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The effect of prenatal yoga on the anxiety level of pregnant women
Abstract
Objective
This study was to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on the anxiety level of third trimesters pregnant women in the Singgani Health Center before and after being given yoga pregnancy.
Method
The method in this study is a type of pre-experimental research that uses the one group pre-test – post-test approach. The samples in this study were 48 subjects using a purposive sampling technique. Prenatal yoga was given to third trimesters pregnancy gestational weeks 30–37 age; the level of anxiety of pregnant women was measured by Interviews using questionnaires. Analysis in the study used the Wilcoxon test.
Results
Before the intervention of yoga, pregnancy has severe anxiety that is equal to 58.3%, mothers who are not anxious 2.1%, mild anxiety levels 2.1%, mothers who have moderate anxiety levels of 37.5%. After pregnancy yoga, most mothers had a mild anxiety level of 54.1%, mothers who did not have the anxiety of 16.7%, and mothers who had moderate and severe anxiety levels of 14.6% each. Wilcoxon test showed significant statistics.
Conclusion
This study indicated that prenatal yoga could influence the anxiety level of pregnant women.
... According to a prior study conducted by Sulistiyaningsih & Rofika (2020) , it was discovered that there was a notable impact both before and after engaging in gentle prenatal yoga, The study conducted by Yuniarti & Eliana (2020) revealed a significant impact of prenatal yoga activities on the preparedness of first-time pregnant moms in dealing with childbirth. The study concluded that prenatal yoga is a viable and well-received treatment, which resulted in a decrease in symptoms related to anxiety and depression [15]. According to Wijaya (2023) antenatal yoga is beneficial in alleviating women's anxiety related to labor and preventing the occurrence of depressive symptoms. ...
... The findings of the study conducted by Veronica et al (2020) Prior to the implementation of the yoga intervention, pregnant women exhibited a high level of anxiety, with 58.3% experiencing severe anxiety. Only 2.1% of moms did not report any worry, while another 2.1% had light anxiety. ...
... crucial element that can effectively alleviate anxiety in the final stage of pregnancy. [15] This study employs a pre-experimental research design, specifically using a single group in both the pre-test and posttest phases. Select a cohort of forty-eight pregnant women in their third trimester for sampling purposes. ...
The current study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal yoga activities on the anxiety level of primigravida pregnant women in preparation for childbirth. The research approach used in this research is a literature review combined with Quasi-Experiment and Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Source: A literature search was conducted using five databases, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Pubmed, covering publications from 2018 to 2023. Papers were selected based on specific criteria using a prism, which included evaluation of title, abstract, and full text. The feasibility of each study was reviewed, and the findings were compiled and analyzed. Ten journals that met the inclusion criteria were identified in the search results. Based on an analysis of 10 studies using Quasi Experiments and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT), it is proven that the majority of first-time pregnant women in the third-trimester experience anxiety when they are about to give birth. This research shows that doing prenatal yoga exercises can effectively reduce anxiety levels in pregnant women. Conclusion: Prenatal yoga is the right solution for pregnant women who experience anxiety.
... Prenatal Yoga sessions, typically conducted weekly over four weeks, catered to pregnant women in the third stage of pregnancy [10]. Noteworthy is that Prenatal Yoga was administered to pregnant individuals between 30-37 weeks gestation, irrespective of their anxiety levels [11]. Similarly, Pilates interventions were administered to thirdtrimester pregnant women, with participants divided into control and intervention groups for comparative evaluation [12]. ...
... After the intervention, the percentage of mothers with severe and moderate anxiety decreased to 14.6%, the percentage of mothers with moderate anxiety increased to 54.1%, and 16.7% of mothers did not experience anxiety. Wilcoxon statistical tests indicated a significant impact [11]. ...
During pregnancy, mothers often feel fear, worry, and anxiety. This anxiety can have adverse effects on both the mother and the baby, such as increased maternal mortality, preterm birth, and cognitive issues. To address this, a study was conducted to identify ways to reduce anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women. This study used a systematic review method to find the most effective health interventions, as obtained from several articles. Through a systematic review of various health interventions following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 11 articles were analyzed. The findings suggest that methods like prenatal yoga, virtual reality, and music can effectively alleviate anxiety during childbirth. Overall, the study concludes that there are several effective ways to help pregnant women in their third trimester manage anxiety related to labor. The findings suggest that methods like prenatal yoga, virtual reality, and music can effectively alleviate anxiety during childbirth. Overall, the study concludes that there are several effective ways to help pregnant women in their third trimester manage anxiety related to labor.
... This gentle practice focuses on stretching, mental centering, and focused breathing. Studies have shown that prenatal yoga can significantly reduce stress hormones and improve physical functions, thereby easing pain and enhancing mobility [5], [6]. In conjunction with physical exercises, complementary therapies like aromatherapy have been gaining attention for their potential psychological benefits. ...
... Yoga has a positive effect in reducing stress, anxiety, pregnancy-related disorders and increasing women's mental health index. In another study, (Veronica et al., 2020) regarding the effectiveness of pregnancy yoga practice on reducing anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester showed that there was an average difference in anxiety reduction with paired sample test before and after pregnancy yoga practice on the first day by 6.86%, on the second day by 3.60% and on the third day by 1.46% with bivariate analysis showing a value of P = 0.000, anxiety on the first and third days before and after being given pregnancy yoga exercises. This means that practicing with yoga can reduce the level of anxiety that is common in pregnant women. ...
Introduction and Objective: Pregnancy often brings both physical and psychological changes that can last throughout the nine months. Many pregnant women experience anxiety and fear about the labor process. Anxiety during pregnancy can lead to complications for both the mother and baby. Prenatal Gentle Yoga, a non-pharmacological treatment, has been suggested as a way to help pregnant women manage stress and anxiety, while preparing them mentally and physically for childbirth. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Prenatal Gentle Yoga can reduce anxiety levels in pregnant women in the third trimester, specifically primigrav-ida women, in preparation for childbirth. Methodology: This study utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-post-test setup. The study involved 15 participants who were assessed before and after the intervention of Prenatal Gentle Yoga. The independent and dependent variables were studied simultaneously through purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the paired t-test. Results: The results showed that Prenatal Gentle Yoga had a significant effect in reducing anxiety levels among primigravida pregnant women in their third trimester when facing childbirth. Conclusion: This study concludes that Prenatal Gentle Yoga is an effective non-pharmacological approach to help reduce anxiety in pregnant women, particularly in preparation for labor. It is recommended for midwives to incorporate this method into prenatal care to support women before childbirth. Additionally, yoga serves as a safe and beneficial exercise for pregnant women, contributing to their physical and psychological readiness for delivery.
... Yoga has a positive effect in reducing stress, anxiety, pregnancy-related disorders and increasing women's mental health index. In another study, (Veronica et al., 2020) regarding the effectiveness of pregnancy yoga practice on reducing anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester showed that there was an average difference in anxiety reduction with paired sample test before and after pregnancy yoga practice on the first day by 6.86%, on the second day by 3.60% and on the third day by 1.46% with bivariate analysis showing a value of P = 0.000, anxiety on the first and third days before and after being given pregnancy yoga exercises. This means that practicing with yoga can reduce the level of anxiety that is common in pregnant women. ...
Introduction and Objective: Pregnancy often brings both physical and psychological changes that can last throughout the nine months. Many pregnant women experience anxiety and fear about the labor process. Anxiety during pregnancy can lead to complications for both the mother and baby. Prenatal Gentle Yoga, a non-pharmacological treatment, has been suggested as a way to help pregnant women manage stress and anxiety, while preparing them mentally and physically for childbirth. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Prenatal Gentle Yoga can reduce anxiety levels in pregnant women in the third trimester, specifically primigravida women, in preparation for childbirth. Methodology: This study utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-post-test setup. The study involved 15 participants who were assessed before and after the intervention of Prenatal Gentle Yoga. The independent and dependent variables were studied simultaneously through purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the paired t-test. Results: The results showed that Prenatal Gentle Yoga had a significant effect in reducing anxiety levels among primigravida pregnant women in their third trimester when facing childbirth. Conclusion: This study concludes that Prenatal Gentle Yoga is an effective non-pharmacological approach to help reduce anxiety in pregnant women, particularly in preparation for labor. It is recommended for midwives to incorporate this method into prenatal care to support women before childbirth. Additionally, yoga serves as a safe and beneficial exercise for pregnant women, contributing to their physical and psychological readiness for delivery.
... About 30% of mothers experience anxiety each trimester, and 6.9 percent of mothers experience it during pregnancy (6,7). To make pregnant women more prepared for labor, physical activity during pregnancy can help reduce anxiety and cortisol hormone levels (8,9). Research proves that prenatal yoga can affect the anxiety levels of pregnant women (10,11) (12). ...
... Yoga merupakan kombinasi olah badan, pikiran serta psikologis yang membantu ibu untuk mengurangi ketidaknyamanan kehamilan terutama yang ibu rasakan trimester III. Yoga kehamilan mempunyai 5 area yaitu bimbingan raga konsentrasi, pernafasan, posisi, meditasi serta relaksasi mendalam yang bermanfaat untuk membantu kelancaran dalam proses kehamilan serta persalinan (Sari & Puspitasari, 2016;Veronica et al., 2020). ...
Abstrak: Kehamilan membuat ibu hamil mengalami perubahan fisik dan psikologis yang menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan pada kehamilan. Yoga pada kehamilan dapat mengurangi ketidaknyamanan yang dirasakan ibu sepanjang kehamilan. Ibu hamil dalam melakukan yoga kehamilan harus di damping oleh fasilitator yang terlatih untuk mencegah trauma. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kompetensi bidan dalam melakukan yoga dan relaksasi pada kehamilan. Peningkatan kompetensi ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan kepada 30 bidan di kabupaten Malinau yang dilaksanakan pada 5-6 November 2022, dimana pelaksanaan pengabdiaan masyarakat ini bekerjasama dengan pemerintah kabupaten Malinau serta pengurus cabang Ikatan Bidan Indonesia (IBI) cabang Malinau. Peningkatan kompetensi ini dilakukan dengan pemberian materi dan evaluasi praktikum dimana beradasarkan hasil monitoring dan evaluasi yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi dan daftar tilik seluruh bidan memiliki nilai sangat baik dengan nilai rata-rata 82,5 sehingga dapat di simpulkan bahwa peningkatan kompetensi bidan dalam yoga dan relaksasi kehamilan sangat baik.Abstract: Women are physically and psychologically altered during pregnancy. Pregnant women can reduce discomfort with yoga during pregnancy. A trained facilitator must accompany pregnant women doing pregnancy yoga to prevent trauma. This community service aims to increase midwives' competency in yoga and relaxation during pregnancy. This competence increase was carried out by providing training to 30 midwives in the Malinau district which was held on 5-6 November 2022, where the implementation of this community service was in collaboration with the Malinau district government and the management of the Malinau branch of the Indonesian Midwives Association (IBI). This competence increase is carried out by providing material and practicum evaluation which is based on the results of monitoring and evaluation carried out using observation and checklists, all midwives have a very good score with an average value of 82.5 so it can be concluded that the increase in competence of midwives in yoga and relaxation very good pregnancy.
... According to Natoatmodjo (2005), the completeness of the information obtained regarding further conditions regarding her pregnancy, including the presence of comorbidities in pregnancy [29], makes pregnant women more prepared for all the possibilities that will occur during childbirth and mothers are not burdened with feelings of fear and anxiety [30]. Based on research by Srivasta et all. ...
The research results on pregnant women during the covid-19 pandemic indicate that Covid-19 pandemic greatly affects the mental health of pregnant women. The analysis results of several studies show that anxiety in pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic has increased. The literature review research conducted by Heni Purwaningsih (2020) resulted that during the Covid-19 pandemic, most of the psychological changes in pregnant women were in the form of anxiety and depression. One of program to decreasing Maternal Mortality Rate/Infant Mortality Rate is with the OSOC method. The Continuity of Care model of midwifery care in OSOC clinical education (One Student One Client) is a method used by midwife students to collect data and assist pregnant women during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, new-born babies to family planning for the health of mothers and babies. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of OSOC (One Student One Client) in reducing the anxiety of third trimester pregnant women in facing childbirth and breastfeeding practices in the era of the covid-19 pandemic. The research design used was pre-experimental with one group pre-test – post-test design. While the number of samples was 13 pregnant women in the third trimester, and they were willing to be respondents. Sampling technique used was the purposive sampling. The data analysis and interpretation were bivariate and univariate. The bivariate analysis used the frequency distribution table, and the univariate analysis employed the Paired Sample T Test.The results of the study pointed that the average value (mean) of anxiety before being given the OSOC intervention was 9.3077 and the average value (mean) of anxiety after being given the OSOC intervention was 1.0769. The significance value (2-tailed) of the data was 0.002 (p < 0.05). Therefore, the results of the OSOC treatment before and after experienced were significantly changed. The conclusion was that OSOC is effective in reducing the anxiety of Third Trimester pregnant women in dealing with childbirth and breastfeeding practices in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license.
... After the intervention, a mild anxiety level of 54.1% was observed among most mothers, mothers who did not have the anxiety of 16.7%, and mothers who had moderate and severe anxiety levels of 14.6% each. Thus, prenatal yoga can be said to influence anxiety among pregnant women (Veronica et al., 2020). A significant correlation was observed between the length of yoga practice and lower anxiety in yoga practitioners (Boni et al., 2018). ...
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The main objective of the study was to investigate
correlation between the duration of yoga experience and the level of
anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among student
the population of Manipur University.
Methods: The students presently studying in the different
departments of Manipur University were randomly taken as the
source of data for the study. The data for the study was collected
through a Google form questionnaire using the social media platform
of WhatsApp (both WhatsApp groups and personal chats). The
study was done without any intervention program. Hence, the data
used for the study is primary data. For the purpose of the study
sixty-one (61) students (both male and female) currently studying
in different departments of Manipur University were randomly
selected. Thirty-eight (38) were yoga practitioners and twenty-three
(23) were non- yoga practitioners. The age category of the subjects
ranges between 21 years and 48 years. To determine the anxiety and
depression status of the participant's Hospital Anxiety and
Depression Scale / HADS (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) was used.
Pearson correlation test was performed using SPSS version 28.
Results: Through the study, it was found that for anxiety, out of
Of 38 yoga practitioners 19 (i.e.,50%) were normal, 14 (36.842%)
were borderline abnormal and 5 (13.157%) were abnormal. Out of
23 non-yoga practitioners 13 (56.521%) were normal, 3 (13.043%)
were borderline abnormal and 7 (30.434%) were abnormal. For the
depression, out of 38 yoga practitioners 28 (73.684%) were normal,
6 (15.789%) were borderline abnormal and 4 (10.526%) were
abnormal. Out of 23 non-yoga practitioners, 15 (65.217%) were
normal, 4 (17.391%) were borderline abnormal and 4 (17.391%)
were abnormal. There is a trend of negative correlation between
duration of experience in yoga and hospital anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: It was concluded that a negative correlation between
the duration of yoga experience and hospital anxiety and depression,
shows that yoga practitioners have higher resilience towards anxiety
and depression in challenging situations. However, there was no significant correlation between the duration of yoga experience and
hospital anxiety and depression.
Keywords: Anxiety, depression, stress, challenging situations,
COVID-19, mental health, yoga
... 17 For pregnant women, the movement technique focuses on exercising the muscles of the body. 18 The form of meditation carried out during this exercise is guided imagination in which pregnant women are suggested to have the most relaxed position, then they are asked to close their eyes and follow the imagination directed by the trainer. 19 A study by Sulistiyaningsih (2020) regarding the Effect of Prenatal Yoga on Increased Anxiety in Third Trimester Primigravida Pregnant Women shows that the P-value is 0.000 < 0.05. ...
Introduction: Prenatal yoga is a modified type of Hatha yoga that is adjusted to the condition of pregnant women. This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on the anxiety level of pregnant women in the third trimester during the Covid-19 pandemic in Purbalingga. Methods: This study used Pre-Experimental Design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample in this study was 576 pregnant women in clinics in Purbalingga. It used the total sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The results showed that the pretest results of anxiety scores of pregnant women who take prenatal yoga classes are 16.48 with a standard deviation of 5.598, a median of 16.00 (minimum 3-maximum 33). Then, after prenatal yoga, the anxiety score is 4.67 with a standard deviation of 2.862, and a median of 4.67 (minimum 0- maximum 11). Then, the Wilcoxon test obtains a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference in the level of anxiety before and after the intervention in the form of prenatal yoga. Prenatal yoga reduces anxiety levels in pregnant women in the third trimester during the Covid-19 pandemic.
... Senam yoga merupakan sebuah rangsangan relaksasi yang terorganisir yang terdiri dari melodi, ritme, harmoni, timbre, latihan pernafasan, relaksasi dan meditasi. Senam yoga memiliki kekuatan untuk mengobati penyakit dan ketidakmampuan yang dialami oleh setiap orang (Veronica et al., 2020). Ketika senam yoga diaplikasikan menjadi sebuah terapi, dapat meningkatkan, memulihkan dan memelihara kesehatan fisik, mental, emosional, sosial dan spiritual dari setiap individu (Ariyanti & Jalilah, 2021). ...
ABSTRAKSelama kehamilan pikiran dan tubuh ibu hamil mengalami berbagai perubahan. Perubahan fisik yang muncul mengakibatkan ibu mengalami beberapa keluhan nyeri pada punggung bagian belakang, badan terasa lebih lemas, dan mudah lelah. Prenatal gentle yoga dan relaksasi dapat dilakukan selama kehamilan dapat membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan ibu. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan kader kesehatan di Wilayah kelurahan Gunung Lingkas Tarakan ibu hamil sering mengeluhkan badan terasa pegal – pegal, nyeri punggung dan kaku, selain itu ibu hamil di wilayah ini belum pernah mengikuti senam selama hamil. Kegiatan ini berlangsung di kelurahan Gunung Lingkas Tarakan. Latihan prenatal gentle yoga dan relaksasi dapat mengurangi keluhan keluhan yang muncul pada kehamilan, serta dapat membantu membuat ibu lebih tenang dan rileks selama kehamilan, serta membantu mempersiapkan ibu dalam menghadapi persalinanya menjadi lebih tenang, mudah dan lancar. Kata kunci: prenatal gentle yoga; rileksasi. ABSTRACTDuring pregnancy, the mind and body of a pregnant woman undergo various changes. The physical changes that appear cause the mother to experience several complaints of pain in the back, the body feels weaker, and gets tired easily. Prenatal gentle yoga and relaxation can be done during pregnancy can help improve the well-being of the mother. Based on interviews with health cadres in the Gunung Lingkas sub-district, Tarakan, pregnant women often complain of body aches, back pain and stiffness, besides that pregnant women in this area have never participated in exercise during pregnancy. This activity took place in the village of Gunung Lingkas, Tarakan. Gentle yoga and relaxation prenatal exercises can reduce complaints that arise in pregnancy, and can help make mothers calmer and more relaxed during pregnancy, and help prepare mothers to face childbirth to be calmer, easier and smoother. Keywords: prenatal gentle yoga; relaxation
Kecemasan merupakan kondisi yang normal terjadi tetapi akan menjadi gangguan psikologis jika terjadi secara berlebihan. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan dampak yang tidak menguntukan bagi ibu hamil.Untuk mengurangi kecemasan ibu hamil menjelang kehamilan maka dilakukan senam hamil, karena dapat merileksasikan, menguatkan dan mengencangkan otot perut.dalam gerakan senam hamil terdapat efek relaksasi yang bisa menstabilkan psikologis ibu hamil. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam hamil terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Mamajang Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif ini Quasy Eksperimental dalam bentuk one group pre-test post design. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 36 responden dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa distribusi tingkat kecemasan berat relatif tinggi sebelum melakukan senam hamil. Namun, setelah senam hamil, tingkat kecemasan ibu menurun, dengan sebagian besar ibu hanya mengalami kecemasan ringan.
Kehamilan, melahirkan dan mempunyai seorang anak adalah hal alami yang dirasakan oleh seorang wanita hampir di seluruh dunia. Akan tetapi di balik siklus yang alami ini banyak wanita yang mengalami ketidaknyamanan saat kehamilan, persalinan maupun saat masa nifas. Ketidaknyamanan yang dirasakan wanita sebagian besar disebabkan oleh perubahan pada tubuh wanita tersebut, baik secara fisiologis maupun psikologis. Salah satu ketidaknyamanan psikologis yang dirasakan ibu hamil yakni kecemasan, gangguan tidur, depresi antenatal. Sedangkan ketidaknyamanan psikologis selama postpartum terdiri dari depresi postpartum, baby blues. Ibu hamil dapat menggunakan prenatal yoga sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan mengurangi gangguan ketidaknyamanan yang dirasakan selama proses kehamilan. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di Universitas Bhakti Kencana PSDKU Serang pada tanggal 27 Januari 2023, telah diberikan pendampingan prenatal yoga pada ibu hamil, serta pendidikan kesehatan tentang tanda-tanda persalinan dan tanda bahaya persalinan. keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini tampak dari pengetahuan ibu hamil bertambah serta keluhan ibu hamil berkurang. Dari hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diketahui bahwa para ibu hamil dapat mempraktikkan senam prenatal yoga dirumah secara mandiri. Kata kunci : Ibu Hamil, Yoga Prenatal, ketidaknyamanan
Introduction:
Yoga is used in the treatment of various diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, no studies have assessed the effect of yoga on COPD patients in Indonesia. The difference between this study and similar studies completed in other countries lies in the type of yoga exercises completed, the method in which they were completed, and in certain, unique demographic characteristics. This study aims to analyze the effect of yoga on FEV1, 6-minute walk distance, and quality of life in patients with COPD group B in Indonesia.
Material and methods:
This article reflects research done in the form of an experimental study using arandomized controlled trial with pre and post-test control group design. The samples were divided into 2 groups: the treatment group (yoga practice for 1 hour, 2 times aweek for 12 weeks) and the control group (untreated with yoga, given lung rehabilitation brochure). Assessment of the effect of yoga exercises on lung function parameters (FEV1), 6-minute walk distance and quality of life were used using SGRQ questionnaires in COPD group B.
Results:
33 COPD patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 30 patients completed the study. Pre and post yoga results were evalu-ated in the treatment group versus the control group and then further assessed using statistical tests. There was asignificant in-crease in FEV1, 6-MWD and quality of life using aSGRQ questionnaire after 12 weeks of yoga (p < 0.05) as well as aasignificant change in FEV1, 6-MWD and quality of life in the treatment group (p < 0.05) when compared with the control group (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
Yoga affects FEV1, 6-MWD, and quality of life in patients with Group B COPD.
There is a need for investigations that document the daily course of pregnancy-related changes in PA and sedentary behavior. The purpose of this study was to describe the trajectory of PA and sedentary behavior and whether they differ among weight status in pregnant women self-identified as inactive. Eighty inactive pregnant women (8–16weeks) were recruited from a nationwide text-message intervention. PA was measured using a Fitbit. Chi-square analyses and t-tests were used to analyze univariate demographic and PA variables. Mixed model-repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze trajectory changes in daily PA and sedentary behavior. Light activity (beta [SE]=2.79 [0.30], p<.001), active time (b [SE]=1.62 [0.16], p<.001), and steps (b [SE]=112.21 [10.66], p<.001) increased during the second trimester followed by a precipitous decline during the third trimester. Sedentary behavior followed an opposite pattern (b=−9.88 [1.07], p<.001). Overweight and obese women took significantly fewer steps/day (b [SE]=−742.37 [362.57], p<.05 and −855.94 [381.25], p<.05, respectively) than normal weight women, and obese women had less “active” minutes/day (~>3.0 metabolic equivalents; b [SE]=−12.99 [5.89], p<.05) than normal weight women (P′s<0.05). Women who self-identify as inactive, become more sedentary and less physically active as pregnancy progresses. This study was among the first to describe the trajectory of daily PA and sedentary behavior throughout pregnancy. This study may help inform health care provider and patient communication related to PA, sedentary behavior, and the time in which to communicate about these behaviors.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA) and its associated factors among pregnant women during the three trimesters of pregnancy.
Design: A prospective explorative survey was conducted among 500 low-risk Indian pregnant women of age 18–35 years.
Setting: A major maternity government hospital in southern state of Kerala, India.
Participants: 500 low risk pregnant women who attended the major maternity government hospital during the period June 2004–July 2005 were selected as convenient sample.
Methods: An exploratory research design with a prospective cohort approach was adopted for the study. State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Pregnancy-Specific Anxiety Inventory (PSAI) were used to collect the data.
Results: Highest prevalence of pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA) was reported during the third trimester of pregnancy. All pregnant women rated high levels of third trimester childbirth anxiety compared to other three components of pregnancy-specific anxiety. Nulliparous pregnant women reported higher levels of PSA than parous pregnant women (M = 134.40, M = 116.8). Young age, nulliparous status and nuclear family nature were identified as common risk factors of pregnancy-specific anxiety.
Conclusion: During the transition to motherhood, the risk factors and timing of heightened pregnancy-specific anxiety differ. Higher prevalence of pregnancy anxiety among nulliparous and younger pregnant women necessitates an integrated routine screening of PSA during prenatal care. Early detection, prevention and management of pregnancy anxiety will enable women to cope with the challenges of pregnancy.
Perinatal major depressive disorder affects 20% of women, while perinatal anxiety affects 10% of women. Although pharmacological treatment has shown effectiveness, many pregnant women are concerned about potential adverse effects on the fetus, maternal-infant bonding, and child development. Approximately 38% of American adults use complementary and alternative medicine, including yoga and other mind-body strategies. Although complementary and alternative medicine has been less studied in the perinatal population, it potentially offers women and their providers alternatives to traditional medication for treatment of perinatal depression and anxiety. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine existing empirical literature on yoga and its effects on women's health and well-being during the perinatal period.
Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systemic literature reviews, literature searches using relevant search terms were performed in four major electronic databases: CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. Thirteen publications met inclusion criteria.
Results indicated that yoga interventions are generally effective in reducing anxiety and depression in pregnant women.
The use of yoga in the perinatal period shows promise in improving mental health and well-being for women and infants. This review can inform future yoga intervention studies and clinical practice with the perinatal population.
© The Author(s) 2015.
Objectives The purpose of this article is to review all randomized control trials (RCTs) that have looked at the health effects of yoga on pregnancy, and to present their evidence on the specific ways in which pregnant women, and their infants can benefit from yoga intervention. The purpose is also to determine whether yoga intervention during pregnancy is more beneficial than other physical exercises. Methods Four databases were searched using the terms "yoga and (pregnancy or pregnant or prenatal or postnatal or postpartum)." Databases were searched from January 2004 to February 2014. Results Ten randomized controlled trials were evaluated. The findings consistently indicate that yoga intervention presented with lower incidences of prenatal disorders (p ≤ 0.05), and small gestational age (p < 0.05), lower levels of pain and stress (p < 0.05), and higher score of relationship (p < 0.05). In addition, yoga can be safely used for pregnant women who are depressed, at high-risk, or experience lumbopelvic pain. Moreover, yoga is a more effective exercise than walking or standard prenatal exercises. Conclusions The findings suggest that yoga is a safe and more effective intervention during pregnancy. However, further RCTs are needed to provide firmer evidence regarding the utility and validity of yoga intervention.
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Poor mental health among nurses not only hinders professional performance but also affects the quality of healthcare provided. To improve the prevention and management of depression among nurses in mainland China, we investigated the association between working conditions and depressive symptoms using a cross-sectional study with a sample of 3474 nurses with more than 1 year of work experience in public hospitals in Shenzhen in southern China. Participants completed a structured questionnaire and a validated measure of depressive symptoms. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to identify work-related risk factors for depressive symptoms scores. An estimated 38% of nurses had depressive symptoms. More than 10% of the nurses often experienced workplace violence, and 64.22% encountered it occasionally. Depressive symptoms were associated with frequent workplace violence, long working hours (more than 45 hours per week), frequent night shifts (two or more per week), and specific departments. These findings indicate that interventions to minimize workload and improve nurse-patient relationships are essential to combat depressive symptoms among nurses. Additionally, in the prevention and management of depression among nurses, we must consider inter-department differences.
Objectives
. Yoga is used for a variety of immunological, neuromuscular, psychological, and pain conditions. Recent studies indicate that it may be effective in improving pregnancy, labour, and birth outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the existing literature on yoga for pregnancy.
Methods
. Six databases were searched using the terms “yoga AND pregnancy” and “yoga AND [post-natal OR post-partum]”. Trials were considered if they were controlled and evaluated a yoga intervention. All studies were evaluated for methodological quality according to the Jadad scale and the Delphi List.
Results
. Six trials were identified: three were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three were controlled trials (CTs). The methodological quality and reporting ranged from 0–5 on the Jadad scale and from 3–6 on the Delphi List. Findings from the RCT studies indicate that yoga may produce improvements in stress levels, quality of life, aspects of interpersonal relating, autonomic nervous system functioning, and labour parameters such as comfort, pain, and duration.
Conclusions
. The findings suggest that yoga is well indicated for pregnant women and leads to improvements on a variety of pregnancy, labour, and birth outcomes. However, RCTs are needed to provide more information regarding the utility of yoga interventions for pregnancy.
Objective:
The effects of prenatal yoga on biological indicators have not been widely studied. Thus, we compared changes in stress and immunity salivary biomarkers from 16 to 36 weeks' gestation between women receiving prenatal yoga and those receiving routine prenatal care.
Design:
For this longitudinal, prospective, randomized controlled trial, we recruited 94 healthy pregnant women at 16 weeks' gestation through convenience sampling from a prenatal clinic in Taipei. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n=48) or control (n=46) groups using Clinstat block randomization.
Intervention:
The 20-week intervention comprised two weekly 70-min yoga sessions led by a midwife certified as a yoga instructor; the control group received only routine prenatal care.
Main outcome measures:
In both groups, participants' salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A levels were collected before and after yoga every 4 weeks from 16 to 36 weeks' gestation.
Results:
The intervention group had lower salivary cortisol (p<0.001) and higher immunoglobulin A (p<0.001) levels immediately after yoga than the control group. Specifically, the intervention group had significantly higher long-term salivary immunoglobulin A levels than the control group (p=0.018), and infants born to women in the intervention group weighed more than those born to the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
Prenatal yoga significantly reduced pregnant women's stress and enhanced their immune function. Clinicians should learn the mechanisms of yoga and its effects on pregnant women. Our findings can guide clinicians to help pregnant women alleviate their stress and enhance their immune function.
Background:
Excessive stress during pregnancy may cause mental disorders in pregnant women and inhibit fetal growth. Yoga may alleviate stress during pregnancy.
Aim:
To verify the immediate effects of yoga on stress response during pregnancy.
Methods:
One group pre-post test was conducted at a hospital in Japan. We recruited 60 healthy primiparas without complications and asked them to attend yoga classes twice a month and to practice yoga at their homes using DVD 3 times a week from 20 gestational weeks until childbirth. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase concentration were measured before and after yoga classes at time 1 (27-32 gestational weeks) and time 2 (34-37 gestational weeks). Subjective mood was assessed using the profile of mood states. Saliva values and mood scores before and after each yoga class were compared using paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, respectively.
Findings:
We analyzed 44 and 35 women at time 1 and time 2, respectively. The mean salivary cortisol concentration declined significantly after each yoga class [time 1: 0.36-0.26μg/dL (p<0.001), time 2: 0.32-0.26μg/dL (p=0.001)]. The mean salivary alpha-amylase concentration also decreased significantly following each class [time 1: 72.2-50.8kU/L (p=0.001), time 2: 70.6-52.7kU/L (p=0.006)]. The scores for negative dimensions of mood (Trait-Anxiety, Depression, Anger-Hostility, Fatigue, and Confusion) decreased significantly. The scores of Vigor for a positive dimension of mood significantly increased.
Conclusion:
This study indicated the immediate stress reduction effects of yoga during pregnancy.
Yoga may be well suited for depressed and anxious pregnant women, given reported benefits of meditation and physical activity and pregnant women's preference for nonpharmacological treatments.
We randomly assigned 46 pregnant women with symptoms of depression and anxiety to an 8-week yoga intervention or treatment-as-usual (TAU) in order to examine feasibility and preliminary outcomes.
Yoga was associated with high levels of credibility and satisfaction as an intervention for depression and anxiety during pregnancy. Participants in both conditions reported significant improvement in symptoms of depression and anxiety over time; and yoga was associated with significantly greater reduction in negative affect as compared to TAU (β = -0.53, SE = 0.20, p = .011).
Prenatal yoga was found to be a feasible and acceptable intervention and was associated with reductions in symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, prenatal yoga only significantly outperformed TAU on reduction of negative affect.
Published by Elsevier Ltd.
To study the effect of integrated yoga practice and guided yogic relaxation on both perceived stress and measured autonomic response in healthy pregnant women.
The 122 healthy women recruited between the 18th and 20th week of pregnancy at prenatal clinics in Bangalore, India, were randomized to practicing yoga and deep relaxation or standard prenatal exercises 1-hour daily. The results for the 45 participants per group who completed the study were evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance.
Perceived stress decreased by 31.57% in the yoga group and increased by 6.60% in the control group (P=0.001). During a guided relaxation period in the yoga group, compared with values obtained before a practice session, the high-frequency band of the heart rate variability spectrum (parasympathetic) increased by 64% in the 20th week and by 150% in the 36th week, and both the low-frequency band (sympathetic), and the low-frequency to high-frequency ratio were concomitantly reduced (P<0.001 between the 2 groups). Moreover, the low-frequency band remained decreased after deep relaxation in the 36th week in the yoga group.
Yoga reduces perceived stress and improves adaptive autonomic response to stress in healthy pregnant women.