growth forests. However, there are general guidelines to follow: 1) set objectives for both structure (tree density, diameter distribution, tree species composition, spatial arrangement, amount of coarse woody debris) and function (nutrient cycling, desired tree, species regeneration); 2) prioritize treatments according to ecological, economic, and social needs and risks; 3) identify the potential treatments (natural fire, prescribed fire, silvicultural cutting) that best meet the objectives and scale of the project; and 4) implement the treatment (s). We discuss each of these guidelines in this article.
Article
A breeding population census of the Tengmalm’s Owl was carried out, from 1984 to 1986, in six different areas of Bourgogne, Jura and Haut-Vercors, France. The total area surveyed was 100 km2. The largest number of breeding territories found in 1984 was 71. Breeding densities averaged 0.6 pair per km2, with a maximum of 1.3 pair per km2. Altogether, 47 nests were found by systematically checking tree holes and nest boxes. The Tengmalm’s Owl population studied displayed wide population fluctuations in relation to rodent population cycles (Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus sp.). Tengmalm’s Owl very often uses Black Woodpecker’s nests to breed ; such nest sites are particularly numerous in large Beech trees, within old mature forest. To keep patches of unlogged mature forest (1-2 ha), at a density of one patch per 100 ha, would certainly help preserving a self-sustaining population of Tengmalm’s Owl in our study area.
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Habitat connectivity and corridors are often assumed to be critical for the persistence of patchily distributed populations, but empirical evidence for this assumption is scarce. We assessed the importance of connectivity among habitat patches for dispersal by a mature-forest obligate, the Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus). Boreal Owls demonstrated a lack of genetic structure (θ = 0.004 ± 0.002 [SE]) among subpopulations, regardless of matrix type and extent, which indicates that unforested matrix does not act as a barrier to dispersal for this vagile species. We found only slightly higher genetic distances (Cavalli-Sforza chord distances ranged from 0.015 to 0.025) among patchily distributed Rocky Mountain subpopulations as compared with largely contiguous boreal-forest subpopulations (0.013 to 0.019) and no evidence of a genetic split across the expansive high plains of Wyoming. Even the most isolated subalpine patches are connected via gene flow. As northern boreal forests continue to experience intensive harvest of mature stands, geographic dispersion of Boreal Owl habitat may begin to more closely resemble that found in the Rocky Mountains. We suggest that decreased connectivity poses much less of a threat to continued abundance of this mature-forest obligate than overall loss of nesting and foraging habitat. Assessment of the importance of corridors and connectivity should be conducted on a species-by-species basis, given the variation in response of species to discontinuity of habitat, even among closely related taxa or guilds. Alta Conectividad y Estructura Genética Mínima entre Poblaciones Norteamericanas de Aegolius funereus, Independientemente de la Matriz del Hábitat