Birds Indentification Vol16(4), 2019

Abstract

Bird Identification and Basic Ornithology

Full text

Vol. 16(4), 2019
ISSN: 2277-9000 (Print)
Himalayan Ecology
Himalayan EcologyHimalayan Ecology
ISSN: 2455-6823 (Online)
1
i{kh igpku ,oa cqfu;knh i{kh foKku
izf'k{k.k ds nkSjku voyksfdr i{kh iztkfr;ksa
dh lwph ......i`"B 3
Bird Diversity and their Feeding Habits
.....Page 4
Himalayan Vulture: Introduction and
Role in Ecosystem
.....Page 5
vkbZfclfcy tyh; i{kh% lkekU; ifjp;
......i`"B 6
Bird watching Ethics and
Responsible Tourism .....Page 7
Birds Survey Methods
.....Page 8
Birds and their Ecosystem
.....Page 9
Birds of Wetlands in Corbett Park
Landscape
.....Page 10
Lophura leucomelanos Bird of Himalaya
......Page 10-11
Glimpses of Bird Identication GSDP
Course
......Page 11
i{kh igpku ,oa i{kh foKku izf'k{k.k
dk;ZØe ij ehfM;k dojst
.....i`"B 12
How GSDP Change their Lives
......Page 12
bl vad esa
gfjr dkS'ky fodkl dk;Zdze&th-,l-Mh-ih-
O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e ls ^gfjr* dkS'ky dks eq/;/kkjk esa ykuk( i;kZoj.k ,oa ou {ks= esa 2021 lkr
fefy;u Hkkjr ds ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj ,oa Lojkstxkj çkIr djus esa l{ke cukus ds fy, mudk dkS'ky fodkl djuk(
i;kZoj.kh; iz.kkyh ¼bufol½ ds fo'kky ra= ,oa fo'ks"kKrk dk mPpre mi;ksx djds jk"Vª fgr ds iz;kl tSls jk"Vª
fuekZ.k ¼,u-Mh-lh-½] lrr fodkl y{; ¼,lMhth½] jk"Vªh; tSo fofo/krk y{; ¼,uchVh½ ,oa vif'k"V çca/ku fu;e
¼2016½ dh fn'kk esa ;ksxnku nsuk gSA
th-,l-Mh-ih- dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjaHk
jk"VªO;kih gfjr dkS'ky dh vko';drk dks eglwl djrs gq,] Ik;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=ky; us
Ik;kZoj.kh; iz.kkyh ¼bufol½ }kjk lapkfyr ;kstuk ds rgr twu 2017 esa gfjr dkS'ky fodkl dk;Zdze ¼th-,l-Mh-
ih-½ dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA th-,l-Mh-ih- ds izeq[k mÌs';ksa esa ;qokvksa dks Ik;kZoj.k] ou ,oa oU;tho ds lEcU/k esa izf'kf{kr
djuk ,oa lrr rjhds ls Ik;kZoj.k vuqdwy vkthfodk ,oa Lojkstxkj ds fodYi iSnk djuk gSaA ekuuh;] Ik;kZoj.k]
ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=h us th-,l-Mh-ih- ij ,d eksckby ,Ik ds lkFk 14 ebZ] 2014 dks ,d bl gfjr dkS'ky
fodkl dk;Zdze dh 'kq:vkr dhA bl ,i ¼th-,l-Mh-ih- bufol½ esa th-,l-Mh-ih ds rgr le;≤ ij lapkfyr
gksus okys çf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa ds fo"k; esa cqfu;knh tkudkjh ekStwn gSA
i`"BHkwfe
Hkkjr nqfu;k dh nwljh lokZf/kd tuvkcknh okyk ns'k gksus ds dkj.k Ik;kZoj.k ,oa /kjrh dh lrrrk dks izkIr
djus gsrq] ns'k dh ;qok 'kfDr dks Ik;kZoj.k laj{k.k xfrfof/k;ksa esa 'kkfey djus gsrq Ik;kZIr lkeF;Z j[krk gSA bl
fn'kk esa] gfjr dkS'ky vk/kqfud HkkSfrdrk esa vFkZO;LFkk dks ^^gfjr vFkZO;LFkk** dh vksj mRizsfjr ;k vxzlj djus
dks ,d egRoiw.kZ igy gSA bl y{; dks izkIr djus ds fy,] ;qokvksa dks Ik;kZoj.kh; xfrfof/k;ksa esa vf/kd la[;k
esa Hkkxhnkjh djuh pkfg,A
mís';
gfjr dkS'ky fodkl dk;Zdze ds O;kid mís'; fuEufyf[kr gS&
¼v½ i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa oU;tho {ks=ksa esa ;qokvksa ds dkS'ky dk fodkl djuk
¼c½ lrr :i ls i;kZoj.k vuqdwy vkthfodk vkSj Lojkstxkj ds fodYi iSnk djukA
volj
bl izf'k{k.k ds mijkUr izf'k{k.kkFkhZ fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa tSls& i{kh;ksa ij vk/kkfjr i;ZVu lsokvksa
i{kh voyksdu] i{kh Nk;kadu] if{k;ksa dk i;kZoj.kh; v/;;u] 'kks/k&vUos"k.k] gkse LVs] i{kh i;ZVu
lapkyd ¼cMZ Vwj vkWijsVj½] i;ZVu ifjogu vfHkdrkZ jkstxkj ds :Ik esa Hkfo"; dh jkg fugkjrh gSA

ENVIS Team
Dr. Mahesha Nand, Program Ocer
V.C. Sharma, Information Ocer
Satish K. Sinha, IT Assistant
Vijay Singh, Datat Entry Operator
Editor's Note
ENVIS Newsleer on Himalayan Ecology Vol. 16(4), 2019
2
A Quarterly Publication Vol. 16(4), 2019
ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology
e “ENVIS Centre on
Himalayan Ecology” is housed at
G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan
Environment and Sustainable Development
(GBPNIHESD), Kosi-Katarmal, Almora,
Uttarakhand, which is an autonomous
Institute of Ministry of Environment, Forest &
Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government
of India, New Delhi, India.
Coordinator ENVIS
Dr. G.C.S. Negi
Scientist-G
Editor-in-Chief
Dr. R.S. Rawal
Director
Executive Editor
Dr. G.C.S. Negi
Editorial Board
Dr. Eklabya Sharma, FNA
Dr. G.S. Rawat, FNASC
Prof. A.R. Nautiyal
ENVIS Team
Dr. Mahesha Nand, Programme Ocer
Mr. V.C. Sharma, Information Ocer
Mr. S.K. Sinha, IT Ocer
Mr. V. S. Bisht, Data Entry Operator
Disclaimer: e information furnished in this
Newsletter is based on the inputs received from
authors/organizations; the Institute/editorial board
will not be responsible for any mistake, misprint or
factual error, if any.
e authors are solely responsible for the scientic
facts presented herein and the copyrights for any
reproduced/ quoted lines from other sources. All
rights reserved.
e views expressed in the Newsletter are the
authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily
represent those of the organizations they represent.
fgeky; dh xksn esa clk mRrjk[k.M jkT;] fo'o esa i{kh voyksdu drkZvksa dh ,d ilanhnk txg gSA
mPp fgeky; fd J`a[kykvksa f”kokfyd] Hkkoj iV~Vh ,oa rjkbZ ds {ks=ksa] izkd`frd lzksrksa] thounk;uh
ty/kkjkvksa] rky iks[kjksa] tyk'k;ksa ds lkfU/k; esa N% jk"Vªh; fudqatksa] lkr oU;tho fogkjksa ,oa rhu laj{k.k
{ks=ksa ds lg;ksx ls pkSng i{kh fo'ks"k {ks=ksa dh ekStwnxh mRrjk[k.M dh i{kh fofo/krk dks ,d u;k vk;ke
iznku djrh gSA ifj.kke Lo:Ik Hkkjr dh dqy 1300 i{kh iztkfr;ksa esa ls 700 ls vf/kd i{kh;ksa dh iztkfr;k¡
mRrjk[k.M dks ,d fo'ks"k i{kh fofo/krk okys jkT; dk lEeku fnykrk gS] vkSj ;gh izeq[k otg gS fd fo'o
ds vf/kdka'k i{kh izseh] i{kh oSKkfud ,oa Nk;kdkjksa dks mRrjk[k.M esa Hkze.k gsrq izsfjr djrh gSA jkT;
dh tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k i;kZoj.k ds lao/kZu esa viuk vHkwriwoZ ;ksxnku nsrh gS lkFk gh jkT; esa vkfFkZd
jktLo ,oa jkstxkj ds fy, ,d ubZ fn'kk r; djrh gS tks fd i;kZoj.kh; i;ZVu gsrq jkg [kksyrh gSA
fgeky;h jkT; mRrjk[k.M esa ifjUnksa dk eueksgd ilUnhnk ?kj] vrqY; fofo/krk ds fy, mRrjk[k.M dh tSo
fofo/krk dks iksf"kr djrk gSA mPp fgeky; dh fgekPNkfnr ioZr J`a[kyk,sa] f'kokfyd ds gjs Hkjs igk³ ,oa rjkbZ
Hkkoj dh vn~Hkqr HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr;kW unh ukys] tyk'k; cjcl i{kh;ksa dks viuk vkf'k;kuk cukus ds fy, muds
vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks rS;kj djrh gS] ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkjr esa i{kh iztkfr;ksa fd fofo/krk esa ls ipkl izfr”kr
ls vf/kd mRrjk[k.M esa ikbZ tkrh gSA fgeky; dh xksn esa fLFkr mRrjk[k.M jkT; viuh lH;rk ds lkFk lkFk
fof'k"V i{kh fofo/krk dk mnkgj.k leLr fo'o esa izLrqr djrk gSA bruh vf/kd i{kh iztkfr;ksa ls lTTk mRrjk[k.M
Lor% gh i{kh izsfe;ksa dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djrk gS ,oa mRrjk[k.M ds i;kZoj.k lao/kZu ds lkFk&lkFk if{k;ksa ij
vk/kkfjr i;ZVu ,oa 'kks/k&vUos"k.kksa dks Hkh izLrqr djrk gSA Hkkjr lfgr laiw.kZ fo'o esa i{kh izsfe;ksa fd la[;k
fujarj c<+ jgh gS] ftlls i{kh;ksa ij vk/kkfjr i;ZVu lsokvksa tSls i{kh voyksdu] i{kh Nk;kadu] if{k;ksa dk
i;kZoj.kh; v/;;u] 'kks/k&vUos"k.k] gkse LVs] i{kh i;ZVu lapkyd ¼cMZ Vwj vkWijsVj½] i;ZVu ifjogu vfHkdrkZ
jkstxkj ds :Ik esa Hkfo"; dh jkg fugkjrh gSA ifjanksa ds eueksgd lalkj dks le>us ds fy, gesa if{k;ksa dks ns[kus
dh dyk lh[kus dh ftKklk ds lkFk&lkFk jkstxkj ds pgqeq[kh jkg dks [kksyrh gSA i{kh;ksa ds thou esa :fPk
,oa fujarj lh[kus dh ftKklk] midj.kksa rFkk <`< bPNk'kfDr dh lgk;rk ls bl dyk dks lh[kk tk ldrk gSA
i{kh voyksdu ftlds fy, jkT; esa dbZ i{kh fo'ks"kK xSj ljdkjh laLFkk,sa] i;kZoj.kh; laLFkku] jkT; ou
foHkkx] Hkkjrh; oU; tho laLFkku] bZdks VwfjTe foax tSlh laLFkk,sa] i{kh voyksdu 'kks/k ,oa vuos"k.k] bZdks
i;ZVu] i{kh i;ZVu ds fofHkUu vk;keksa dks lwfpr dj jgs gSA mijksDr ds en~nsutj th0ch0iar i;kZoj.k
laLFkku ds bufol dsUnz }kjk i;kZoj.k ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds gfjr dkS'ky fodkl
dk;ZØe ds vUrZxr 11&26 tuojh 2020 ds nkSjku i{kh igpku ,oa cqfu;knh i{kh foKku ij dsfUnzr ,d
izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu fd;kA bl dk;ZØe esa mŸkjk[k.M ds fofHkUu ftyksa ls p;fur 17 izfrHkkfx;ksa
dks 25 fofHkUu fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa }kjk izf'kf{kr djds mUgsa ekLVj izf'k{kd ds :Ik esa rS;kj fd;k x;k rkfd
og bl dkS'ky dks viuh vkthfodk laoZ/ku ds lkFk&lkFk if{k;ksa ds laj{k.k dh fn'kk esa Hkh dk;Z dj ldsaA
mDr izf'k{k.k esa Hkkjrh; oU; tho laLFkku] nsgjknwu] ou foHkkx jkeuxj] xzkfQd ,sjk nsgjknwu] i;ZVu
foHkkx] dkcsZV us'kuy ikdZ] jkeuxj ds izf'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa ds vfrfjDr i;kZoj.k laLFkku ds oSKkfudksa ,oa
'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa us Hkh bl fo"k; ij izf'k{k.k fn;kA izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dks fofHkUu i{kh vkoklksa] [kku&iku]
iztuu ,oa muds izoklksa vkfn ds fo"k; esa foLr`r tkudkjh nh x;hA if{k;ksa ds voyksdu gsrq {ks=h;
Hkze.kksa esa dkcsZV ySaMLdsi] ioyx<+ lajf{kr {ks= jkeuxj] oksj] gfjiqjk] rqefM+;k] tyk'k;ksa] uSuk nsoh i{kh
{ks=] uSuhrky] fcUlj oU; fogkj] vYeksM+k bR;kfn LFkkuks ij ik;s x;s vkoklh; i{kh;ksa dk foLr`r v/;;u
fd;kA bl izf'k{k.k ds nkSjku izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa }kjk yxHkx 195 i{kh iztkfr;ksa dk voyksdu fd;k ,oa
muds vkokl] [kku&iku lEcU/kh tkudkjh;k¡ ,d= dhA buesa ls lokZf/kd oU; {ks= ¼79 i{kh iztkfr;¡aka½]
>kfM+;kWa ¼29 iztkfr;k¡½] uEk Hkwfe ¼27 iztkfr;k¡½] unh ¼20 iztkfr;¡ak½] d`f"k {ks= ¼17 iztkfr;k¡½] ekuo
vkokl ¼8 iztkfr;k¡½] loZ= ¼9 iztkfr;k¡½ ,oa [kqys eSnkuksa ,oa pkjkxkgksa esa Øe'k% 3&3 iztkfr;k¡ ikbZ xbZA
blls Li"V gksrk gS fd ouksa] >kfM+;ksa ,oa ue Hkwfe@ufn;ka if{k;ksa dk ialnhnk vkokl gS ¼rkfydk 1½A
fxjh'k usxh1] cph fc"V2 ,oa jkts’k HkÍ2
Course Name Bird Identication and Basic Ornithology
Batch Size 15
Date 11-26 January 2020
Course Duration 160 hours
Eligibility/ NSQF Level 12th , 10th and Drop out/ Level 5
Number of course modules 20
Number of Resource persons 13
Mode of deliverations Onscreen presentation, Hands on Training
and exposure visit
izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dh i`"BHkwfe
The “ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology”
collects, collates, compiles and builds quantitative
and qualitative databases of information in
the elds related to the Himalayan Ecology.
The information is disseminated regulary via
online as well as hardcopies to several valuable
stakeholders and various users such as DICs,
universities, institutions along with other
ENVIS Centres across India to support overall
Environmental Information System in India.

ENVIS Team
Dr. Mahesha Nand, Program Ocer
V.C. Sharma, Information Ocer
Satish K. Sinha, IT Assistant
Vijay Singh, Datat Entry Operator
ENVIS Newsleer on Himalayan Ecology Vol. 16(4), 2019
3
ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology izf'k{k.k ds nkSjku voyksfdr i{kh iztkfr;ksa dh lwph
Common Name Scientic name
Agriculture Habitat
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Crested tree Swi Hemiprocne coronata
Indian Robin Copsychus fulicatus
Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis
Indian White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus
Long billed Pipit Anthus similis
Red naped Ibis Pseudibis papillosa
Wooly necked Stork Ciconia episcopus
Agriculture elds
Spotted Owlet Athene brama
Agriculture/ Orchard
Oriental magpie
Robin
Copsychus saularis
Riverine/ Agriculture Habitat
Red wattled
Lapwing
Vanellus indicus
White throated
Kingsher
Halcyon smyrnensis
Agriculture/Wetland
Grey Heron Ardea cinerea
Cosmo
Common Babbler Argya caudata
Blue whistling
rush
Myophonus caeruleus
Common Hoopoe Upupa epops
Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus
Rock Pigeon Columba livia
Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
Forest
Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus
Bar tailed
Treecreeper
Certhia himalayana
Black Bulbul Hypsipetes
leucocephalus
Black crested
Bulbul
Pycnonotus aviventris
Black faced Warbler Abroscopus schisticeps
Black headed Jay Garrulus lanceolatus
Black hooded
Oriole
Oriolus xanthornus
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros
Black rumped
Woodpecker
Dinopium benghalense
Black throated
Sunbird
Aethopyga saturata
Blue bearded Bee-
eater
Nyctyornis athertoni
Blue capped
Redstart
Phoenicurus
coeruleocephala
Blue fronted
Redstart
Phoenicurus frontalis
Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus
Brown capped
Pygmy Woodpecker
Yungipicus nanus
Brown sh Owl Ketupa zeylonensis
Brown fronted
Woodpecker
Dendrocoptes auriceps
Brown headed
Barbet
Psilopogon zeylanicus
Changeable hawk
Eagle
Nisaetus cirrhatus
Chestnut bellied
Nuthatch
Sitta cinnamoventris
Chestnut bellied
rock rush
Monticola ruventris
Chestnut crowned
Laughingthrush
Trochalopteron
erythrocephalum
Coal Tit Periparus ater
Collared Falconet Microhierax
caerulescens
Common Iora Aegithina tiphia
Common Rosench Carpodacus erythrinus
Crested serpant
Eagle
Spilornis cheela
Eurasian collared
Dove
Streptopelia decaocto
Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius
Fire breasted
Flowerpecker
Dicaeum ignipectus
Fulvous breasted
Woodpecker
Dendrocopos macei
Golden fronted
Leaird
Chloropsis aurifrons
Great barbet Psilopogon virens
Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis
Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes
guttacristatus
Greater Yellownape Chrysophlegma
avinucha
Green backed Tit Parus monticolus
Common Green
Magpie
Cissa chinensis
Grey capped pygmy
Woodpecker
Yungipicus canicapillus
Grey headed canary
Flycatcher
Culicicapa ceylonensis
Grey Treepie Dendrocitta formosae
Grey winged
Blackbird
Turdus boulboul
Himalayan Bluetail Tarsiger rulatus
Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys
Himalayan
Woodpecker
Dendrocopos
himalayensis
Indian jungle Crow Corvus culminatus
Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum
Large billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos
Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus
Lineated Barbet Psilopogon lineatus
Long tailed Minivet Pericrocotus ethologus
Maroon Oriole Oriolus traillii
Mountain hawk
Eagle
Nisaetus nipalensis
Orange bellied
Leaird
Chloropsis hardwickii
Oriental pied
Hornbill
Anthracoceros
albirostris
Oriental turtle
Dove
Streptopelia orientalis
Red billed blue
Magpie
Urocissa erythroryncha
Red breasted
Flycatcher
Ficedula parva
Rufous bellied
Eagle
Lophotriorchis kienerii
Rufous bellied
Niltava
Niltava sundara
Rufous bellied
Woodpecker
Dendrocopos
hyperythrus
Rufous gorgeted
Flycatcher
Ficedula strophiata
Rufous Sibia Heterophasia capistrata
Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda
Shikra Accipiter badius
Slaty blue
Flycatcher
Ficedula tricolor
Spangled Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus
Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus
White collared
Blackbird
Turdus albocinctus
White crested
Laughingthrush
Garrulax leucolophus
White tailed
Nuthatch
Sitta himalayensis
White throated
Fantail
Rhipidura albicollis
White throated
Laughingthrush
Pterorhinus albogularis
Forest Cosmopolitan
Black Kite Milvus migrans
Forest/Agriculture
Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus
Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus
Forest/Human habitation
Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis
Forest/Orchard
Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja
Slaty headed
Parakeet
Psittacula himalayana
Yellow footed green
Pigeon
Treron phoenicoptera
Forest/Scrub
Great Tit Parus major
Grassland
Grey Francolin Francolinus
pondicerianus

ENVIS Team
Dr. Mahesha Nand, Program Ocer
V.C. Sharma, Information Ocer
Satish K. Sinha, IT Assistant
Vijay Singh, Datat Entry Operator
4
ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology
.....
fte dkcsZV jk"Vªh; m|ku ns'k dk loZizFke jk"Vªh; m|ku
gSA ftldh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1936 esa yqIr gks pqds jkW;y
caxky VkbZxj dh j{kk rFkk mudh ?kVrh la[;k ds dkj.k
dh x;hA 1936 esa bldk uke gSyh us'kuy ikdZ j[kk
x;kA 1947 esa Hkkjr dks Lora=rk feyus ds i'pkr
ikdZ dk uke ifjofrZr dj jke xaxk jk"Vªh; m|ku j[k
fn;kA ck?kksa ds laj{k.k esa ,doMZ tsEl dkcsZV ds vHkwriwoZ
;ksxnku ds dkj.k fte dkcsZV ds 19 viSzy 1955 esa xqtj
tkus ds ckn mudh Le`fr esa ikdZ dk uke iqu% cnydj
fte dkcsZV jk"Vªh; m|ku j[kk x;kA ;gkW dh uSlfxZd
lqUnjrk dks 'kCnksa esa fijksa ikuk okdbZ eqf'dy gSA ;gk¡
dh lqUnjrk ea= eqX/k dj nsrh gSA 1973 esa bls ns'k dk
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rsanqvksa dk f'kdkj dj LFkkuh; yksxksa dks bl Hk; ls eqDr
fd;kA fte ftl ck?k ;k rsanq,s dk f'kdkj djrs mldk
?kj ij fujh{k.k djrsA vius fujh{k.k o vuqHko ls mUgsa
Kkr gqvk fd vkne[kksj ck?kksa o rsanqvksa ds 'kjhj esa igys
ls pksV ds fu'kku ekStwn Fks tks fd rhj xksyh o pksV ds
fu'kku Fks] ftl dkj.k ls og f'kdkj dj ikus esa vleZFk
gks tkrs o euq";ksa dk f'kdkj djrs FksA mudks feyh bl
tudkjh ls fte dk utfj;k iw.kZ :i ls cny x;k rFkk
og f'kdkjh ls laj{kd esa cny x;sA fte csgn ljy rFkk
O;ogkfjd FksA fte ds vUnj vusd izfrHkk,sa Fkh ftuds
izek.k vkt Hkh muds ?kj tks fd vkt E;wft;e gS mlesa
ns[ks tk ldrs gSA fte ,d csgrj c<bZ] nokbZ;ksa] taxyksa
,oa if{k;ksa ds tkudkj rFkk ,d csgrjhu ys[kd Hkh FksA
fte us 6 iqLrdsa fy[kh Fkh tks fd fuEu gS%
1- Man eaters of Kumaun, 2- Man eating Leopard
of Rudraprayag, 3- My India,
4- Jungle lore, 5- e temple Tiger and more man
eaters of Kumaun, 6- Tree tops.
laj{k.k o tkx:drk esa muds bl leiZ.k dh otg ls
gh bl izFke us'kuy ikdZ dk uke fte dkcsZV jk"Vªh;
m|ku j[kk x;k D;ksafd muds fy, ;s taxy ugh ?kj gSA
bldk dqy {ks=Qy 1318-54 oxZ fdeh-] izeq[k {ks= 520-8
oxZ fdeh-] cQj {ks= 797-72 oxZ fdeh gSA dkcsZV us'kuy
ikdZ dks lSykfu;ksa ds fy, izfro"kZ 15 uoEcj ls 15 twu
rd [kksyk tkrk gSA dqy 6 i;ZVd tksu lSykfu;ksa ds
fy, lQkjh ds fy, ikdZ )kjk [kksys x;s gSA
1- f<dkyk tksu] 2- ctjkuh tksu] 3- f>juk tksu ]4-
<syk tksu 5- nqxkZnsoh tksu] 6- ik[kjksa@lksukunh tksu
o"kkZ _rq esa izfro"kZ 15 twu ls 15 uoEcj rd ikdZ dks
lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls i;ZVdksa dks can j[kk tkrk gSA ;gkW
dk eq[; vkd"kZ.k caxky VkbZxj i;ZVdksa dks viuh vksj
vkdfIkZr djrk gSA
;g dkcsZV VkbZxj fjtoZ ck?kksa dks lajf{kr dj ?kVrh
la[;k dks vkt ,d vPNh la[;k esa lajf{kr dj pwdk
gSA orZeku esa gqbZ ck?k x.kuk ds vuqlkj mRrjk[k.M esa
yxHkx 400 ck?kksa dh mifLFkfr ds izek.k feys gS tks fd
dSejk VªSfiax ds ek/;e ls dh x;h x.kuk ds vuqlkj gSA
ftlesa ls dkcsZV us'kuy ikdZ esa yxHkx 240 ck?kksa dh
mifLFkfr ntZ dh xbZA ;g x.kuk o vkd³sa bl ckj ck?kksa
dh Qyrh&Qwyrh vkcknh ds 'kqHk lwpd gSA ikdZ iz'kklu
dk laj{k.k lkFkZd fl) gksrk izrhr gksrk gSA
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ENVIS Newsleer on Himalayan Ecology Vol. 16(4), 2019
fte dkcsZV jk"Vªh; m|ku ¼tSo fofo/krk½
Frugivorous (Fruit-Eating birds)
Frugivorous describes a diet that consists primarily (though not necessarily exclusively) of
fruit, including tree fruits as well as berries. Frugivorous birds oen have specialized bills to
help them eat fruit most eciently by cutting through or removing the skin, husk, or hull of
preferred fruits. Some of the most popular fruits birds consume include: Blackbirds, Grackles,
Magpies Chickadees, Tits, Titmice, Grosbeaks, Tanagers, Kingbirds, Vireos, rushes,
Mockingbirds, rashers, Quail, Grouse, Pheasants, Wild Turkey, Woodpecker, Wrens.
(ii) Avivorous (Small bird eating birds)
An avivorous bird eats other birds. is is a popular diet for many of the smaller
raptors, such as accipiters, which oen prey on backyard birds. Several larger raptors
will also prey on doves or pigeons. Red-tailed hawks and peregrine falcons in cities
are top avivorous raptors since the pigeon populations are so abundant in urban
areas. Large raptors may also take ducks or other water birds as prey when available.
(iii) Carnivorous (Flesh eating birds)
Carnivorous birds eat meat, including rodents, mammals, sh, amphibians, and reptiles. All birds
of prey are carnivorous, as are many other birds including dierent shorebirds, corvids, and wading
birds. A carnivorous bird may hunt and catch its own meat, or it could also prey on carrion. Vultures
are carrion-eating carnivores, and many other birds will also sample carcasses as an easy meal.
(iv) Granivorous (Grain eating birds)
A granivore eats grains or seeds primarily. Many birds are granivorous, including many sparrows
and nches. ese are easy birds to attract to the backyard with dierent types of birdseed. Planting
seed-bearing owers in the yard or opting for ornamental grasses are easy ways to provide natural
foods for granivores. Many of these birds also eat large amounts of weed seeds or spilled grain in elds.
Insectivorous (Insect eating birds)
Insectivorous birds are specialized carnivores that feed on insects, from gnats to mosquitoes
to dragonies. Flycatchers and warblers are insectivorous, and most birds will eat insects to
feed hatchlings sucient protein for healthy growth. Other types of birds that are primarily
insectivorous all their lives include swallows, swis, martins, dippers, and nighthawks.
(vi) Molluscivorous (Mollusc eating birds)
A molluscivorous bird feeds on mollusks such as snails, slugs or oysters. Many shorebirds
are molluscivores and will forage at low tide for clams and oysters. Other molluscivorous
birds forage in tidal ats or swamps. Limpkins are mollusk specialists, and many
other wading birds and corvids also eat mollusks. A molluscivorous bird may drop
its food from a great height to help crack tough shells, so the meat is easier to access.
(vii) Mucivorous (Plant juices eating birds)
Mucivorous birds feed on the mucus of plants and trees, namely sap. Few birds are solely
mucivorous, but woodpeckers, waxwings, kinglets, and warblers all have a mucivorous
component to their diets. Birds may drill into trees to release sap to sip, or they may
take advantage of larger wounds on trees to access sap with less eort. Other birds will
pick insects out of sap, but don't eat the sap and wouldn't be considered mucivores.
(viii) Nectivorous (Nectar eating birds)
A nectivore feeds on ower nectar, and the most well-known nectivorous birds are the more
than 300 species of hummingbirds in the world. Other popular nectivores include honeycreepers
and sunbirds, and nectivorous birds will visit both owers and nectar feeders. Many other
birds will also eat some nectar, including nches, woodpeckers, chickadees, and orioles.
(ix) Ophiophagous (Snake eating birds)
An ophiophagous bird is a snake-eater, a specialized type of skilled carnivore. e snake
eagle family of birds are ophiophagous, and the secretary bird is one of the most well-known
snake-eating birds. Many larger wading birds, such as herons and egrets, will also eat any
snakes they can catch. Raptors, including hawks and owls, will also catch and eat snakes.
(x) Palynivorous (Pollen eating birds)
Few birds are strictly palynivorous, or pollen-eating. Many nectivorous or insectivorous birds will
consume some pollen while foraging, however, even if it is an inadvertent snack. is can be critical
to help pollinate owers to encourage additional blooms that will replenish the birds' essential
nectar supply. Pollen does provide some minor nutrients and minerals to the birds that consume it.
(xi) Piscivorous (Fish eating birds)
Piscivorous birds are carnivores that enjoy a diet of sh. e most well-known piscivore is the
osprey, but other raptors, mergansers, and cormorants are piscivorous. Penguins, puns and
other aquatic birds are also largely piscivorous. Some of these birds may cause problems in sport
shing areas because they consume so many sh, and they may be culled if the problem is severe.
(xii) Omnivorous (Animal and plant eating birds)
e term omnivorous describes the diet of many birds – eating everything and anything. Ducks
are well-known omnivores, and many birds will at least sample other types of food even if they
prefer one type of diet more exclusively. To be considered omnivorous, a bird should have a widely
varied diet and eat all types of foods, rather than showing just a few strong preferences.
Feeding Habits of Birds and their adaptation
Pradeep Singh
GSDP, Trainee
Bird Diversity and their Feeding Habits

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ENVIS Newsleer on Himalayan Ecology Vol. 16(4), 2019
5
fgeka'kq fFk:ok]
Tkh0,l0Mh0ih0] izf'k{k.kkFkhZ
Himalayan Vulture: Introduction and Role in Ecosystem
tSo fofo/krk& fte dkcsZV jk"Vªh; m|ku tSo fofo/krk n`f"V ls csgn /kuh gSA ;gkW
rdjhcu o`{kksa dh 110 iztkfr;ksa] if{k;ksa dh yxHkx 580 iztkfr;kW vkSj ljhl`iksa
dh 25 iztkfr;kW ik;h tkrh gSA ;s lHkh m|ku ds fupys vkSj mijh nksuksa {ks=ksa esa
ik;s tkrs gSA
eq[; oU; tho& jkW;y caxky VkbZxj] ,f'k;kbZ gkFkh] rsanqvk] LykWFk fc;j]
,f'k;k;hd CySd fc;j] iSaxksfy;u] taxyh lwvj] taxyh dqRrs] mnfcykÅ] ?kf³;ky]
exjePN] uhy xk;] fl;kj] phry] lkWHkj] dkd³] ik.Mk] ;Yyks FkzhVsM ekfVZu]
usoyk] dNqvk] yaxwj] taxyh fcYyh] [kjxks'k vkfnA
nqyZHk iztkfr& iSaxksfy;u] mnfcykÅ] taxyh dqRrs] ;Yyks FkzhVsM ekfVZu] ?kf³;ky]
exjePN] vkfnA
i{kh& dkcsZV jk"Vªh; m|ku esa 600 ls vf/kd LFkkuh; rFkk izoklh i{kh;ksa dh
iztkfr;kW ikbZ tkrh gSA Hkkjr esa i{kh;ksa dh yxHkx 1300 iztkfr;kW ik;h tkrh gSA
ftuesa ls yxHkx 600 iztkfr;kW dkcsZV us'kuy ikdZ esa ik;h tkrh gS ftls ns[kus
izfro"kZ lSykfu;ksa dk rk¡rk yxk jgrk gSA dbZ nqyZHk iztkfr;kW ikbZ tkrh gSA fte
dkcsZV us'kuy ikdZ esa if{k;ksa dh iztkfr;ksa dks 5 Jsf.k;ksa esa ckVk¡ x;k gSA
tyh; ,oa rVh; i{kh& dkyh xnZu okyk LVkdZ] cattle E- gret, Grey horny,
White capped red start, etc. djhc 15 izdkj dh cr[ksa rFkk dbZ izdkj ds [katu
feyrh gSA
f'kdkjh i{kh& Crested serpert Eagle, cleangable Hawk Eagle, Ref headed
vulture, Himalayan grion vultures.
jkf= i{kh& Brown sh owl, spotted owlet, night jar, Indian scops owl, etc.
oqM ySM i{kh& Hornbills, Piegon, rush, Babless, Wood pecker, Weinel
bird, etc.
gokbZ i{kh& Alpine swi, Martin, Swallow etc.
Lru/kkjh& ckfdZax fM;j] lkWHkj] dkd³] phry vkfnA
eNfy;kW& xwaN] Hkkjrh; VªkmM] xksYMu egk'khj] jksgwW vkfnA
ljhl`i& ?kf³;ky] exjePN] Hkkjrh; vtxj] fdax dkscjk vkfnA
ouLifr& lky] 'kh'ke] gYnw] csj] lsey] jksfguh] lkxkSu vkfnA
dkcsZV us'kuy ikdZ esa i{kh i;ZVu % Hkkjr esa ik;h tkus okyh 1300 iztkfr;ksa esa ls
yxHkx 600 iztkfr;k¡ ik;s tkus ds dkj.k ;gkW i{kh thou dh vFkkg lEHkkouk,sa gSA
i{kh izsfe;ksa ds fy, ;g LoZx gSA i{kh foKkuh ubZ iztkfr;ksa fd [kkst esa fujUrj
iz;kljr gSA oMZ okfpax ds }kjk jkstxkj rFkk tkx:drk nksuksa ykHkdkjh gSA blls
yqIrizk; i{kh iztkfr;ksa ds laj{k.k o tkx:drk esa lgk;rk feysxhA izoklh i{kh
tSls& lq[kkcZ] vkbZfjl fcy] vkfn if{k;ksa dks ns[kus ds fy, i;ZVd nwj nwj ls
dkcsZV igqaprs gSa rFkk ekpZ vUr rd okil pys tkrs gSaA dkcsZV jk"Vªh; m|ku esa
i{kh Ik;ZVu ,d vPNk jkstxkj gks ldrk gSA ;gk¡ ij jksxtkj dh vikj lEHkkouk,sa
gSA vUr esa ;g dguk vfr”;ksfDr ugh gksxk fd ;s taxy ugha ?kj gSA
izf'k{k.k ds nkSjku vyx&vyx i{kh vkoklksas] Hkkstu] iztuu vkfn ds fo"k; esa
foLr`r tkudkjh nh x;h rFkk dkcsZV us'kuy ikdZ esas Hkze.k ds nkSjku fofHkUu izdkj
ds i{kh iztkfr;ksa] i'kq iztkfr;ksas] tytho iztkfr] ljhl`i iztkfr;ksa] ,oa fofHkUu
izdkj ds nqyHkZ tho tUrq ,oa ouLifr iztkfr;ksa dk voyksdu fd;k x;k rFkk
buds laj{k.k ds fo"k; dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bu iztkfr;ksa ds voyksdu djus
ds fy, ljdkj }kjk cus fu;eksa dk dBksjrk ls ikyu djus dh vko';drk gSA
{ks=h; Hkze.k ds nkSjku i;ZVdksa dks mijksDr iztkfr;ksa ds fo"k; ,oa muds laj{k.k
gsrq lEiw.kZ tkudkjh voxr djk;h tk;h ftlls lacaf/kr iztkfr dk laj{k.k Lo;a
Lrj ij fd;k tk ldsA
Vultures are the species of million of the years of evolution, today
critically endangered. e vultures are greatest and most ecient
scavenger on the planet. Vultures are top in food chain keeping natural
habitat to free the earth from dead and decaying carcasses. ey play
vital ecological role as decomposer along with bacteria and others,
hence the vultures are vital link between dead and alive. e vultures
are among the species that are slow breeders. ey produce only
one ospring in a year though the population grow slowly. In 1980s,
India had the highest density of Vultures in the world, thousands of
vultures could seen gliding around the sky. First population decline
of vultures were reported from Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur,
Rajasthan. e veterinary drug Diclofenac was found to be the real
culprit, which is a non-steroidal, anti-inammatory drug for both
animals and humans. Because of its low price and easy availability
it soon took over all veterinary market especially in rural areas.
e drug caused a disorder in the excretory system of vultures
that the main reason of their death. When vultures scavenge the
Diclofenac enters in their body. Birds excretes uric acid from the
body. e uric acid crystals accumulate in visceral organ causes
visceral gout leading to dehydration, kidney failure and eventually
the death of vulture. Now the Diclofenac is completely banned
in India. Instead of Diclofenac, Meloxicam is tested successfully
to be safe and eective but Meloxicam is too much expensive.
Today the vulture population has crashed to the level so that it may
never fully recover. e world most ecient scavenges is today sliding
towards extinction. is has created a serious ecological imbalance
in the nature, the eects of which are visible all around us. e stench
of deteriorating carcasses is alarm to mankind, of the loss of critical
link of eco-system right before our eye. To conserve these marvelous
creatures, conservation and breeding programmes has been initiated
by Indian Government, Bombay Natural History Society(BNHS)
with collaborative eort of, ‘Darwin initiative for the survival of
species’ fund to investigate the dramatic decline in Indian Gyps
species of vulture in 2001. Four research centres has been assigned
the task under this conservation programme which are as follows:
1. Jatayu Conservation Breeding Centre, Pinjore, Haryana
2. Vulture Conservation Breeding Centre, Rajabhatkhawa, West
Bengal
3. Vulture Conservation Breeding Centre, Rani, Assam
4. Vulture Conservation Breeding Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
is led to pioneering research that has further led to successful
breeding of the three species of vultures. Every years new edglings
and by 2019, over 600 vultures have been successfully reared in the
four centres. e stage is now set for the captive-bred vultures to be
released into the wild. Although the acute eect of Diclofenac is well
known.
It’s possible that chronic exposure to other toxins. Pesticides, could
cause major threat to the population of number of species. If we
are really serious about conservation of this species. Biodiversity is
need of nature because a thing can destroy in a second, which have
been build in centuries. I observed Vultures sp. decline slowly from
past few years. e main reason of this is anthropogenic activites and
wide use of DDT and diclofenac drug.
Vikas Kumar Maurya,
GSDP, Trainee
iaxksV Hkze.k ds nkSjku if{k;ksa dh igpku djrss izf'k{k.kkFkhZ

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6
ENVIS Newsleer on Himalayan Ecology Vol. 16(4), 2019
vkbZfclfcy tyh; i{kh% lkekU; ifjp;
tho foKku esa ,fol~ (Ave s) Js.kh ds tUrqvksa dks i{kh dgrs gSaA] ;s v.Mk
nsus okys gksrs gSaA budk lEiw.kZ 'kjhj ukSdkdkj vkSj ia[kksa ls <dk gksrk gSA
'kjhj flj] xnZu] /kM vkSj iwaN esa foHkä jgrk gSA vxzikn MSuksa esa :ikUrfjr
gksrs gSa o tcM+s] pksap esa :ikUrfjr gks tkrs gSa ftuesa nk¡r ugha ik;s tkrs
gSaA i{kh lcls vf/kd lqUnj ,oa vkd"kZd çk.kh gSa] ijUrq ia[k jgrs gq,
Hkh dqN i{kh mM ugha ldrs gSa ijUrq vf/kdrj i{kh vkdk'k esa mM+rs gSaA
mRifÙk% thok'e vkSj tSfod lk{; ds vk/kkj ij] vf/kdka'k oSKkfud
Lohdkj djrs gSa fd i{kh f=inh; Mk;uklksj dh ,d fo'ks"k milewg gSA
vkgkj ,oa ty xzg.k dh {kerk
i{kh fofo/k çdkj ds Hkkstu dks xzg.k djrs gSa ftueas ijkx] Qy] ikS/ksa] cht]
lM+k gqvk ekal vkSj fofHkUu NksVs tkuoj if{k;ksa ds Hkkstu esa 'kkfey gSaA
D;ksafd if{k;ksa ds nk¡r ugha ik;s tkrsa gS] vr% os Hkkstu dks iw.kZ :i ls
fuxy tkrs gSaA ;s çfØ;k muds Hkkstu ds ikpu fØ;k ds fy, vuqdwfyr gSA
vf/kdka'k i{kh ikuh dks viuh pksap esa Hkj viuk flj mBk dj ihrs gSaA dqN
çtkfr;k¡ fo'ks"k :i ls 'kq"d {ks=ksa esa] tSls& dcwrj] ekmlcMZ] cVu&cVsj
vkSj cLVMZ ifjokjksa ls lacaf/kr i{kh gSa] tks vius flj dks ihNs >qdkus ds
fcuk ikuh ihus esa l{ke gksrs gSA if{k;ksa dks ikuh dh t#jr gksrh gS] gkykafd
muds mRltZu vkSj ilhus dh xzafFk;ksa ds u gksus ls 'kkjhfjd ekax de jgrh
gSA dqN jsfxLrkuh i{kh vius Hkkstu dh ueh ls ikuh dh t:jr dks çkIr
dj ysrs gSaA leqæh i{kh leqæh ty ih ldrs gSa vkSj flj ds Hkhrj ued
dh xzafFk;ka gksrh gS] tks ukfldk ls vfrfjä ued dks [kRe dj nsrh gSaA
i{kh çokl ,aaao çtuu
dbZ i{kh çtkfr;ka rkieku ds oSf'od varj dk ykHk mBkus ds fy, çokl djrh
gSa] rFkk [kk| lzksrksa vkSj çtuu gsrw fuokl dh miyC/krk ij vuqdwyu djrh
gSaA ;s iyk;u ¼migration½ fofHkUu lewgksa ds chp vyx&vyx gksrs gSaA çokl
¼migration½ ls igys] i{kh 'kjhj esa olk ds HkaMkj dks dkQh c<+krs gSa] vkSj vius
dqN vaxksa ds vkdkj dks de dj ysrs gSaA dqN i{kh çtkfr;k¡ NksVs çokl djrh
gSa] tks dh dsoy [kjkc ekSle ls cpus ;k Hkkstu çkfIr dss fy, vko';d gSA
yEch nwjh ij lVhd LFkkuksa ij iqu% ykSVus okys vnHkqr {kerk ds fy, i{kh tkus
tkrs gS] i{kh fofHkUu rjhdksa dk mi;ksx djds çokl ds nkSjku usfoxsV djrs gSaA
if{k;ksa dh çtkfr;ksa esa vf/kdre lkekftd :i ls ,dkaxh gSaA ;s
if{k;ksa dk tksM+k U;wure çtuu dky rd ;k vusd o"kksaZ rd ;k lkFkh
dh e`R;q rd cuk jgrk gS rFkk dqN uj ;k eknk i{kh esa ,d ls vf/kd
tksM+ks dk çpyu Hkh ns[kk x;k gsS] i{kh çtkfr;ka lHkh çdkj dh ns[kHkky
fy, ,d nwljs ij fuHkZj jgrs gS] tks fo'ks"k :i ls mu çtkfr;ksa ds fy,
egRoiw.kZ gSA eknk i{kh dks f'k'kq ikyu ds fy, uj i{kh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
gesa if{k;ksa dh vko';drk D;ksa gS\ D;ksafd
1- i{kh dhVksa dks fu;af=r djrs gSaA
2- i{kh ikS/kksa ij ijkx.k djrs gSaA
3- i{kh cht QSykrs gSaA
4- i{kh ç—fr ds ifj–'; dks cnyus esa lgk;d gSaA
5- i{kh dksjy jh¶l dks thfor j[krs gSaA
6- i{kh foKku dks çsfjr djrs gSaA
7- ç—fr esa lQkbZ vFkok LoN~d dk dk;Z djrs gS o~ e`r tho tUrqvks dks [kkrs gS-
if{k;ksa ds jgu lgu ds vuqlkj mudk okl LFkyksa dk çkjafHkd
fooj.k
Terrestrial Birds.
Aquatic Birds.
Arborial Birds
Agriculture land Birds
ifjp;
fgeky; ioZr ç.kkyh fo'o Lrj ij viuh mYys[kuh; tSfod fofo/krk ds fy,
çfl) gS] unh] igkM+] cqX;ky] rjkbZ&Hkkoj ds taxy vkfnA blh fgeky;h {ks=
dk ,d lqUnj i{kh gS vkbZfclfcy] bldk isV lQsn] yky iSj] yach ?kqekonkj
ykfyek fy, pkasp] dkyk psgjk rFkk o{k LFky ij dkyh /kkjh ,d ekyk dh Hkkafr
gksrh gSA bldk okl LFky e/; ,f'k;k ds iBkj vkSj mPp fgeky; esa unh ds
fdukjs ij gksrk gSA vkbZfclfcy tks nf{k.kh e/; ,f'k;k esa dtkfdLrku ls mÙkj
if'pe phu vkSj nf{k.k ls mÙkj if'pe Hkkjr esa çtuu djrk gSA vkbZfclfcy
dh dksbZ mi&çtkfr ugha gSA ;ssss mÙkjk[kaM fgeky; dh rygVh esa rFkk Hkkoj {ks=
dh dkslh unh vkSj blds vkl&ikl jgrk gS] tks fd bldk ,d lcls vPNk
okl LFky gS] tgka ;g vDVwcj ds e/; ls vçSy rd Hkkstu ds fy, jgrk gS]
vkSj blh {ks= esa çtuu Hkh djrk gS] vçSy ds ckn ;g iqu% fgeky;h {ks= esa
pyk tkrk gSA
çtuu ] vkokl vkSj Hkkstu
vkbZfclfcy i{kh ,dkdh thou O;rhr djus okyk i{kh gS] tks çtuu dky
dh vof/k es gh tksM+k cukrs gSA çtuu dky esa ;s eknk dks vkdf"kZr djus ds
fy, izk;% ;s vius flj dks uhps dh vksj j[krs gq, NksVh nwjh pyus ds fy,
tkus tkrs gS] dsoy vkl&ikl ns[kus ds fy, gh ;s lkekU; eqnzk esa vkrs gSA
vkbZfclfcy vius ?kksalys unh ds fdukjksa ;k tyizokgksa ij fLFkr eSnkuksa esa mFkys
nyny es cukrs gSaA vçSy ekg ds vklikl eknk yxHkx 2 lss 4 vaM nsrh gSaA
uj&eknk i{kh ia[kks ls Å"ek Lyfo;u dks lk>k dj vaMks dks lsdus dk dk;Z
djrs gSA ,d vkbZfclfcy i{kh dk thou dky yxHkx 15 o"kZ dk gksrk gSA
;s e/; ,f'k;k ds mPp {ks=ksa] fgeky;h vkSj frCcrh iBkj ?kkfV;ksa esa LVksuh
fjojcsM~l ,oa ,dkar unh budk izeq[k okl LFky gSA vkerkSj ij ;g i{kh 100
ls 1500 ehVj ds chp dh ,dkar unh] ?kkfV;ksa esa ik;k tkrk gS] tgk¡ iRFkjksa]
dadM] pêkuksa vkSj cgqr de ouLifr ds lkFk fefJr xkn vkSj jsr ds iSp
gksrs gSaA vkbZfclfcy viuh yach pksap dh lgk;rk ls feêh] unh dh ctjh ;k
pêkuksa ds uhps Hkkstu dk f'kdkj djrk gSA ;g Hkwfe vkSj ty esa ik;s tkus
okys vd'ks:dh; thoksa dks [kkrk gS] ftlesa ykokZ vkSj dSMîwlyh 'kkfey gSa A
bldh iztkfr dh x.kuk dk dksbZ iq[rk lcwr u gksus ds dkj.k ;g i{kh fpark
dk fo"k; cuk gqvk gSA gesa buds laj{k.k ds fy, ljdkj dks Hkze.k ds fu;e
cukus pkfg, ftlls ;s i{kh Lora= :i esa fopjrs gq, izd`fr dh 'kksHkk c<+krs jgsaA
vuqHko
izf'k{k.k ds nkSjku eq>s vkbZfclfcy Ik{kh dks voyksdu djus dk ekSdk feykA eq>s
bl i{kh ds O;ogkj] Hkkstu ,oa okl LFky dh tkudkjh izkIr gqbZA orZeku le;
esa okrkoj.k esas gksus okys ifjoRkZu tgka ,d vksj euko thou dks izHkkfor djrs gS
ogha nwljh vksj ;s tho tarqvks ds O;ogkj esa Hkh fofHkUu izdkj ds ifjorZu djrs
gSA eq>s bl ckr dh tkudkjh gqbZ fd fdl izdkj ;s tho i;kZoj.k ds laj{k.k
esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrs gS] eq>s bl ckr dh lh[k feyh fd gesa Hkh NksVs Lrj ls
budk laj{k.k dj buds }kjk fd;s tk jgs ;ksxnku esa lg;ksx nsuk pkfg, ftlls
i;kZoj.k ,oa mlds ?kVdksa nksuks dk laj{k.k gks ldsA
Ibissbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) egsUnz flag ioakj]
th0,l0Mh0ih0] izf'k{k.kkFkhZ

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7
Bird watching Ethics and Responsible Tourism
Bird watching, or birding, is a form of observation in which
the birds and their activities are observed. It can be done with
the naked eye or with the help of some devices, like binoculars
and telescopes, or by listening to the bird sounds. Bird watching
oen involves an important audio element, as many bird species
are more easily detected and identied by ear than by eye. Most
bird watchers follow this activity for social reasons. e most
active time for birding is during spring when the greatest variety
of birds, during winter bird migrate from high region to low
where less temptrature variation are seen. On these occasions,
large numbers of birds travel to other locations. Early mornings
are naturally better for bird watching or birding as the birds are
more active and their vocal sound makes them easier to spot.
Birding or bird festival as an event is organized in many parts of
the world. ese are found to be more exciting by some. ese
types of festivals or birding competitions encourage individuals
or teams to accumulate large number of bird species and gather
more information about them within a specied time or area with
special rules and important ethics. Some bird watchers will also
compete by attempting to increase their bird listing. Equipment
commonly used for birding includes binoculars, a spotting
scope with tripod, a smartphone, a notepad, and one or more
eld guide. ere are about 10,000 species of bird world wide.
Many birdwatchers have spent their entire lives and a great and
valuable time trying to see all the bird species of the world. Some
birders have been known to go to great lengths in this process.
Today we are facing a great biodiversity loss, so it is important
not only to assess or consider the need for conservation but,
also to seek some practical solutions for protecting biodiversity.
Environmentally and socially sustainable tourism can be one
such solution. Nature and biodiversity together function as
tourism attractions both for a general tourist market and
birdwatching tours. And nowadays tourism in Uttarakhand is
growing and more number of tourists are coming here for bird
watching. us, nature based activities are increasing rapidly
in Uttarakhand. It is therefore necessary to follow some ethical
guidelines that ensure such activities will not cause any kind of
damage or harm to nature, birds, wildlife, local communities,
or even to the visitors/clients, and the livelihoods of guides
themselves. e guidelines below developed in a consultative
process by or with guides that should be applied to all nature
guiding activities including those conducted by tour operators
and organisations related to nature tourism across Uttarakhand.
ese guidelines are as follows-
Nature rst- e well-being of nature, both ora and fauna,
especially native species and their habitat.
Safety- Your own safety and that of your clients is paramount.
Photography- Avoid intrusive photography, including close-up,
nest photography and use of ash, and other techniques that will
put wildlife under stress. Use of ash or articial lights at night
for bird and mammal photography should be avoided.
Unnatural behaviour- Avoid using methods such a call-
playback, call-mimicking, stone throwing, chasing, baiting
with food and other harmful methods that can cause wildlife to
change its natural behaviour. Disturbing, teasing or provoking
wildlife in any way is punishable under the Wildlife Protection
Act (1972).
Noise- Do not play, or allow the playing of, music or make
sudden/loud noises in the forest.
Hunting/ shing- Hunting of wild animals and shing, are illegal
within protected areas (PAs). Fishing may be illegal outside PAs
subject to relevant Central and State laws. Nature guides should
not only discourage / not allow such practices by clients, but
should also report any such activities they see (other than the
relevant rights that local communities may have).
Collection of plants and other ‘souvenirs’- Clients and guides
should avoid keeping souvenir, from the forest. ese include
owers, feathers, porcupine quills, seeds, fruits, etc. Removal of
any such product from a PA is illegal, unless necessary permits
are obtained from the appropriate authorities; and similarly local
communities may have rules for avoiding such collection in the
areas they govern/manage.
Smoking/drugs and alcohol- Avoid smoking, taking drugs or
drinking alcohol while on duty discourage clients also from such
activities if they are likely to be damaging to nature/wildlife.
Littering and pollution- Carry out all non-biodegradable waste
like empty bottles, tins and plastic bags from forest areas and nature
trails. Keep all pollutants like soaps and detergents away from water
bodies. Toilets and/or urinals should be sited at least 200m away
from water bodies and human waste should be buried in at least
6 inches of loose soil. Avoid the usage of bottled water. Carry re-
usable bottles, and water purication tablets or ltration devices.
Bonres- Avoid making a bonre in forest areas/camp-grounds,
except in dire emergencies. ese are a re hazard and destroy
valuable biomass (noting that even deadwood has an important
natural function).
Local rules and regulations- Follow Forest Department or local
community established rules and regulations such as maintaining
timings, walking only on designated trails and other applicable
local regulations.
Entering private or community-owned property- Tourism
activities or guiding trails are located in private property/
community-owned lands should always be done with prior
permission from the concerned people or representatives.
Holy and sacred sites- Respect the sanctity of all religious and
other holy/sacred sites, including forest and groves that local
communities hold to be sacred or spiritually important.
Human considerations- Always take permission before
photographing local people or entering their homes. Always take
permission of the client before taking a photograph of, or with,
them, or entering their accommodation.
Local livelihoods and organisations- Respect and promote
local livelihoods that are based on the responsible use of
nature and natural resources. Support local and community-
level organisations that are involved with conservation and
responsible livelihoods. Make a conscious eort to engage local
guides wherever possible, especially where the tourism activity is
done in a community-owned or private land.

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Bhaskar Sati,
GSDP, Trainee
Knowledge- Educate yourself about the wildlife, ecology, culture
and heritage of the area you are guiding in, including by learning
both from local communities and from outside knowledgeable
persons. Share your knowledge about wildlife, ecology, culture
and heritage with local communities, tourists, youth and others.
Respect local knowledge of wildlife; use this knowledge to
educate tourists.
Record and report- Record and report your wildlife sightings
on a regular basis. Especially ensure that sightings of rare species
are reported. However, be careful about publicising the locations
of rare/threatened species, as this may lead to a tourist rush to see
them; at rst report only to responsible conservation groups and
to the Forest Department.
Honest reporting- Always be honest while reporting rare,
unusual or unlikely sightings or wildlife.
Provide additional evidence to support such sightings- Never
falsify, fabricate or exaggerate sightings (e.g. while reporting
birds on e-Bird).
Cooperate and collaborate- Do not enter into hostile and
potentially damaging competition with, or actions that
undermine the livelihoods of other guides.
Overall, everyone has to keep in mind that always rst priority
will be given to save the nature, to the basic livelihoods needs and
rights of local communities. e commitment to following ethical
guidelines should be communicated to visitors as well as tour
operators so that we can together save our nature, biodiversity,
wildlife, and local communities. e main aim of this article is
to present and promote birdwatching tourism in Uttarakhand
so that it can invite for lot of tourism and also promoting local
conservation initiative through nature-based tourism.
Experience- During training course we learned about the basic
bird watching ethics and their conservation by generating
awarness peoples particularly local peoples, tourist, youth
envolve in bird watching and community directly linked with
bird tourism.
As nature lover, we are very curious to know about nature and
their beautiful creatures. As a researcher, we wish to know
how many individuals of a particular species are present and
sometimes information on population sizes of individual
species can also be used to set the conservation eorts.
If we require a consistent estimate of the population size of
a particular species in a given area, then we must carry out a
survey. To make survey a successful or scientic a regular
monitoring is required. If we design a good monitoring
programme it can be used as research tool, in the monitoring
programme we can provide suitable environmental
data (e.g. habitats, predators, food supplies, weather).
e popular survey methods
1. Point count methods
2. Line transect methods
Point count method- is method is used to count of avian
species in the habitat. Generally, a point count method is used
to reduce the bias or recounting of the avian species. In this
methods, the surveyor or researcher will stay at least 10 minutes
in a particular point in the particular transect and count or
identify the avian species of the area or habitat (both side of
transect) by the using binocular and camera. e given gure
will help to understand the point count method in bird survey.
Line transect method- This method is generally used to cover
the large area in the given habitat. First, divide the study area in
the grids and to count the avian population or avian diversity
lay down transects in the grids. Transects are studied morning
and evening time and revisited the same transects in following
days. e interesting things are researcher or surveyor has to
walk in a constant speed or by using a bicycle. e given gure
will help to understand the point count method in bird survey.
Kamal Kant Joshi
Graphic Era Hill University,
Dehradun
Fig. 1. Point count methods in the given transects
Fig.2. Line transects method in the given study area
Bird Survey Methods
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Birds constitute an important component of biodiversity in an
area and play an important role in various ecosystems and provide
dierent ecosystem services i.e. seed dispersal, pollination, control
of harmful insect pests and clean the environment by working
as scavengers. e variety of avian species in ecosystem reects
the well-being and status of its habitat. Birds are the indicators
of environmental health and are being used for conservation
and environmental impact assessment. ey potentially detect
aspects of any landscape condition that cannot be detected
by the other animal groups and signicantly contribute as an
indicator. Ornithological research plays a central role in the
development of certain aspects of science. Birds play a crucial
role in ecosystems as scavengers, pollinators, agents of seed
dispersal, predators of the insect pests and excellent ecological
indicators. ey have been considered as useful biological
indicators because they are ecologically versatile and live in all
kind of habitats as herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Birds
are used to characterize ecosystems to check environmental
changes and to assess results of restoration measures. Many
species are top predators and several contaminants oen
accumulate along the trophic chain, such species may be used
as an indicator of changes occurring at lower trophic level. Birds
are the key species in an agricultural ecosystem for maintaining
the ecological balance. eir positive and negative roles in
agriculture production are well illustrated by scientic workers.
eir direct benets to our life ranges from the consumption of
birds as food for subsistence in some societies to nancial gains
from increased crop yields due to insectivorous birds providing a
cheap and eective way of controlling insect pest populations on
commercially valuable crops. Indirect benets are those services
that may not appear at rst glance but are benecial to humans
because they are perhaps less tangible than direct benets.
However, by dispersing seeds which in turn support plant species
and ecosystems more generally, birds indirectly contribute to
the wider environment in which humans live. One particular
example, highlighting the benets that humans accrue from birds
relates to the scavenging of carcasses by vultures. e vultures
provide important sanitary services by scavenging carcasses,
but the recent catastrophic declines of vultures in South Asia
mean that more and more carcasses have been le untouched.
e ecosystem services provided by birds are as follow:
Seed Dispersal
Many frugivorous birds are persisting, at least in the short-
term, in human-dominated landscapes and these birds
may serve important functions such as seed dispersal and
pollination (Sekercioglu, 2006). Birds have a good system
for seed dispersal. ey eat berries and then when they
dispose of their waste the berry seeds are disposed along with
it. Bird feces provide good fertilization for seeds to grow.
Pollination
Pollination is the process where pollens are transferred within
and between plants enabling fertilization and reproduction.
When we think pollinators, bees and butteries utter to mind
but bird pollinators such as hummingbirds, Sunbirds and
honeyeaters also make a big contribution, especially in high
altitudes or hot climates. eir role as pollinators benets us
Pest control agent
In the Indian context, a large number of birds are mainly
insectivorous. Insectivorous and carnivorous bird species put an
important ecological impact on agro-ecosystems as a biological
pest control agents of harmful pests i.e. insect and rodents (Singh
et al., 2019). Insectivorous and carnivorous species of birds are
considered as very useful to agriculture since they keep a very
eective check on populations of insect and rodent pests of
crops and they are benecial to agriculturists (Narayana, 2011).
Birds as environmental scavengers
Vultures as scavengers have an important ecological role by
maintaining equilibrium in the ecosystem. e necrophagous
behavior of Vultures is repulsive but they act as environmental
cleaners and reduce the risk of contamination by pathogens
by quickly consuming decomposed carcasses. ey control
the numbers of small mammals including pests and problem
species of crops such as dassies, hares, rodents and other
animals those adversely aect grazing resources (Taigore, 2010).
Conclusion
Birds are an inseparable part of our ecosystem and play a crucial
role in its perfect maintenance. Dierent species of birds play
dierent role according to their dierent food and feeding
habits. ey act as pollinators, pest-controllers, scavengers
and bio-indicators working at dierent trophic levels in an
ecosystem. eir role is crucial and demands the conservation
for proper functioning and well-being of the environment.
eir role may be direct or indirect but it is highly important
for mankind. As scavengers they clean our environment and
reduce the possibility of disease outbreak which can be caused
by the dead and decaying carcasses. e conservation of
dierent species is the need of the time due to their varied roles
and their ecosystem services enabling the smooth running of
human life directly or indirectly which cannot be unseen or
ignored. Most of the birds of Uttarakhand were sited during
the training program at corbet land scape. I learned how my
bird watching interest convert into livehood enhancement
throuh nature guide which is ultimate aim of this course.
Birds and their Ecosystem
References
Taigore SR (2010). Sighting of Eurasian grion Gyps fulvus
and conservation of vultures in North Madhya Pradesh, India.
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 2(2):
026- 029.
Narayana BL, Pandiyan J, Rao VV (2011). Studies on avian
diversity in selected croplands of Nalgonda District, Andhra
Pradesh, Southern India. In: Status of Indian Birds and eir
Conservation.
Sekercioglu CH (2006). Increasing awareness of avian
ecological function. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21:
464–471.
Singh V, Bisht SPS, Rajwar N, Miglani R (2019). Avian diversity
and its ecological impact on agro-ecosystems as biological pest
control agents near Sharda River bank, Uttarakhand, India.
Journal of Entomological Research, 43(4): 547-544.
Vinay Singh (G S D P, Trainee),
Satpal Singh Bisht and Neha Rajwar
D.S.B. Campus, K.U Nainital

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Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates that comes under
the class Aves, characterized by: (i) covering of feathers, (ii)
Toothless beaked jaws, (iii) e laying of hard-shelled eggs, (iv)
high metabolic rate, (v) Four-chambered heart, (vi) Strong but
lightweight skeleton.
Habitat of birds- Birds live and breed in most habitats around
the world and are present in all seven continents, many species of
birds have adapted to life both in and on the worlds oceans with
some of the water bird species only coming onshore to breed.
Birds dierent common habitats are: Wetland, Forest, Grassland
and Scrub Wetland
Wetland- Wetlands are basically natural ecosystems, which are
reduced over the years Open-water sources like lakes, rivers,
estuaries, marshes, lagoons, backwaters, mangroves, swamps,
seasonally or permanently waterlogged areas of land are put
under this category.
Wetland water bird include- ducks, geese and swans, cormorants
egrets and herons, terns and gulls.
Bird importance in ecosystem- ese are oen referred
to as "ecosystem goods and services. Aquatic birds provide
many benets such as Improved ood control, Clean water,
Recreational opportunities, Preserved aesthetic viewsheds and
Climate regulation.
Birds need wetlands- For feeding, Breeding and As a place to
refuel and rest during migrations. ey don’t necessarily stay
in one wetland area, but will move between them. For example,
many waterbirds move regularly to newly ooded habitats to feed
and/ or breed before that wetland dries out.
e Tumaria dam is located 17 km from Kyari village Ramnagar,
it is situated in Maldhan village on Kosi river bank and it is a
major tourist attraction. Some of the important birds was sited
here are described below:
Eurasian Coot
Scientic Name- (Fulica atra), also known as the common coot,
or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family
the Rallidae
Habitat- Wetland water body , freshwater lakes and ponds.
Distribution- It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand
and parts of Africa.
Size- e Eurasian coot is 32–42 cm (13–17 in) long.
Discription- Largely black except for the white frontal shield
(which gave rise to the phrase "as bald as a coot", in use as early
as 1430. As a swimming species, the coot has partial webbing on
its long strong toes.
Ecology- On migration, usually at night, it can cover surprisingly
large distances.
It bobs its head as it swims, and makes short dives from a little
jump. In the Wetlands (27) and revierine habitats (20) during
our training course in January we cited a total of 47 species in
the Corbett landscape near Ramnagar in Januray 2020. is
Landscape thus harborurs a rich bird in terms of diversity and
should be conserved as ideal bird habit.
Manisha Bisht1, (G S D P, Trainee)
Deepika Goswami2 (deepikagoswami22@gmail.com)
and V.P uniyal3
1, 2 DSB Campus, Nainital
3 WII, Dehradun
Birds of Wetalands in Corbett Park Lanscape
Birds are some of the most amazing animals on earth. Some birds
y in the sky at very high altitude and some are able to decide
only two to four feet distance. In the world of birds, also many
types of variations are found. But, the two characteristics are
same for all- one can y, and the other is that all birds lay eggs.
Birds are found in almost every habitat throughout the globe.
ey live in forests, nesting in bushes and on trees. Some birds
live in water. Cranes, Heron, Swan, etc. are such birds. Some
birds are very skilled at building a nest for example, Tailor bird.
Some birds do not make a nest and make a shelter in a tree cover.
e Woodpecker makes holes in the wood. Some large birds,
such as Peacocks, do not build nests and take refuge in bushes.
Most important features which we can see in a bird involve the
external body parts. ese are – Beak, Crown, Lores, Forehead,
Chin, roat, Ear coverts, Lesser coverts, Median coverts, Breast,
Nape, Mantle, Alula, Scaplars, Greater coverts, Primary coverts,
Back, Flanks, Belly, Secondaries, Tertials, igh, Rump, Tarsus,
Vent, Uppertail coverts, Undertail coverts, Primaries, Tail
(rectrices). Bird’s diet is varied and oen includes nectar, fruits,
plants, seeds, insects, shes and various small animals, including
other birds. e type of food that a bird may eat may vary
depending on the region, season and the type of beak they have.
On the basis of their food habitats they are mainly classied as-
1. Carnivorous- ose birds which feed mainly on dead and
decomposed animal matter and are with strong and hooked
beak; for example-Mountain Hawk Eagle, Black Kite.
2. Frugivorous- ose birds which feed mainly on fruits and
have short, curved and sharp beak; for example-Parakeet, Black
crested Bulbul.
3. Grainivorous- ose birds which feed mainly on grains and
have short, thick and conical beak; for example-Oriental turtle
Dove, House Sparrow.
4. Insectivorous- ose birds which feed mainly on insects and
are withshort, wide and at beak; for example-Lesser Golden
backed Woodpeacker, Long tail Shrike.
5. Nectivorous- ose birds which feed mainly onnectar and
have long, curved and pointed beak; for example-Crimson
Sunbird, Purple Sunbird.
6. Omnivorous- ose birds which feed mainly on both animal
and plant matter and are withpointed and hard beak; for
example-Common Myna, House Crow
7. Piscivorous- ose birds which feed mainly on shes and have
long and pointed beak; for example-Little Cormorant, White
throated Kingsher. Since ancient times birds play prominent
and diverse roles in religion and mythology.
ey may also serve as religious symbols. Garuda or eagle is
called the king of birds. eir description is found in religious
literature and Puranas. ere is a big world of birds. ey do
not know the boundaries of the country. ey migrate to remote
and relatively warm destinations, ying long in groups in the
winter. ese are called migratory birds. e so voice of some
birds attracts us. Cuckoo, parrot etc. are all convincing of the
melodious sound of birds. ere is a great discussion of his voice
in literature. Some birds are kept domestic Since ancient times
birds play prominent and diverse roles in religion and mythology.
ey may also serve as religious symbols.Garuda or eagle is
called the king of birds. eir description is found in religious
Lophura leucomelanos Bird of Himalaya

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77 11
of birds. ere is a great discussion of his voice in literature.
Some birds are kept domestic Since ancient times birds play
prominent and diverse roles in religion and mythology. ey
may also serve as religious symbols.Garuda or eagle is called the
king of birds. eir description is found in religious literature
and Puranas. ere is a big world of birds. ey do not know
the boundaries of the country. ey migrate to remote and
relatively warm destinations, ying long in groups in the
winter. ese are called migratory birds. e so voice of some
birds attracts us. Cuckoo, parrot etc. are all convincing of the
melodious sound of birds. ere is a great discussion of his voice
in literature. Some birds are kept domestic by humans. Birds like
pigeon, parrot, can be domesticated and undomesticated birds
being important sources of eggs, meat and feathers. e parrot
is ensconced in many houses. It can mimic the voice of man.
Many species of birds are economically important as food for
human consumption. Birds such as chickens and ducks provide
food for humans in the form of meat and eggs. Birds help us get
rid of insects. Domesticated birds that are raised for eggs, called
poultry. Other commercially valuable products from birds
include feathers which are used as insulation in clothing and
bedding. Today many bird populations are declining worldwide,
with many hundreds of the species are facing extinction in the
next century. Many bird populations are declining worldwide
with 1,227 species listed as threatened by Bird Life International
and the IUCN in 2009. e most commonly cited human
threat to birds is habitat loss. Other threats include overhunting
and exploitation, accidental mortality due to collisions with
buildings or vehicles, long-line shing by catch, pollution,
competition and predation from non-native invasive species,
and climate change. Currently one the most important example
of this is Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) which are facing
a major threat of hunting nowadays. However, the current status
of Kalij pheasant is Least Concern (LC). e Kalij pheasant is a
pheasant found in thickets and forests with dense undergrowth,
especially in the Himalayan foothills. It is the most common
and widespread pheasant of Uttarakhand. e nine recognized
subspecies range from Pakistan across northern India and Nepal.
Some are found as far south as Bangladesh and ailand. Males
have a total length of 65 to 73 cm and females are of 50 to 60 cm.
Males are bluish black and females are dull brown to reddish
brown with red cheek patch and greyish bu-fringes producing
scaly appearance. Both sexes have a bare red face, down curved
tail and greyish legs. Crest, breast, and sides have long white
to grey-brown feathers.e male has bright red around the
eyes. e females, on the other hand, are fairly plain. e Kalij
Pheasant is mainly heard at dawn and dusk.
Medha Durgapal,
GSDP, Trainee
male female
Glimpses of Bird Identication GSDP Course
Inagural session
Course activities
Yoga sessions
Cleanliness drives
Valedictory session and certicate distribution

7
How GSDP Changed their Lives
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ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology, GBPNIHESD, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643,
Uttarakhand, India; Phone: 05962-241024; Email: gbpihed@envis.nic.in
URL: http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in
being provided to us by way of conducting this course, under
ENVIS-GSDP, is phenomenal. is course is letting us know
about our knowledge gaps regarding bird identication and
basic ornithology. e information and the experience shared
with us by the resource persons is denitely going to help us in
nurturing our skill of bird identication. e resource persons
through their session explained us how our own observations
and gained knowledge about the nature is going to help us in
nature interpretation, which will further encourage us to make
a livelihood out of it. We have learnt a lot from this course.
Now it’s time for us to evaluate and nurture our knowledge
further. I am thankful to the ENVIS center of GBPNIHE for
giving us this opportunity to participate and enhance our
knowledge base on birds through this skill building course.
Himanshu Tiruwa
I belong to a village named Kyari, which is a part of
Corbett National Park, Ramnagar. I have been working
as a nature guide in and around the park for the past 6
years. I became familiarized with the birds of the area. is
training have enhanced my knowledge base not only on birds
but also on the nature interpretation. Beside this, the course
has been able to add scientic angle to our earlier knowledge
base. I wish to see fruitful outcomes of this course in the future
Bhaskar Sati
I have been working as a nature guide in Binsar Wildlife
Sanctuary for the past 10 years. As I was working for
so long, Ithought that I have a vast knowledge of birds and
other natural elements. But aer joining this course, I realized
that whatever knowledge I had, was a small fraction of what is
present in the nature. During this 15 days course, I have learnt
much more than what I had learnt in the past 8 years. is course
has encouraged us to learn more from nature to do well in our
eld of work. I would like to thank the ENVIS-GBPNIHE for
providing me with this opportunity to build up on my knowledge.
Bipin Chandra Joshi
As far as Bird identication is concerned, this course
has provided me a lot to take back with me. When I
was at my home town Prayagraj, I only merely knew
5-6 birds that I can count on my ngers. But at present I
can identify more than 50 bird species, which I think is an
achievement for me and for which I am thankful to the ENVIS-
GBPNIHE team for helping me to get this achievement. Now
that the course has completed, I will be going back to my
place and will start documenting and observing birds there.
Prakash Sati
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12
I have been associated with the bird watching
business for the past few years in and around Corbett
National Park, Ramnagar. e exposure that is
Trainees placement status