TransArea: A Literary History of Globalization
... Yano [64] states that "'[m]igration narratives' of the Federal Republic of Germany include the works not only of the so-called "Gastarbeitern", but also written by other foreigners; lately, this group also embraces repatriates, i.e., Germans from Eastern Europe" (p. 1). Rösch [53] elaborates that "'[m]igrants' literature' is used to describe literature written by migrants and is considered to be an offshoot of the concept 'foreign perspectives and concepts of "New World Literature" [61], "ex(tra)territoriality" [47], transculturality and mobility [34], writing in-between worlds, and literature of movement [37], [50], to name just a few, reflect migratory patterns and issues that are not addressed in the texts selected for the current study. ...
The book compares the texts of three Swiss authors: Ella Maillart, Annemarie Schwarzenbach and Nicolas Bouvier. The focus is on their trip from Genève to Kabul that Ella Maillart and Annemarie Schwarzenbach made together in 1939/1940 and Nicolas Bouvier 1953/1954 with the artist Thierry Vernet. The comparison shows the strong connection between the journey and life and between ars vivendi and travel literature. This book also gives an overview of and organises the numerous terms, genres, and categories that already exist to describe various travel texts and proposes the new term travelling narration. The travelling narration looks at the text from a narratological perspective that distinguishes the author, narrator, and protagonist within the narration. In the examination, ten motifs could be found to characterise the travelling narration: Culture, Crossing Borders, Freedom, Time and Space, the Aesthetics of Landscapes, Writing and Reading, the Self and/as the Other, Home, Religion and Spirituality as well as the Journey. The importance of each individual motif does not only apply in the 1930s or 1950s but also transmits important findings for living together today and in the future.
This argument shows that the idea of world literature emerged about 50 years earlier than hitherto believed in the work of Giambattista Vico and was perfected in the post-war era in the collaborative ventures of the British scholar A. T. Hatto which founded the science of ethnopoetics.
„Wie brasilianisch müssen Brasilianer sein?“ fragt Hugo Loetscher in seinem Artikel zur Frankfurter Buchmesse 1994 mit Schwerpunkt Brasilien. Damit bringt er den Konstruktcharakter des präsentierten Konzepts von ‚brasilianischer Literatur‘ auf den Punkt, das letztlich mehr über den eigenen Standpunkt aussagt als über den vermeintlichen Gegenstand. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird mit dem Beitrag das ‚Lateinamerika-Programm‘ des Suhrkamp Verlags analysiert, durch das in den 1970er bis 1990er Jahren zahlreiche Werke süd- und mittelamerikanischer Schriftstellerinnen und Schriftsteller ins Deutsche übertragen wurden. Aus den Verlagsmaterialien lässt sich nicht nur die Idee von ‚Lateinamerika‘ und ‚lateinamerikanischer Literatur‘ ablesen, sondern vor dieser Folie auch die damit implizierte Idee von ‚deutscher‘ oder ‚europäischer‘ Literatur. Verlagspolitik, so die zentrale These des Beitrags, geht immer mit einer bestimmten Wissensproduktion einher, ist aber zugleich auch Resultat der spezifischen historischen, kontextuellen Bedingungen. Dabei spielen die wirtschaftlichen Interessen an Lateinamerika oder die Studentenrevolten der 1960er Jahre ebenso eine Rolle wie fortbestehende (post-)koloniale, hegemoniale Denkmuster.
World Literature is a vital part of twentieth-first century critical and comparative literary studies. As a field that engages seriously with function of literary studies in our global era, the study of World literature requires new approaches. The Cambridge History of World Literature is founded on the assumption that World Literature is not all literatures of the world nor a canonical set of globally successful literary works. It highlights scholarship on literary works that focus on the logics of circulation drawn from multiple literary cultures and technologies of the textual. While not rejecting the nation as a site of analysis, these volumes will offer insights into new cartographies – the hemispheric, the oceanic, the transregional, the archipelagic, the multilingual local – that better reflect the multi-scalar and spatially dispersed nature of literary production. It will interrogate existing historical, methodological and cartographic boundaries, and showcase humanistic and literary endeavors in the face of world scale environmental and humanitarian catastrophes.
Resumen: Este artículo tiene como propósito entregar algunos elementos de análisis que permitan comprender la historia del reino de Chile como una parte de la historia de la globalización moderna. Para ello, recurriendo a nuevas corrientes historiográficas que muestran que la monarquía española desarrolló un modelo policéntrico de administración, el trabajo propone que considerar a los actores locales, especialmente en territorios de frontera, como conectores que lograron vincular e integrar realidades políticas, físicas y culturales lejanas rompiendo con el modelo explicativo centro-periferia. El caso de la "Plaza fuerte y Vecindad" de Valdivia en el siglo XVIII ejemplifica como núcleos urbanos de naturaleza híbrida son expresiones de relaciones complejas en el ámbito local, regional y global.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide some historical elements of analysis that allow us to understand the history of the kingdom of Chile in this period as a part of the history of modern globalization. Incorporating new historiographic currents that shows the Spanish monarchy as a polycentric monarchy, the paper proposes that local actors must be considered, especially in border territories, as a connectors who linked and integrate distant political, physical and cultural realities, breaking with the explanatory center-periphery model. The case of the city of Valdivia in the 18th century shows how hybrid urban centers were expressions of complex relationships on the local, regional and global scale.
Wer sich den Werken Alexander von Humboldts annähert und sich einen ersten Überblick verschafft, ist zunächst von der überraschenden Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Wissenschaften beeindruckt, auf deren Wissen der Verfasser des Amerikanischen (s. Kap. 5) und des Asiatischen Reisewerkes (s. Kap. 7) zurückgreift. Von Altamerikanistik und Anthropologie, Astronomie und Archäologie, Biologie und Botanik, Chemie und Dendrologie reicht das Spektrum über Geographie und Geologie, Geschichtswissenschaft und Gesellschaftswissenschaft, Klimatologie und Kulturgeschichte, Kunst und Kameralistik, Mathematik und Meteorologie bis hin zu Physik und Philologie, Philosophie und Pflanzengeographie, Sprachwissenschaft und Sternenkunde, Vulkanologie und Zoologie, ohne darüber für ihn so wichtige Wissenschaften wie Bergbaukunde oder Geognosie, Kartographie oder Literaturgeschichte, Ökonomie oder Seefahrtskunde, Verwaltungswissenschaft oder Wissenschaftsgeschichte zu vergessen.
This chapter explores the friction between academic and fictional knowledge. Academic cultural studies focus mainly on the thematisation of place in literature. Many contemporary works of fiction, though, conceptualise place as a problem. In contrast with identitary projects, the chapter analyses different ways in which contemporary Cuban writing plays with non-referentiality and displacements, the erasure of the nation’s name, and the deconstruction of the national symbol. Certain novels turn places into spaces and go against state and marketing logic. The text explores diverse modes of deterritorialisation proposed by Cuban literature of the twenty-first century, and the ways in which this narrative is imagining a community other than the immanent model of nation.
Neste nosso trabalho, pretendemos enfocar dois autores brasileiros que trataram da questão das migrações políticas: Milton Hatoum e Godofredo de Oliveira Neto. Como veremos, Hatoum, principalmente em seus romances amazônicos, enfocou a vida de imigrantes árabes na Amazônia, e recentemente aponta, em A noite da espera, primeiro romance de sua mais recente trilogia, para a questão da migração por razões políticas, de que já havia tratado em um conto publicado anteriormente. A migração por razões políticas é também o tema do outro romance de que trataremos aqui, Amores exilados, de Godofredo de Oliveira Neto.
General education curricula and learning outcomes have gained increased attention in undergraduate education. Often missing in the discussion, however, is discussion of today's globally diverse learning environment. This reflective article begins with some of the original ideas of general education in the early nineteenth century. It connects these ideas with today's global discourses, concluding with the idea we must redefine global citizenship in current general education curricula, specifically in the area of English Language Learning (ELL). The article further describes how diverse knowledge perspectives and the multiplicity of meanings, derived from students' bicultural backgrounds, can form the foundation of a content-based curriculum around the theme “The City in World History.” The purpose of this curriculum is to help students orient in historical time and place and allow a sharing of perspectives, which helps form connections between their own reference framework and the ones of their peers. Preliminary results show enhanced learner motivation and a stronger sense of belonging in the academic learning environment, which may lead to greater students' academic success. Ultimately, through such a learning experience, students may position themselves as citizens of the world regardless of their cultural backgrounds.
Las reseñas se consignan a continuación del libro (o artículo reseñado). Cuando éste se ha descrito en una entrega anterior de la Bibliografía, se pone entre paréntesis el número de ficha correspondiente. También se hacen referencias a ediciones anteriores de una obra, a tomos anteriores de una obra en curso de publicación, etc. En estos casos, la cifra que precede al número de referencia indica el volumen de la NRFH en que figura la ficha en cuestión. Así, el "núm. 39-39695" corresponde a la ficha 39695, la cual está en el volumen 39 de la NRFH. Cuando no hay cifra inicial, ha de entenderse que el número remite a una ficha incluida en el presente fascículo.
Mit diesen wohlformulierten poetischen Worten in englischer Sprache ruft der 1956 in Port-Louis auf Mauritius geborene, aus einer von Indien auf die Insel eingewanderten Familie stammende Dichter, Filmemacher und Kulturtheoretiker Khal Torabully eine Welt auf, die eine andere und wohl mehr noch eine weitere, nicht auf das Mittelmeer begrenzte Odyssee zu erzählen vermag. Bereits seit den achtziger Jahren des zurückliegenden Jahrhunderts entfaltet der in verschiedenen Sprachen, vor allem aber auf Französisch und Englisch schreibende Autor das Projekt jener Coolitude, die im Mai 2018 in einem großen Festival de la Coolitude in zahlreichen Lesungen, Vorträgen und Performances nicht auf der Insel im Indischen Ozean, sondern Tausende von Kilometern entfernt auf der Insel Guadeloupe gefeiert wurde.
In 1964, Mexico and the Philippines commemorated the fourth centenary of Miguel López de Legazpi and Andrés de Urdaneta’s 1564 expedition from New Spain to the Philippines. Celebrations, which were held in Mexico and the Philippines, included gift exchanges, the inauguration of monuments and lectures by politicians, diplomats and scholars from both nations. This transpacific encounter resonates with Enrique Dussel’s call for more “transversal” dialogues between intellectuals from the so-called peripheries of the world. However, participants in this collaboration were not forming a new transperipheral network. Instead, they were returning to a transpacific intercolonial link that had operated from 1565 to 1815: the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade. This article focuses on the work of Mexican philosopher and diplomat Leopoldo Zea, one of the main organizers of the 1964 celebrations. While my argument is that reading José Rizal and planning the 1964 events contributed to Zea’s formulation of a vision of solidarity between nations of the so-called Third World, my ultimate objective is to rethink the “global” character of Philippine literature in Spanish through an examination of the cultural residues of the transpacific galleon trade.
Alexander von Humboldts Manuskript „Isle de Cube. Antilles en général“ lässt sich als Titel für ein ganzes Text-Archipel begreifen. Es fasziniert durch seine radikal offene Strukturierung und liefert uns eine Vorstellung vom Schreib- wie vielleicht mehr noch vom Denkmodell des Kultur- und Naturforschers. Die politische und soziale Komplexität der karibischen Inselwelt erfassen seine Textminiaturen relational und viellogisch. Sie machen ihn – zusammen mit seinen kubanischen Karten und dem Essai politique sur l’île de Cuba – zu einem bedeutenden kubanischen Schriftsteller des 19. Jahrhunderts.
Khal Torabully creates poetry and a poetics for those forgotten by history, a theorem and theory which construct a tangible and sensual landscape, allowing for an empathetically shared experience and expressing the dramatic climax of the third phase of accelerated globalization: a project that would be unthinkable without the cultural theory we now have at our disposal in the present surge of globalization. In his poetic and theoretical texts, he has paid a literary tribute to the Coolies, usually from India, but also China and many other countries. Given Torabully's Mauritian roots, but also the worldwide migration of the Coolies themselves, the world of Coolitude is culturally and linguistically extremely diverse, making the act of translation very relevant and giving it multiple meanings. Literature brings these forgotten lives back to life and allows us to share this experience thanks to its aesthetic force. It traces the movements, which sketch trajectories functioning to this day as palimpsest-like vectors of our own paths and trajectories. The author of Chair Corail, Fragments Coolies breaks the chain of mutual exclusions, replacing it with a type of writing belonging to a wider array of expressive modes which in diasporic situations unleash polylogical and archipelagic imaginaries.
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