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DEMOCRATISING smart city citizenship: Penta helix multi-stakeholders policy framework from the Social Innovation perspective

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Abstract

This chapter examines in-depth how the smart cities’ policy approach has been intensively implemented in European cities under the Horizon 2020 programme. Nevertheless, this chapter argues that smart cities’ policy implementations not only reduce the interdependencies among stakeholders to technocratic public-private-partnership (PPP) models but also fail to question the identities of strategic stakeholders and how they prioritise their business/social models. These aspects are increasingly putting democracy at stake in data-driven smart cities worldwide and particularly in European cities and regions. Therefore, this chapter aims to unfold and operationalise multi-stakeholders’ policy frameworks from the Social Innovation perspective by suggesting the ex novo Penta helix framework—including public, private, academia, civil society, and social entrepreneurs/activists—to extend the Triple and Quadruple helix frameworks. This chapter also applies the Penta helix framework comparatively in three follower cities of the H2020-Replicate project: Essen (Germany), Lausanne (Switzerland), and Nilüfer (Turkey).

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... The opinion above is also in accordance with (Calzada, 2021;Sturesson et al., 2009), multi-stakeholder policy operations include 5 important components, namely government, private sector, academics, civil society and entrepreneurs/social activists/media who are stakeholders. very strategic in the future. ...
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... Business/private parties in the Pentahelix Model acts as an enabler that delivers technology and capital infrastructure. Business/private parties are an entity that carries out business processes in creating added value and maintaining sustainable growth [49]. In the process of industrial development, business is important to implement business in the industrial sector which prioritizes ethics, professionalism, responsibility and sustainability [20,38]. ...
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