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Newly Recorded Lepista sordida (Schumach.) Singer (Agaricales Tricholomataceae) for Indonesia
Abstract
Lepista sordida (Schumach.) Singer is firstly reported from Indonesia. Description and illustration of the species are presented.
... About 80% of fungi are of microscopic types, while the remaining 20% are macroscopic fungi. In Indonesia, macroscopic fungi make up only 0.15% of the total fungi worldwide (Retnowati et al. 2019). ...
... This species is distributed in Indonesia (especially Java Island), Sri Lanka, Thailand, America, and Switzerland. It is often found in compost soil, grass, and gardens (Retnowati 2019). ...
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is a conservation area in East Java with an abundance of biodiversity, including macrofungi. This study aims to identify the macrofungal species existing in Poncokusumo district, TNBTS area, and their habitat characteristics for a further sustainable study of fungi. This study used a purposive sampling method by opportunistic exploration. Identification of macrofungi is conducted by morphological analysis and habitat characterization. The study identified 15 macrofungal species categorized as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, that were distinct in their habitat characteristics. The 15 macrofungal species inhabited leaf litter, wood litter, soil, and bamboo.
... About 80% of fungi are of microscopic types, while the remaining 20% are macroscopic fungi. In Indonesia, macroscopic fungi make up only 0.15% of the total fungi worldwide (Retnowati et al. 2019). ...
... This species is distributed in Indonesia (especially Java Island), Sri Lanka, Thailand, America, and Switzerland. It is often found in compost soil, grass, and gardens (Retnowati 2019). ...
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is a conservation area in East Java with an abundance of biodiversity, including macrofungi. This study aims to identify the macrofungal species existing in Poncokusumo district, TNBTS area, and their habitat characteristics for a further sustainable study of fungi. This study used a purposive sampling method by opportunistic exploration. Identification of macrofungi is conducted by morphological analysis and habitat characterization. The study identified 15 macrofungal species categorized as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, that were distinct in their habitat characteristics. The 15 macrofungal species inhabited leaf litter, wood litter, soil, and bamboo.
... Lepista sordida is an edible mushroom that mostly grows on the ground in gardens, lawns, or parks [1] and belongs to the Tricholomataceae [2]. This fungus is widely distributed in nature. ...
Lepista sordida is a type of high-quality rare edible and medicinal mushroom, and its research boom is just beginning. More than 80 million tons of grain crop residues are produced each year in Heilongjiang Province. To realize the exploration and utilization of wild L. sordida mushrooms and also provide a theoretical support for the high-value utilization of these resources in Heilongjiang Province, we evaluated the cultivation of L. sordida mushrooms using rice straw, corncob, and soybean straw as substrates. L. sordida grew on all three substrates, and the biological efficiency and yield of the mushrooms grown on soybean straw and corncob were 32.33 ± 1.78% and 4.20 ± 0.23 kg m−2, and 30.15 ± 0.93% and 3.92 ± 0.12 kg m−2, respectively, which increased by 9.38% and 2.08% compared with that on the rice straw substrate with 3.84 ± 0.12 kg m−2 and 29.56 ± 0.89%. The time it took for the mycelia to colonize and initiate primordia on the soybean straw substrate was 22.33 ± 0.58 d and 19.67 ± 0.58 d, respectively, which was delayed by 2 d and 3 d compared with that on the rice straw substrate with 20.67 ± 2.08 d and 16.33 ± 0.58 d, respectively. The fruiting bodies grown on corncob and soybean straw substrates were relatively larger than those on the rice straw substrate. The highest amount of crude protein was 57.38 ± 0.08 g 100 g−1, and the lowest amount of crude polysaccharide was 6.03 ± 0.01 g 100 g−1. They were observed on mushrooms collected from the corncob substrate. The contents of the heavy metal mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in the fruiting bodies grown on each substrate were within the national safety range.
... Yet, only a few scientific studies reported L. sordida mushrooms in Indonesia. The first report was recorded by Retnowati which studies only the morphology feature of L. sordida in Indonesia [18]. While the second report was investigated by our previous studies that found the plasticity characteristics of L. sordida including the stipe having a subcylindrical/flattened shape with a hollow interior and smooth surface. ...
Mushrooms species are well known to have a high potential for bioactive compounds for decades. In the era of modern technologies, it is possible to uncover and explore the hidden ethnopharmacological values, comprising complex bioactive compounds of substantial health benefits. Lepista sordida is an edible and medicinal mushroom, and its distributed from Europe to Southeast Asia. However, there was no prior study on the bioactive compounds of L. sordida from Indonesia. In this present study, ethanol extracts of L. sordida were obtained and their extract properties were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 13 different chemical compounds were found in L. sordida ethanol extracts through GC-MS analysis. 4-O-Methylmannose, n-Hexadecanoic acid, and cis-13-Octadecenoic acid were noted as the major compounds with area percentages of 10.09%, 8.19%, and 6.49%, respectively. The result of PASS Server analysis suggested that the ethanolic extract of L. sordida has the pharmaceutical effect to treat phobic disorder and skin damage, preventing blood clotting, anti-inflammatory, and treating several infections which cause by bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Therefore, it is strongly suggested to conduct further bioassay to confirm the pharmaceutical properties of this mushroom.
... Although some morphological features of BO24627 were different from the previous description of L. sordida (El-Fallal et al. 2017;Retnowati 2019), the phylogenetic tree clarified that BO24627 was identified as L. sordida with a strong BS value (Figure 2). In addition, it is also placed under different clades of the closely morphological related species of L. nuda and L. personata. ...
Lepista sordida (Schumach.) Singer (Agaricales) with the unusual growth pattern and stipe character is reported for the first time from West Java, Indonesia. Fresh basidiomata were assessed using morphological and molecular approaches. The morphological characters were observed based on the macro-and micromorphological features. The ITS 4/5 region was used for molecular analysis. A detailed description of basidiomata and the phylogenetic tree is provided. Our result indicated the morphological plasticity of L. sordida. This study is the first contribution of Lepista sordida based on both morphological and molecular evidence in Indonesia.
A NEW record of Lepista sordida was collected from a lemon fruit farm in El-Sinania at Damietta District of North delta of Egypt in December, 2014. It was identified using morphological (macro and microscopic) and molecular techniques. Complete description was preformed for the collected fresh fruiting bodies and isolated pure culture. Radial growth rate of culture was estimated on Potato dextrose and Malt extract agar media (8.5 & 7.8 mm/ day, respectively). Lepista sordida and L. nuda are very close in morphological characters; hence, the identification was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis of the ribosomal 5.8S rRNA gene including the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Then, its taxonomic position among some genera of Tricholomataceae and its relation with some other Lepista species was discussed. The surrounding habitat was also observed and environmental conditions were recorded as Temperature degree (29.7oC), relative humidity (RH: 44.6) and soil moisture was (5.56). Lepista sordida was reported from South Africa and Nigeria (in the South), Algeria and Tunisia (in the North-west) and this is first record in North-East Africa.
Some ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of Lepista sordida are described. Basidiospores with verruculose and irregular ornamentations were observed through scanning electron microscopy. Confocal microscopy indicated that most of them exhibited a single large lipid body, no acidic vesicles and nucleus localized in the cell periphery.Este trabalho descreve aspectos ultraestruturais e citoquímicos de Lepista sordida. Basidiósporos recobertos com ornamentações verruculosas e irregulares foram observados através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Através de microscopia confocal verificou-se que a maioria apresentava um grande corpo lipídico, ausência de vesículas ácidas e núcleo localizado na periferia.
A molecular multigene analysis (ITS, 18S and 28S nrLSU ribosomal DNA, left, rpb2) was used to support the proposition of three new genera of clitocyboid fungi. Leucocybe is proposed to accommodate the clade formed by Clitocybe connata and C. candicans. Clitocybe inornata is invested as type species of Atractosporocybe. while the new genus, Rhizotybe, is proposed for the former species of section Vernae of Clitocybe, C. vermicularis, C. pntitiosa and C. rhizoides. The three lineages are related to the families Lyophyllaceae and Entolomataceae and independent from (he Clitocvbeae clade. Morphologically Rhizotybe is characterized by the presence of conspicuous rhiz.omorphs, while Atractosporocybe presents long fusiform spores. Leucocybe includes two whitish species in the former section Candicanles of Clitocybe, but no relevant shared characteristic feature was detected. Other whitish clitocyboid species, such as C. phyllophila (= C. cerussata), C. dealbata, C. rivulosa, and Singerotybc hydrogramma, are shown to be genetically related to the core lineage of the Clitocybeae.
The genus Lepista (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales) is discussed in relation to Clitocybe, and evidence is presented to warrant a transfer of the species of Lepista to Clitocybe. A new section, sect. Verruculosae, is proposed in Clitocybe to accommodate these species and several other Clitocybes with ornamented spores. New taxa proposed are: Clitocybe subalpina, C. tarda var. alcalina, C. pseudoirina, C. irina var. luteospora. New combinations proposed are: C. panaeoliformis var. panaeoliformis and var. westii, C. densifolia, C. praemagna, C. nuda, C. glaucocana, C. saeva, C. graveolens. One nomen novum, Clitocybe fasiculata, is proposed for Lepista caespitosa (Bresadola) Singer. Eighteen species and three varieties are treated with a key to taxa and a complete description of each.