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Aechmea novoae (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae), a Novelty from the State
of Jalisco, Mexico
Alejandra Flores-Arg ¨uelles,
1,2
Ana Rosa L´opez-Ferrari,
1
and Adolfo Espejo-Serna
1
*
1
Herbario Metropolitano, Departamento de Biolog´ıa, Divisi´on de Ciencias Biol ´ogicas y de la Salud.
Universidad Aut´onoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55-535, C.P. 09340,
Ciudad de M´exico, Mexico.
2
Maestr´ıa en Biolog´ıa, Departamentos de Biolog´ıa e Hidrobiolog´ıa, Divisi´on de Ciencias Biol ´ogicas y de
la Salud. Universidad Aut´onoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55-535,
C.P. 09340, Ciudad de M´exico, Mexico.
*Author for correspondence: aes@xanum.uam.mx
ABSTRACT.Aechmea novoae Flores-Arg., L´opez-Ferr.
& Espejo, an epiphytic species distributed in the
municipalities of Cabo Corrientes, La Huerta, and
Puerto Vallarta in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, is
described and illustrated. Morphologically, the
new taxon resembles A. mexicana Baker and A.
lueddemanniana (K. Koch) Brongn. ex Mez. A
comparative table, figures, and a distribution map of
the three species are included.
RESUMEN. Se describe e ilustra Aechmea novoae Flores-
Arg., L´opez-Ferr. & Espejo, especie ep´ıfita que se distrib-
uye en los municipios de Cabo Corrientes, La Huerta y
Puerto Vallarta, en el estado de Jalisco, M´exico. El nuevo
taxon se parece morfol´ogicamente a A. mexicana
Baker y a A. lueddemanniana (K. Koch) Brongn. ex
Mez. Se incluye una tabla comparativa, figuras y un
mapa de distribuci´on de las tres especies.
Key words: Aechmea, Bromeliaceae, Cabo Cor-
rientes, epiphytes, La Huerta, Mexico.
As a result of botanical explorations in the vicinity of
Las Juntas y Los Veranos in the municipality of Cabo
Corrientes, Jalisco, Mexico, in the course of the first
author’s master’s thesis project, material in fruit of a
species of Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. (Bromeliaceae, Bro-
melioideae) was collected. It was originally identified as
A. mexicana Baker. However, a detailed examination of
herbarium material, as well as the study of a flowering
specimen of a cultivated plant from Jalisco, revealed
that it is an undescribed species.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Material was collected following the guidelines of
Aguirre Le´on (1986); the specimens were deposited at
Herbario Metropolitano (UAMIZ), Universidad Aut´onoma
Metropolitana. Around 80 herbarium sheets of Aechmea
mexicana and ca. 74 herbarium sheets of A. lueddemanni-
ana (K. Koch) Brongn. ex Mez (Appendix 1) from the
followingherbariawerereviewed:CHIP,CIB,CICY,
CORU, ENCB, GH, HEM, IBUG, IEB, K, MEXU, MICH,
MO, SERO, UAMIZ, UC, US, and XAL (acronyms accord-
ing to Thiers, 20201). Specimens and type images from
HAL, K, and UC were also studied. Morphological ana-
lyses of the leaves and flowers were made with a standard
stereoscope. The description of morphological characters
follows Brown and Terry (1992) and Scharf and Gouda
(2008).
TAXONOMIC TREATMENT
Aechmea novoae Flores-Arg., L´opez-Ferr. & Espejo, sp.
nov. TYPE: Mexico. Jalisco: municipio de Cabo Cor-
rientes, ejido Las Juntas y Los Veranos, santuario las
Guacamayas, 20°25ʹ58.80N, 105°18ʹ55.80W, 600
m.s.l., bosque tropical subcaducifolio, 23 Mar. 2018
(st.), cultivated and pressed 28 Oct. 2019 (fl.), A.
Flores-Arg ¨uelles,A.Espejo,A.R.L´opez-Ferrari,R.
Hern ´andez-C ´ardenas & I. N. Gomez-Escamilla 987
(holotype, UAMIZ!; isotype, IBUG!). Figure 1B–G.
Diagnosis. Aechmea novoae Flores-Arg., L´opez-Ferr. &
Espejo differs from A. mexicana Baker by its longer leaf sheaths
and blades and cylindrical, sparsely white-lepidote inflores-
cence (vs. conical, densely white-lepidote), with shorter pri-
mary branches and fewer flowers per branch.
Herbs perennial, epiphytic, rarely lithophytic, in flower
up to 1.1 m high from the base of the rosette to the apex
of the inflorescence. Rosettes solitary, tank-type, form-
ing an inverted straight cone up to 1.7 m diam. Stem
rhizomatous, appressed to the phorophyte, 5–6cm
diam. and up to 60 cm long. Roots fibrous, thin. Leaves
numerous, 60–160 cm; leaf sheath straw-colored or light
brown, elliptic, 21–37 313–19.5 cm, entire, densely
brownish punctulate lepidote adaxially, sparsely lepi-
dote abaxially; blade green, the lower ones reflexed and
VERSION OF RECORD FIRST PUBLISHED ONLINE ON 2DECEMBER 2020 AHEAD OF WINTER 2020 ISSUE.
doi: 10.3417/2020614 NOVON 28: 281–287.
red at the distal portion, strap-shaped, 40–122 3
9–13.5 cm, coriaceous, sparsely white-lepidote adax-
ially, densely white-lepidote abaxially, acuminate, mar-
gin spinose-serrate, the spines antrorse, 0.8–2.1 mm.
Inflorescence terminal, dark purple, erect, paniculi-
form, 2 or 3 times branched, cylindrical, 70–80 cm,
ca. 8 cm diam., very sparsely white-lepidote; peduncle
erect, cylindrical, 35–40 cm, ca. 2 cm diam.; peduncle
bracts red when young, foliaceous, longer than the
internodes, the sheaths of the basal ones elliptic, the
apical ones narrowly elliptic, 8.1–13 31.7–4.4 cm,
glabrous, the blades triangular, 1.3–630.4–2 cm,
Figure 1. Aechmea novoae Flores-Arg., L´opez-Ferr. & Espejo. —A. Habit. —B. Plant. —C. Young inflorescence. —D.
Mature inflorescence. —E. Inflorescence detail. —F. Dissected flower. —G. Fruits. A based on a photo by A. Espejo-Serna
without specimen; B–G based on A. Flores-Arg ¨uelles et al. 987 (UAMIZ). Photos: A. Espejo-Serna.
282 Novon
entire, acuminate and pungent at the apex, lepidote on
both sides; branches divaricate to ascending, the basal
ones 5–6.5 cm and conspicuously branched, the apical
ones 3–4 cm, simple or few-branched; basal primary
bracts similar to those of the peduncle, deciduous, the
blades ca. 5.8 3ca. 1.6 cm, the apical ones pale brown,
filiform, deciduous, 5.5–9 mm; floral bracts similar to
equal to the upper primary bracts, 2.2–5 mm; flowers
polystichous, ascending to erect, laxly disposed, 2 to 16
per branch, pedicellate; pedicels longer than floral
bracts, 2.6–7.7 mm, sparsely white-lepidote. Flowers
with sepals connate at the base forming a hypanthium
with the ovary, free in the apical portion, asymmetric,
with a hyaline wing at the right side, purplish brown,
6.6–10.4 33.5–5.5 mm, fleshy, strongly appressed to
the corolla, apiculate, the apicule pale brown, 2–4 mm,
persistent in fruit; petals free, lilac to magenta, oblong to
oblong-spathulate, 13–16 33–4.5 mm, rounded at the
apex, bearing a pair of saclike basal appendages on the
adaxial surface formed by 2 lateral folds and 2 fimbriate
ligules, 1.5 mm; stamens equal, shorter than petals,
filaments white, 2.3–7.8 mm, 3 adnate basally to the
petals, anthers yellow, oblong, 1.2–2 mm; ovary oblong
to obconic, 8.7–10 mm, ca. 6.2 mm diam., style filiform,
8–10 mm, stigma simple, erect. Fruit a berry, pale green
when young, pale rose to whitish when mature, obovoid,
ca. 20 mm, 5.8–8.4 mm diam.; seeds dark brown,
fusiform, curved, 2–2.6 mm.
Distribution and habitat. Aechmea novoae is known
at this time from the municipalities of Cabo Corrientes,
La Huerta, and Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico (Fig. 2),
growing as epiphyte in tropical subdeciduous forests
and gallery forests, at 100–600 m elevation.
Phenology. This species flowers from September to
January, fruiting from November to March.
Etymology. The specific epithet honors Jorge Her-
iberto Novoa-Ramos, a dear friend who has made great
efforts for the conservation of santuario Las Guacamayas
in Cabo Corrientes Municipality. Jorge guided and
helped during the fieldwork of the first author’s thesis
project.
Notes. Aechmea novoae was for a long time confused
with A. mexicana (Magaña R., 1986; McVaugh, 1989;
V´azquez-Garc´ıa et al., 2000; Espejo-Serna et al., 2004;
Ram´ırez Delgadillo et al., 2010), a species that it closely
resembles morphologically. However, it differs by its
longer leaves (sheaths and blades), and by its cylindri-
cal, sparsely white-lepidote inflorescence (Figs. 1, 3;
Table 1). Magaña (1986) included A. novoae under the
name of A. mexicana in her thesis about the Bromeliaceae
Figure 2. Distribution map of Aechmea.—CAechmea mexicana Baker. —:Aechmea novoae Flores-Arg., L´opez-Ferr. &
Espejo. —¤Aechmea lueddemanniana (K. Koch) Brongn. ex Mez.
Volume 28, Number 4
2020
Flores-Arg ¨uelles et al. 283
Aechmea novoae (Bromeliaceae) from Jalisco,
Mexico
of the Coast of Jalisco, describing it as a plant with
narrow inflorescences, 7 cm wide (diameter) with basal
branches 4–5cmlong.Later,McVaugh(1989),inFlora
Novo-Galiciana, refers to Magaña’s work, indicating also
that plants from Jalisco have inflorescences with
basal branches up to 4–5 cm long, a characteristic
that clearly distinguishes these plants from A. mex-
icana whose basal branches reach 18.5 cm long. It is
important to note that Magaña’s description was
based only on two fruiting specimens (Magaña &
Lott 45 and Beutelspacher 38662,seeparatypes
below).
Figure 3. Aechmea mexicana Baker. —A. Habit. —B. Plant. —C. Young inflorescence. —D. Mature inflorescence. —E.
Inflorescence detail. —F. Flower dissected. —G. Fruits. Based on M. Miguel-V ´azquez et al. 258 (UAMIZ). Photos: A. Espejo-
Serna.
284 Novon
Aechmea novoae and A. mexicana belong to the
subgenus Podaechmea Mez (1896), which was treated
as a genus by Smith and Kress (1989, 1990). The third
Mexican member of Aechmea subg. Podaechmea is A.
lueddemanniana (Espejo-Serna & L ´opez-Ferrari, 1994),
a taxon that shares with the other two species compound
inflorescences, lepidote-pedicellate flowers, and basal
petal appendages (Smith & Downs, 1979), but differs from
both by its much smaller habit (Fig. 4, Table 1). Aechmea
novoae also differs from both A. lueddemanniana and A.
mexicana by its geographic distribution, Jalisco State in
western Mexico, whereas the other two species are reported
from Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potos´ı,and
Veracruz in the eastern slope of the country (Fig. 2).
Recently, based on molecular data, the Androlepis
Alliance was proposed including Aechmea subg. Podaechmea
among other taxa with different morphological characters (Sass
& Specht, 2010; Ram´ırez-D´ıaz et al., 2019). As a member of
Aechmea subg. Podaechmea, the new species here proposed
obviously also belongs to the Androlepis Alliance.
With this finding, the number of Mexican Aechmea
species increases to 10, three of them endemic to the
country (Espejo-Serna et al., 2004; L ´opez-Ferrari et al.,
2011; Espejo Serna, 2012).
Paratypes. MEXICO. Jalisco: municipio de Cabo Cor-
rientes, ejido Las Juntas y Los Veranos, santuario las Guaca-
mayas, 20°25ʹ49.30N, 105°18ʹ59.540W, 586 m.s.l., vegetaci´on
riparia, 24 Mar. 2019 (fr.), J. Novoa-Ramos s.n. (UAMIZ);
24 km al S de Puerto Vallarta, sobre la carretera a Barra de
Navidad, cañada con selva mediana subcaducifolia, 18 Jan.
1985 (fr.), P. Magaña & E. Lott 45 (MEXU 414700, 414701);
municipio de La Huerta, cerca de estaci´on Chamela, 100 m.s.l.,
5 Feb. 1975 (fr.), C. Beutelspacher 38662 (MEXU 182308).
Photographic records. MEXICO. Jalisco: municipio
de Cabo Corrientes, Las Juntas y Los Veranos, 20°28ʹ53.610N,
105°17ʹ37.060W, ca. 290 m.s.l., 22 Mar. 2018 (fr.),
photo by A. Espejo (UAMIZ) (Fig. 1A); municipio de
Puerto Vallarta, camino al Ed ´en, 20°31 ʹ37.560N,
105°15ʹ59.760W, 130 m.s.l., Jan. 2019 (fr.), photo by
Dante S. Figueroa (UAMIZ).
Acknowledgments. We thank Walter Till, Eric Gouda,
Wendy Applequist, and two anonymous reviewers for
their critical comments that improved the manuscript.
The curators of the following herbaria allowed the study
of their collections: CHIP, CIB, CICY, CORU, ENCB,
GH, HAL, HEM, IBUG, IEB, K, MEXU, MICH, MO,
SERO, UAMIZ, UC, US, and XAL. Jorge Novoa-Ramos,
Rodrigo Hern´andez-C ´ardenas, and Nayeli Gomez-
Escamilla helped us during fieldwork. We want to
express our gratitude to Edith Gonz´alez-Rocha for
helping us with the figures and to Ivonne Nayeli Gomez-
Escamilla for drawing the distribution map.
Literature Cited
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Table 1. Comparative characteristics of Aechmea novoae Flores-Arg., L ´opez-Ferr. & Espejo, A. mexicana Baker, and
A. lueddemanniana (K. Koch) Brongn. ex Mez.
A. novoae A. mexicana A. lueddemanniana
Distribution (States of
Mexico)
Jalisco Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, San
Luis Potos´ı, and Veracruz
Chiapas, Oaxaca, and
Veracruz
Foliar sheath size 21–37 313–19.5 cm 14–20 38–16 cm 6–10 35–6cm
Foliar blade size 40–122 39–13.5 cm 54–100 35–16 cm 25–55 33.5–6.5 cm
Inflorescence form and
length
cylindrical, 70–80 cm conical, 80–90 cm conical to cylindrical, 40–50
cm
Inflorescence color and
indument
dark purple, very sparsely white-
lepidote
green, densely white-lepidote dark purple, sparsely white-
lepidote
Peduncle bract color reddish when young, brownish
when mature
whitish when young, pale brown
when mature
whitish when young, pale
brown when mature
Length of basal branches
of inflorescence
5–6.5 cm 15–18.5 cm 4–5cm
Flowers per branch 2 to 16 5 to 56 3 to 6
Sepal color and size purplish brown, 6.6–10.4 3
3.5–5.5 mm
green, 5.3–7.3 33.7–5.2 mm purplish brown, 3–53
2–4mm
Petal size 13–16 33–4.5 mm 13–14 35–5.5 mm 8–10 33–4mm
Fruit color pale green when young, pale rose
to whitish when mature
green when young, whitish purple
when mature
white when young, purple to
black when mature
Fruit shape, size at
maturity
obovoid, ca. 20 35.8–8.4 mm ellipsoid, 15–17 37–8 mm oblong, 11–15 33–7mm
Volume 28, Number 4
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Mature inflorescence. —E. Inflorescence detail. —F. Flower dissected. —G. Fruits. Based on B. P´erez-Garc´ıa 1225 (UAMIZ).
Photos: A, Aniceto Mendoza-Ruiz; B–G, A. Espejo-Serna.
286 Novon
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Appendix 1. Specimens examined.
Aechmea mexicana Baker. MEXICO. Chiapas: D. E. Breedlove
29306 (ENCBx2, MO); D. E. Breedlove 33088 (MEXUx2); D. E.
Breedlove 49919 (ENCB); D. E. Breedlove &A. R. Smith 22234
(ENCBx2). Oaxaca: A. Garc´ıa-Mendoza et al. 2917 (MEXU); G.
Ju ´arez G .&A. Mart´ınez F. 840 (MEXU); G. Mart´ınez Calder´on 563
(GH); R. E. Schultes &B. P. Reko 550B (GHx2); R. Torres C. 12160
(MEXU); R. Torres C. &L. Cort´es A. 11457 (MEXU); R. Torres C.&
E. Mart´ınez S. 10985 (IEB, MEXU). Puebla: F. Basurto &R.
Patr´on 406 (MEXUx2); H. Bravo H. 552 (MEXU); A. Campos V.
et al. 36 (MEXU); M. Miguel-V ´azquez et al. 258 (UAMIZx4); F.
Miranda 3044 (MEXUx2); P. Tenorio L. et al. 12615 (MEXU). San
Luis Potos´ı:J. B. Alcorn 2572 (MEXU); C. R. Beutelspacher B. 33
(MEXU); C. R. Beutelspacher B. s.n. (MEXUx4); R. Merrill King
4287 (MICH, US); J. Rzedowski 10154 (ENCB, MICHx2, USx2).
Veracruz: E. Bourgeau 3106 (Kx2); H. Bravo H. 224 (MEXU); H.
Bravo H. 225 (MEXU); G. Castillo C. 1281 (IEB, MEXU, XAL); C.
Dur ´an E. &S. Avendaño R. 1116 (XAL); A. Espejo et al. 7029
(UAMIZx2); I. G´omez Ponce de Le´on &A. Vel ´azquez M. 20
(CORUx2, XAL); I. G´omez Ponce de Le ´on &A. Vel ´azquez M. 22
(CORU, XAL); I. G ´omez Ponce de Le ´on &A. Vel ´azquez M. 25
(CORU, XAL); L. Guti´errez C. s.n. (CORU [photo by M. Ch ´azaro B.,
IBUG]); I. Kelly 224-A (US); I. K. Langman 3620 (USx2); A. Lot H.
1054 (GH, MO); V. E. Luna M. et al. 763 (MEXU, XAL); F.
Miranda 4889 (MEXUx2); H. Oliva R.&S. Ram´ırez C. HOR-735
(CORU); C. A. Purpus 15371 (GH); C. A. Purpus 15379 (MICH,
UC); F. Ram´on F. et al. FRHF 221 (CORU, XAL); R. Robles G. 451
(XAL); P. E. Valdivia Q. 1568 (CICY); F. Ventura A. 3127 (ENCB).
Aechmea lueddemanniana (K. Koch) Brongn. ex Mez. MEXICO.
Chiapas: D. ´
Alvarez &A. Chambor 4742 (MEXU); D. E. Breedlove
15682 (MICH); J. I. Calzada et al. 9688 (MEXU, XAL); G.
Carnevali et al. 4401 (CICY); G. Davidse et al. 20443 (MEXU,
MO); A. Dur´an F. 1126 (HEM); A. Dur ´an F. &S. Levy T. 141
(MEXUx2); O. Farrera S. 1815 (CHIP); N. Mart´ınez-Mel ´endez 1294
(HEM); E. Mart´ınez S. 17165 (MEXU); E. Mart´ınez S. 17612
(MEXU); E. Mart´ınez S. 17975 (MEXUx2); E. Mart´ınez S. M-
21255 (MEXU); E. Mart´ınez S. M-21283 (MEXU); E. Mart´ınez S.&
M. A. Soto A. 18663 (MEXU, MO); E. Mart´ınez S.&M. A. Soto A.
18738 (MEXU); H. E. Moore Jr. 2575 (GH, US); B. P´erez G. et al.
1225 (UAMIZ); F. V ´azquez B. 927 (XAL). Oaxaca: E. Bravo &
J. Guti´errez 207 (UAMIZ); J. Rivera H. et al. 689 (SERO); J. Rivera
H. et al. 1232 (MEXU, SEROx2); R. Torres C. et al. 853 (MEXU).
Veracruz: R. Acevedo R. 122 (IEB, MEXU, XAL); R. Acevedo R.
892 (XAL); R. Acosta P. et al. 3049 (CIB); S. Avendaño R.&R.
S´anchez 1237 (XAL); H. Bravo H. s.n. (US); C. R. Beutelspacher B. 2
(MEXU); R. Cedillo T. 3134 (MEXU, MO); Brigada Dorantes 2812
(CICY, MEXUx2, XAL); J. Dorantes S. 3230 (XALx2); A. Franco
M. et al. 55 (XAL); A. Franco M. et al. 92 (XAL); G. Ibarra M. et al.
2506 (MEXU, XAL); T. Kroemer et al. 1900 (CORU); T. Kroemer
et al. 1955 (MEXU, XAL); E. L´opez P. 17 (XAL); E. L´opez P. 126
(XAL); E. L´opez P. 217 (XAL); E. Matuda 38669 (MEXU); P.
Maury 5597 (GH); L. I. Nevling &A. G ´omez-Pompa 2535 (MEXU);
F. Ponce C. 280 (IEB, MEXUx2, MO, US); A. Rinc ´on G.&C. Dur ´an
E. 1485 (MEXU, XAL); A. Rinc´on G. et al. 2304 (XAL); J. Rivera H.
et al. 1232 (MEXU, SEROx2); A. Torres S. &A. Campos V. 244
(MEXU); P. E. Valdivia Q. 285 (XALx2); Brigada V ´azquez 803
(XAL); M. V ´azquez T. 803 (XAL).
Volume 28, Number 4
2020
Flores-Arg ¨uelles et al. 287
Aechmea novoae (Bromeliaceae) from Jalisco,
Mexico
ISSN 1055-3177 (PRINT); ISSN 1945-6174 (ONLINE)
