Resilience: The governance of complexity
... Identifying the characteristics of a resilient organisation Exploring the relationship between Resilience and Complexity Applying the concept of a Complex Adaptive System for an assessment of the holistic view (Aritua et al., 2009), and is applied in order to better understand and address complex issues (Van Beurden et al., 2011) Furthermore, it provides a basis for understanding and exploring Resilience as an emergent property (Whitty and Maylor, 2009;Howell, 2012;CRRI, 2013;Chandler, 2014) that concerns a system's ability to deal with high levels of uncertainty (Capra, 1996;Adger, 2000;Bell, 2002). Moreover, this particular objective help us to explore ...
... Resilience as the ability of a system to adapt to a threat (Jackson, 2010;Jackson and Ferris, 2013). Finally, it supports us in understanding Resilience as an emergent and adaptive process (Drazin and Van de Ven, 1985;Mallak, 1998;Chandler, 2014). ...
... A further view of 'Resilience' is as "an inherent and dynamic attribute of the community…" (CRRI, 2013). Chandler (2014) highlights that 'Resilience' has been defined in post-classical framing as an emergent and adaptive procedure of subject/object interrelations. In this formulation, there is no collocation of subject and object, e.g. ...
Understanding ERM processes and their practical application helps us to discover how organizations can deal with emerging risks. Although the traditional ERM approach gained renewed interest following the 2008 financial crisis and is applied for legal and regulatory compliance, it is not very effective in addressing unexpected and potentially catastrophic risks. A more holistic approach to risk management is required, which we might call Enterprise Resilience. In this chapter, the various definitions of ERM and its processes are discussed, and the distinction between ERM and Enterprise Resilience is clarified, so that we might better understand the interdependencies of the risks that organizations face, and how they might align their strategy and objectives with such risks.Enterprise Resilience is designed to provide a methodology for the integration of emergent risks with strategic risk, and for recognizing the interconnectedness of risks so as to enable practitioners to interrelate emerging risks through robust analytical methods.
... Identifying the characteristics of a resilient organisation Exploring the relationship between Resilience and Complexity Applying the concept of a Complex Adaptive System for an assessment of the holistic view (Aritua et al., 2009), and is applied in order to better understand and address complex issues (Van Beurden et al., 2011) Furthermore, it provides a basis for understanding and exploring Resilience as an emergent property (Whitty and Maylor, 2009;Howell, 2012;CRRI, 2013;Chandler, 2014) that concerns a system's ability to deal with high levels of uncertainty (Capra, 1996;Adger, 2000;Bell, 2002). Moreover, this particular objective help us to explore ...
... Resilience as the ability of a system to adapt to a threat (Jackson, 2010;Jackson and Ferris, 2013). Finally, it supports us in understanding Resilience as an emergent and adaptive process (Drazin and Van de Ven, 1985;Mallak, 1998;Chandler, 2014). ...
... A further view of 'Resilience' is as "an inherent and dynamic attribute of the community…" (CRRI, 2013). Chandler (2014) highlights that 'Resilience' has been defined in post-classical framing as an emergent and adaptive procedure of subject/object interrelations. In this formulation, there is no collocation of subject and object, e.g. ...
This chapter describes an ERM case study that includes the Governance process for ensuring the transparency of consequences and the way senior executives direct and control their organization. There are different interests and expectations at every level, such as the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board, the Board itself, the Executive Board, the Corporate Risk Committee, the divisional lines, the business-unit lines, the country lines and, finally, middle- and lower management. Nevertheless, the Board of Directors provides a functioning ERM system that will not overlook any major issues that could harm the business.The way that corporate finance, risk management, and external audit functions—including governance owners such as IT, HR, legal-&-compliance, and the supply chain—cooperate with each other is presented, as is an explanation of how emergent risks are identified at corporate level. Furthermore, the decision-making processes on individual project portfolios, including business risk, legal-&-compliance, commercial, and various technical areas are discussed.
... Identifying the characteristics of a resilient organisation Exploring the relationship between Resilience and Complexity Applying the concept of a Complex Adaptive System for an assessment of the holistic view (Aritua et al., 2009), and is applied in order to better understand and address complex issues (Van Beurden et al., 2011) Furthermore, it provides a basis for understanding and exploring Resilience as an emergent property (Whitty and Maylor, 2009;Howell, 2012;CRRI, 2013;Chandler, 2014) that concerns a system's ability to deal with high levels of uncertainty (Capra, 1996;Adger, 2000;Bell, 2002). Moreover, this particular objective help us to explore ...
... Resilience as the ability of a system to adapt to a threat (Jackson, 2010;Jackson and Ferris, 2013). Finally, it supports us in understanding Resilience as an emergent and adaptive process (Drazin and Van de Ven, 1985;Mallak, 1998;Chandler, 2014). ...
... A further view of 'Resilience' is as "an inherent and dynamic attribute of the community…" (CRRI, 2013). Chandler (2014) highlights that 'Resilience' has been defined in post-classical framing as an emergent and adaptive procedure of subject/object interrelations. In this formulation, there is no collocation of subject and object, e.g. ...
An analysis of the four knowledge areas of Strategy, Resilience, Complexity, and ERM has allowed us to better understand their relationship with each other. We know that changes in the business and operating environment influence strategic thinking and decision-making, making strategic planning essential. It is now time to turn our attention to how this knowledge and understanding might be employed to create a strategy that will be effective in times of uncertainty arising from complex environmental changes that can severely damage business continuity. The proposed Enterprise Resilience Framework can form the basis of this strategy.The characteristics of strategic management are identified, with a look at the critical factors of strategic decision-making and those contributing to Complexity. The relationships between nine key strategic factors and resilience are established, and the processes of different ERM frameworks and risk factors are shown.
... Identifying the characteristics of a resilient organisation Exploring the relationship between Resilience and Complexity Applying the concept of a Complex Adaptive System for an assessment of the holistic view (Aritua et al., 2009), and is applied in order to better understand and address complex issues (Van Beurden et al., 2011) Furthermore, it provides a basis for understanding and exploring Resilience as an emergent property (Whitty and Maylor, 2009;Howell, 2012;CRRI, 2013;Chandler, 2014) that concerns a system's ability to deal with high levels of uncertainty (Capra, 1996;Adger, 2000;Bell, 2002). Moreover, this particular objective help us to explore ...
... Resilience as the ability of a system to adapt to a threat (Jackson, 2010;Jackson and Ferris, 2013). Finally, it supports us in understanding Resilience as an emergent and adaptive process (Drazin and Van de Ven, 1985;Mallak, 1998;Chandler, 2014). ...
... A further view of 'Resilience' is as "an inherent and dynamic attribute of the community…" (CRRI, 2013). Chandler (2014) highlights that 'Resilience' has been defined in post-classical framing as an emergent and adaptive procedure of subject/object interrelations. In this formulation, there is no collocation of subject and object, e.g. ...
In this chapter, the various definitions of Strategy are considered in theoretical terms. In order to understand how effective emergent strategies are characterized by Resilience, the following are discussed:
Qualifying Enterprise Resilience as a Strategic Objective
Qualifying ERM as a Strategic Decision-making Property
The proposed relationships between, respectively, strategy and resilience, strategy and ERM, and Strategic management and strategy formulation
It can be seen that strategic management is a framework for analyzing the environment, for integrating enterprise activities, for learning, and for adapting to change. It ensures business continuity, thus creating added value for shareholders and stakeholders, both in the present and into the future, even in times of complex environmental change.Resilience is, it can therefore be concluded, a strategic objective, since effective emergent strategies are characterized by Resilience, while ERM is a property of strategic thinking and decision-making.
... Identifying the characteristics of a resilient organisation Exploring the relationship between Resilience and Complexity Applying the concept of a Complex Adaptive System for an assessment of the holistic view (Aritua et al., 2009), and is applied in order to better understand and address complex issues (Van Beurden et al., 2011) Furthermore, it provides a basis for understanding and exploring Resilience as an emergent property (Whitty and Maylor, 2009;Howell, 2012;CRRI, 2013;Chandler, 2014) that concerns a system's ability to deal with high levels of uncertainty (Capra, 1996;Adger, 2000;Bell, 2002). Moreover, this particular objective help us to explore ...
... Resilience as the ability of a system to adapt to a threat (Jackson, 2010;Jackson and Ferris, 2013). Finally, it supports us in understanding Resilience as an emergent and adaptive process (Drazin and Van de Ven, 1985;Mallak, 1998;Chandler, 2014). ...
... A further view of 'Resilience' is as "an inherent and dynamic attribute of the community…" (CRRI, 2013). Chandler (2014) highlights that 'Resilience' has been defined in post-classical framing as an emergent and adaptive procedure of subject/object interrelations. In this formulation, there is no collocation of subject and object, e.g. ...
The purpose here is to better understand the characteristics of Enterprise Resilience and how it is concerned with emergence—a characteristic of Complexity (discussed in Chap. 4)—and the relationship between Resilience and Complexity is explored. Discussion includes the identification of the characteristics of a resilient organization and the application of the concept of a Complex Adaptive System for a holistic assessment of complex issues in order to address them. The assessment of Organizational Resilience and Risk Management can and should be aligned, to close the dangerous gap in the Resilience profile of an enterprise. Ultimately, Resilience can be considered an emergent property that concerns a system’s ability to deal with high levels of uncertainty and to adapt to Black Swan threats, and an emergent, adaptive process.An Enterprise Risk Framework is offered, which is suitable for establishing Organizational Resilience as a strategic objective that can be defined by competitive advantage, business continuity, stakeholders, and value for shareholders.
... Resilience is orchestrated across dispersed scales and envelops all manner of state and non-state actors in its operation. As such scale is fundamental to work that argues that resilience exceeds classical hierarchical and centralized formations of power (Chandler, 2014, Collier and Lakoff, 2021, Grove, 2018, O'Grady and Parzniewski, 2022. Focusing on scale also opens up to consideration the circuitous qualities with which resilience has been endowed; operating as a vessel for the transferal of ideas, ways of life, and underpinning power relations, across different fields of application (Rogers, Bohland and Lawrence, 2020). ...
Scholars have afforded much attention to environmental justice issues amid the recent global surge in climate resilience efforts. And yet our analysis of these issues frequently falls back on reductionist modes of critique that presume to know resilience's implications for justice before actual inquiry. Ontological claims abound about resilience being neoliberalism or neo-colonialism incarnate and as such always-already complicit in the production of myriad injustices. This paper takes up geography's recent revival in interest with pragmatist and conjunctural methodologies to offer a more nuanced account of resilience and justice. In so doing, it introduces the notion of 'just resilience' to foreground and explore the influence of state-based conceptualizations of justice in structuring major interventions carried out to adapt to and mitigate climate change. I compartmentalize just resilience into three related heuristically informed concepts to analyze its emergence in our shared present, evaluate how it shapes government intervention and highlight some of its consequences. Topological composition addresses how particular understandings of justice have been constructed through dialogue between government actors and communities disproportionately affected by environmental harm. Through translational logistics, I elaborate on how these conceptualizations of justice orient the uneven movement of resilience projects across different communities. Finally, relational conceptualizations of scale considers the effects that prevail where multiple different resilience projects are undertaken in the same local site simultaneously. Contrasting with mainstream critiques, a pragmatist-conjunctural approach emphasizes the possibility that resilience can operate as a vessel for the pursuit of environmental justice. Nevertheless, it also raises substantial concerns about: the extent to which the meaning communities invest into justice translates into governmental practice, the asymmetries in political agency that just resilience affords different people and the tendency of resilience projects to produce effects that compromise the very forms of justice that putatively structure their enactment. The paper substantiates its argument through research into the Justice40 initiative that continues to structure some ongoing climate resilience programs in the United States.
... For this reason -among others - (Ensor, 2011) introduces the concept of social resilience. In further exploring the change processes, a fourth type of resilience is introduced: the ability to deal with a never-ending sequence of disturbances (Chandler, 2014). ...
Whereas many organisations focus on the optimal functioning of their processes to achieve their goals, we nowadays see organisational challenges spreading to their functioning within networks. This poses a significant question for management and leadership: Are their decisions shaping or controlling their own or the network partners’ functioning? However, modern networks grant partners autonomy to make their choices, believing that the collective outcome of these autonomous decision processes can also yield results. However, cooperative decision-making between network partners is pivotal in today's society. Finding a balance between control over the network, autonomy of the partners and cooperation between them leads to what is often referred to as the emergent behaviour of the network. So, 'context is leading' requires reacting fast and efficiently to become a resilient organisational network. It is becoming evident that the resilience within network functioning lies in the exchange of information and data availability. In current practice, partners often seek solutions by striving for unity of language and/or data dictionaries. Unfortunately, this approach doesn’t lead to optimal results in day-to-day practice. We propagate the adoption of a different approach. This article presents a non-invasive perspective on micro-contexts and their emerging information systems. By engaging these systems in their current form through formalised abstractions, we suggest effectively linking information and data sources to enhance information exchange and data availability. Improving information exchange will show itself instantly as an advanced governance tool
... 58 Absent some widespread backlash in the coming election year, there is little doubt that this project will go ahead in some form. While the plans for Long Island are far from settled, the still-speculative Long Island project is ripe for analysis as a prominent reclamation project, as it will 54 Anderson 2015;Chandler 2014;Chandler and Reid 2016;Joseph 2013. 55 Marx 1977. ...
Over the last sixty ears, Singapore has expanded its land footprint over twenty-five percent by reclaiming land from the sea. Its outsized demand for sand to resource these projects has rendered regional sand markets precarious, and successive countries have banned sand exports to Singapore. Nevertheless, the Singapore government has committed to spending 767 million) a year until 2100 to mitigate sea level rise. While this includes a range of strategies, from improving drainage infrastructure to exploring adaptive solutions, in the main this involves reclaiming vast amounts of land from the sea to act as a bulwark against rising tides. These plans for resilience will be examined through the spectre of Long Island, a proposed project that will act as a barrier against sea level rise and incorporate nature-based solutions that are emblematic of resilience fetishism, all the while obscuring the more foundational element of this resilience, which is sand that will be obtained through granular arbitrage.
... Resilience concerns how systems (actors, organizations, and institutions) respond and adapt to rapid change, increasing complexity, and unexpected events (Giske & Pinheiro 2021). It is also a way of constituting and understanding the complex world (Chandler 2014). Resilience can thus be seen as a potential institutional, individual (or HRM) answer to increasing complexity. ...
We explore increasing complexity, resilience (how a system adapts and responds to increasing complexity and radical change), and potential human resource management (HRM) responses to change in higher education at a Nordic institution. HRM is seen as a shared function. As an empirical illustration, we interviewed nine leading academics in dominant and leading administrative positions in one Nordic university. Responses to a major change (CoARA) were discussed. We analyze the possible HRM responses in the context of major but fuzzy changes: How do leading academics forming the HRM policy perceive expectations of role change and how do the respondents demonstrate resilience when interpreting the early signs of a major change? The overall initial reactions to the change (CoARA) were hesitant. We propose the concept of emergent resilience and a model to describe its dynamics. Potential implications for HRM in the face of complexity and change are discussed.
... suffice it to say in this dissertation that the very same unacknowledged scholars who used the phrase "adverse childhood experiences" for decades before Felitti and Anda were also central to research on the role resilience played in developmental trajectories (e.g., Rutter & Maughan, 1979;Rutter, 1980;Rutter, 1984;Rutter, 1985;Rutter, 1987;Masten et al., 1990;Rutter, 1990;Rutter, 1994). The neoliberalization of resilience discourse has also been a growing focus of scholarship (e.g., Chandler, 2014;Mavelli, 2017;Lawrence et al., 2018) Relative to ACEs discourse, the goal of understanding the biology of resilience and / or the "science of hope" (Redford, 2016;Müller & Kenney, 2021) (Redford, 2015;Redford, 2016) and strategic public messaging (Sweetland, 2021), the concept is touted as ACEs' elixir a "pervasive concept that does a lot of heavy lifting" while obscuring "deterministic narratives" likewise pervasive throughout ACE discourse (Lacey & Minnis, 2020, pp. 116-17). ...
This discourse analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) applies theories of genealogy to trace the lineages upon which ACEs is premised and to theorize how, as a product of their continuities and discontinuities, ACEs emerged as a truth regime and contemporary biopolitics. I unearth the lost history of the phrase “adverse childhood experiences” beginning in 1948, a full 50 years before Robert Anda and Vincent Felitti were able to publish the ACE Study (Felitti et al., 1998). I highlight the significant contributions of psychiatrist and psychologist Sir Michael Rutter, the credited founder of child psychiatry; developmental epidemiology; developmental genetics; and developmental psychopathology. It was Rutter who first applied the pharmacology of “dose-effect” to measure “doses” of deprivation (King's College London, 2021), a methodological contribution that would become foundational to ACE research , and whose scholarship examined adverse childhood experiences and the protective factors of resilience nearly two decades before the ACEs studies – but who Anda and Felitti never acknowledged, instead claiming their roles as pioneers of ACE science. I then
consider the rise of neoliberal shifts that led to the emergence of the second revolution of public health, in which the Healthy People Initiative, the United States’ leading public health framework, characterized contemporary biopolitical strategies for the role of individuals in public health outcomes and called for biometric surveillance strategies to measure, predict, and optimize wellness and increase national human capital. My genealogy contextualizes these shifts amidst adjacent events, which supported the expansion of public health agendas and paved the way for the ACE campaign. I argue that the biopolitics of ACEs – a dispositif whose truth regime; multinational, multi-sector public health campaign; frame for social policy; global data gathering regime, and centerpiece of intervention strategies – contribute to its eugenic genealogical continuities and neoliberal distinctions.
... Finally, complex systems are self-organizing, meaning that the feedback loops tend to push the system toward a state of equilibrium, even in the absence of specific planning or (foreign) intervention. Thinking about peace as an emergent property of complex systems makes concepts like the local [49][50][51], friction [87], resilience [88], and hybridity [89] even more relevant. As de Coning notes, if the system is self-organizing, intervention can also be seen as an interruption preventing such organization ( [79], pp. ...
Recent years have seen a surge in renewed academic interest in positive concepts of peace. This chapter takes stock of these developments, arguing that three trends can be observed. First, in a quest to make positive peace measurable, additional indicators of peace are added to the absence of war, mostly relying on existing databases. Second, in an attempt to capture the varieties of peace that resonate with inhabitants of postwar countries, authors rely on interviews with various groups to construct locally grounded notions of peace. Third, the ontological status of peace is reconceptualized. Rather than being a (utopian?) state of affairs, peace is said to be a process, an emergent phenomenon, or a quality of relationships between actors. The uptake of these three trends is that we are left with a variety of peace paradigms for local and international peacebuilders to work on. Consequently, special attention should be paid to concepts of peace that resonate with rising powers in peacebuilding and with populations in conflict-affected areas. The chapter concludes that the field of peace studies is maturing into a separate discipline, following a different logic than that of conflict studies, holistic rather than reductionist, bottom-up rather than top-down and focusing on long-term change rather than quick problem-solving.
... Выделяют два этапа развития взглядов на понятие резилиентности [Chandler, 2014]: классический этап связан с определением резилиентности как готовности поглощать возмущения, «возвращаться в норму» и восстанавливаться после стресса, сохраняя прежние функции и структуру [Lerch, 2017]. Но неизменность статус-кво может препятствовать долгосрочной жизнеспособности системы 4 , поэтому в рамках постклассического подхода резилиентность рассматривается как адаптация к жизни в сложном социальном мире, неотделимая от адаптивности и трансформируемости. ...
Данная глава монографии «Человеческий потенциал: современные трактовки и результаты исследований» посвящена взаимосвязи и взаимовлиянию человеческого потенциала и территориальной резилиентности — комплексного феномена, включающего в себя ландшафтную, экономическую и социальную резилиентность. В данной главе мы сосредоточимся на обзоре экономической резилиентности российских территорий, поскольку именно она сталкивается с наиболее значимыми шоками. Сначала мы рассматриваем место российских городов в международном разделении труда на основе присутствия многонациональных компаний. Затем мы анализируем различные аспекты резилиентности во взаимосвязи с человеческим потенциалом в условиях пандемии COVID-19: состояние сферы услуг, рынков труда.
... On the contrary, investigating the conceptual nuances of changing (or persisting) meaning would require a more theory-driven investigation of the concepts that are constructed as norms. Accordingly, for EU internal governance, a critical assessment of the resilience concept and its adherence to (neo) liberal reasoning as well as to social and physical mobility, which is increasingly discussed in social-theoretical studies (see Chandler, 2014;Urry, 2016; for a critical assessment of its socialscientific usage see Olsson et al., 2015), could provide further interesting insights in that regard. 3 In analysing a set of strategic documents published less than 1 year after the crisis hit, we already found ample evidence to suggest that a gradual discursive norm reconfiguration is taking place. ...
This article argues that the COVID‐19 pandemic has incited the collision of norms in sectoral European Union (EU) governance and provided an open juncture for the European Commission to engage in norm reconfiguration. Herewith, the paper expands the conceptual scope of EU‐related norm research, which by focussing on the diffusion of norms within and beyond the EU has largely omitted dynamic perspectives on norms so far. We combine International Relations norm research with EU governance literature to scrutinise the normative underpinnings of the immediate crisis response within Commission sectoral strategies and working programs. Empirically, the paper focuses on the higher education and transport sectors, which have been particularly impacted by the COVID‐19 crisis and targeted by the EU crisis response. The interpretative‐qualitative analysis uncovers COVID‐19‐related collisions within the ideational constellation of EU governance and shows that the European Commission has engaged in different reconfiguration practices, potentially altering the norm constellation in the investigated sectoral governance areas.
... Concerning the first question, conceptualizing resilience attempts to deal with the confusion about it (Chandler, 2014). ...
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the dilemma of resilience for the donors and the hosts in response for the Syrian refugee crisis in the case of Jordan and the European Union (EU) and how Jordan and the EU attempt to tackle it. Methods: The study was conducted and built primarily upon textual analysis of secondary data of various texts from official European and Jordanian websites, news reports, and scholarly literature on resilience, as well as document analysis of different EU-Jordan official policies including their bilateral and multilateral agreements to trace the goals for Jordan and the EU within these policies ,the shift towards resilience as a priority for the EU, the new mechanisms and tools the EU uses to build resilience in Jordan, and how it might be a better strategy, at the same time, dilemma for them both. Results: The results of the study showed that resilience may appear as a dilemma; however, the EU and Jordan are working to resolve it through focusing on its bright side. More importantly, its role in preserving Jordan's social cohesion and its stability makes it a better security strategy than providing humanitarian assistance. Conclusions: The study recommends the need for strategies to enhance resilience in both Jordan and the EU. Jordan can boost exports to the EU by raising awareness about the rules of origin scheme, especially among remote area industries. The EU should find a balance between its humanitarian and political efforts in the region.
... Second, resilience is not just about responsiveness to and recovery from short-term, immediate shocks, but about longer-term transformations of livelihood systems and the relationships that make them up. 'Relational resilience' (e.g., West et al. 2020;Chandler 2014) highlights the importance of the reconfiguration of relationships, including human/nonhuman relationships, as people, labour and herds and flocks are restructured in the face of challenging events and changing contexts. A long-term perspective is called for as relationships emerge over time and in relation to wider structural features of society and political economy. ...
... Resilience can result in successful resistance to external shocks; adaptation involving adjustment and compromise; or innovation (Bouchard 2013). The latter, a more radical view, focuses on transformation, prevention and building strength (Chandler 2014;Southwick et al. 2014). Others go further and suggest that resilience occurs in the face of adversity or crisis (Humbert and Joseph 2019). ...
... In 2017, several new areas were added to the list (Polisen 2017), and the list has since been revised several times as part of a national crime-prevention strategy. thought to be embedded in social interactions and community relations; it should not be imposed on the community from above or from external instructors and experts (Chandler 2014). ...
Taking as our point of departure a prevention initiative involving Arabic-speaking mothers and local emergency services in a designated ‘vulnerable area’ in Sweden, the chapter aims to show how shifting notions of vulnerability and corresponding ideas of learning and responsibility work to entrench ethnic and gender divides and stereotypes, even as they promote an ethics of attentiveness and awareness. While a conventional understanding of vulnerability, in accordance with established in/equality metrics, conceives of minority-ethnic populations in deprived areas as amongst those most in need of empowerment and capacity building, a more affirming approach views vulnerability as a precondition for mutual learning, not limited to deprived or minoritized people, groups or spaces. As the term vulnerability has dispersed through contemporary prevention discourses, the ‘classical’ us/them or friend/enemy distinction is being increasingly displaced, amounting to a ‘flattening’ and ‘whitewashing’ of differentiations. The disavowal of the structural conditions of those involved in prevention measures is not simply a decoupling of vulnerability from power relations, but is itself a political strategy.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between flood safety awareness and the vulnerability/resilience associated with flood damage, focusing on the characteristics of regions that have experienced floods. Specifically, this study addresses the following research questions: (1) How does flood safety awareness vary among regions with different levels of vulnerability and resilience? (2) What patterns emerge in the relationship between regional characteristics and residents' flood safety awareness? A fuzzy analysis was used by selecting structural and social indicators to analyze vulnerability and resilience. A survey was conducted for each region to assess flood safety awareness among residents. The analysis results showed that vulnerability and resilience exhibit three distinct patterns according to regional characteristics, which correspond to the flood safety awareness of residents. Regions with low vulnerability and high resilience demonstrated high safety awareness, whereas regions with high vulnerability and low resilience demonstrated low safety awareness. This study lies in its comparative analysis of flood safety awareness across different regional contexts and its use of fuzzy analysis to provide a nuanced understanding of vulnerability and resilience. This study accurately identifies problems and regional differences by analyzing vulnerability and resilience and establishing preventive measures that fit regional characteristics. Furthermore, this study provides a guideline for suggesting effective disaster response strategies, contributing new insights into disaster preparedness and community resilience.
Palestinian women have envisioned and enacted resistance and resilience in different ways throughout the long-running Palestinian resistance movement. Strategies have ranged from direct collective actions to the resolute maintenance of everyday life in the face of ongoing occupation, settler-colonialism, displacement and violence. Palestinian women in the occupied West Bank have begun to develop tactics that attempt to negotiate a widespread aversion to ‘illegitimate’ and aid donor-prescribed actions, as well as to the gendered risks with which politically active women must contend. While this approach once encompassed the principle of resilience, recent times have seen the growing rejection of neoliberal resilience narratives in the belief that they normalize and entrench an oppressive status quo. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the West Bank, this article explores how women’s search for legitimate and feasible modes of resistance and resilience has generated tactics characterized by incrementalism, but which form part of a transformative social change strategy. In so doing, it reveals the dynamic ways in which women constantly renegotiate resistance to violence in Palestine. It also demonstrates how development models based upon neoliberal understandings of resilience exacerbate gendered impacts of insecurity while eroding women’s capacities to withstand them.
This chapter situates processes of criminalisation within the context of a broader theoretical analysis of neoliberalism. It argues that the much-debated neoliberal penality thesis provides insightful, if contested, theoretical resources into such processes. Key contributors to NLP are discussed to highlight the debates and disagreements within the literature. The chapter focuses on two ‘versions’ of neoliberalism—one ideational and one Foucauldian—that further our understanding of criminalisation and the treatment of vulnerable groups. It is argued that agnotology—the study of ignorance—is ideationally important within the context of neoliberal societies where ignorance underpins both neoliberal philosophy and practice. In the Foucauldian approach, governmentality provides an understanding of processes of subjectification through which vulnerable groups are deemed to share characteristics inimical to market rule.
Christina Pagel and colleagues argue that foresight approaches are key to preparedness for emergencies such as covid-19 and that these must be integrated within policy making at all levels
Odpowiedź na wojnę na Ukrainie jest swoistym „testem” dla UE. W rezultacie
opowiedzenia się po stronie ofiary agresji nastąpiło znaczące ograniczenie
współpracy gospodarczej z Rosją, które wpłynęło na większość obszarów działalności UE. W konsekwencji, podejście UE do tego konfliktu może rzutować
na funkcjonowanie całego projektu integracyjnego. W tym kontekście wojna na
Ukrainie zwiększyła znaczenie czy wręcz upowszechniła odwołanie do koncepcji
odporności w prawie UE. „Odporność” okazała się koncepcją pojemną i przydatną
w warunkach kolejnego (po COVID-19) kryzysu, którego doświadczyła UE. Bez
wątpienia wartością tej koncepcji jest dynamiczny charakter, jako zdolności do
dostosowania, adaptacji w zależności od okoliczności. Budowa odporności w wymiarze wewnętrznym, w tym w zakresie kluczowych obszarów gospodarczych,
może mieć również istotne znaczenie w zakresie zdolności UE do wsparcia Ukrainy.
W dłuższej perspektywie budowanie odporności gospodarczo-społecznej
przez UE może być skutecznym instrumentem nie tylko dla uniezależnienia się
gospodarczego od Rosji, lecz także zmniejszenia tego uniezależnienia od Chin.
This report provides an evidence base on how Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and Empowerment Tools (ET) can support resilience in coastal communities. Using a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA), this report synthesises the current state of the evidence concerning the role of NbS and community ET in addressing coastal challenges such as climate change across Europe. The outcomes and impacts of such approaches, and catalysts in fostering empowerment and resilience within these communities are presented, including methods and indicators to report and measure empowerment. This report is targeted for policy- and decision-makers, researchers and practitioners, exploring the nexus between coastal resilience, NbS and empowerment.
Concrete examples and a classification of Empowerment Tools are proposed to foster engagement and ownership among coastal communities - a relevant source for planning future NbS projects and coastal Living Labs in Europe and across the world.
In 2018, the UK Conservative government issued a ‘non-negotiable’ instruction for universities to make ‘positive mental health’ a strategic priority. This was responding to growing pressure from a variety of stakeholders including mental health organisations, student groups and higher education (HE) management who claimed a worsening crisis of student mental health in the UK. We conducted a qualitative media analysis (QMA) of public discussions of student mental health as a social problem in a sample of (a) newspapers and (b) policy documents produced in the UK between 2010 and 2019 using a contextual constructionist approach and Kingdon’s policy streams framework. It identifies expansive definitions of mental illness, assumptions that precede evidence-gathering, ‘professional exes’ as policy entrepreneurs, and solutions that spread risk across institutions. We conclude by discussing the shift away from autonomous subjectivity towards more heteronomous constructions. In so doing it provides an important contribution to sociological understandings of contemporary subjectivity and social policy regarding mental health in HE.
This chapter presents several theoretical and qualitative features that characterize both the concepts of resilience and social resilience. Understanding them is fundamental to the proper comanagement of dynamic and shared cultural landscapes. Secondly, it discusses the primary and secondary drivers of change in worldwide UNESCO’s agricultural landscapes in order to integrate or update resilience tools in new and existing management plans. The scope is to build effective landscape resilience by stimulating the social component through a people-centred approach and local capacity building. It shows how communities have strong links with their landscapes and vice versa, where landscapes are made up of an interweaving of tangible and intangible heritage. Finally, concurrent strategies and actions are proposed from the short to the long term, taking into account the glocal, complex, Western context.
This paper argues that a systematic understanding of local populations and their worldviews of what constitute peace – as expressed in their norms of relations holds promise for the future of peace in Africa. Africa continues to be the centre of international efforts at peacebuilding. These efforts at best have achieved mixed results, while barely addressing the root causes of violent conflicts by transforming state-society relations that breeds inclusivity and assures the progress of the collective regardless of geographic, social, economic, and political differentiations. To achieve this, it is important for actors in the peacebuilding industry to emphasise the local as fundamental to building durable peace. This stems from the knowledge that all societies embody the idea of peace with different connotations. Such worldviews are important starting points for post-conflict peacebuilding efforts that portends for the collective good. In this article, the Bimbilla case shows how local spaces that have suffered violent conflicts have inbuilt ideational and normative structures that can be used to address the anomaly of state-society relations. This is indicative of the many conflict and post-conflict spots in Africa. Emphasising the norms of the locale as a critically anchor to effective contemporary peacebuilding, and the future of durable peace in Africa.
There is an urgent global call for sustainable development (SD) action to meet the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Business schools play a significant role in facilitating engagement and enabling action on the global commitment for impact. Such institutions strive for responsible and meaningful impact by fostering the sustainable development goal (SDG) commitments, where research is a core element of this impact lexicon. However, research commitments in business schools are challenged by the pressures of academic life and its progressions that scholars face, often hindering pathways towards impact research. As an interdisciplinary group of researchers embarking on a major research project focused on SD, this positional paper considers why impact research is important, what impact research is, and how we as researchers can ensure we best do impact research that is embedded in purposeful shared partnerships and collaborations. To continue the impact research dialogue and enable other researchers, we share strategic pathways and community considerations for conducting impact research that can be applied, measured, and put into action towards the SDGs and the 2030 Agenda.
This study draws on empirical data to fine-tune the theoretical concept, ‘bridging civic identity’, which we propose as an educational aim in conflict-affected settings. We analyse interview data from Liberian respondents and North Korean migrants living in South Korea, using a conceptual framework based on the notions of ‘bridge citizens’ and agency. The analysis reveals the following: (1) that a high sense of agency is related to resourcefulness and fortitude, (2) that identifying oneself as a ‘bridge citizen’ is connected to recognising others as such, and (3) that concrete, large-scale aspirations of social justice for the larger community – and therefore ‘imaginativeness’ – are central components of a bridging civic identity. The findings suggest that learners in similar settings ought to be trained in resourcefulness and fortitude, be shown the collective nature of working towards shared goals, and be given encouragement to visualise the just future they desire for their community or nation.
Over the last decade or so, resilience has allegedly become one of the leading policy paradigms. However, it is astonishing how little reference the UK government made to resilience thinking in its policy response to Covid-19. While resilience discourse has figured prominently in many policy areas in the UK, there is a complete absence of the resilience discourse in the official policy programme during the pandemic. This article shows how UK government policy shifted from a biopolitical resilience approach centred on herd immunity during the early stages of the pandemic to a classic liberal policy framework once the scale of the problem became apparent. It is only once the vaccination programme—a traditional, state-led public health intervention—was successful that personal responsibility and herd immunity resurfaced on the government agenda. This policy shift away from—and then back to—biopolitics betrays a strategic use of resilience. Resilience only really seems to develop policy traction in low-risk situations of little public relevance. When key national issues are at stake, resilience is easily abandoned in favour of traditional public policy approaches. Once these have been successful, resilience discourse re-emerges as a low-cost, biopolitical mode of governing.
This paper examines humanitarianism in the Global South through engaging with resilience projects in the Sahel and Lake Chad Basin (LCB). It addresses how recent humanitarianism has moved away from top-down interventions which seek to either intervene to save those that have been rendered “bare life” (Agamben, 1998, p. 4) by their own governments or improve the state’s —especially fragile and failing ones— capacity to govern, towards society-based projects which seek to produce resilient subjects through addressing the broader social milieu. While previous accounts of security and development emphasized why fragile states and authoritarian regimes could constitute a threat to the international system, society or community which thus serves as justification for interventions, sometimes militarily, which such regimes flouted specific international norms and conventions. However, humanitarianism has become less targeted at regime change as was evident with the reluctance that followed the unproductive cases in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya where assumptions that regime change, or democracy promotion could promote the ends of liberal governance. Moving away from these statist focus, post-intervention has moved towards strengthening the capacities of communities to withstand shocks, but this is merely a pre-requisite for the objectives of the resilience project. My contention is that the move towards resilience is not only an acknowledgement of the cognitive imperfections of the liberal subject but more importantly (Chandler, 2013b), it raises questions —about liberal subjecthood. These imperfections have historically been reserved for non-whites and non-Europeans since the Enlightenment, for example, issues related to (ir-)rationality and (un-)reason; the homo economicus is a myth after all (Thaler and Sunstein, 2009; Chandler, 2013a). By moving away from humanitarian activities that require intervention to post-intervention, which involves claims about the subject’s internal capacity to “self-govern” (Chandler, 2012; Chandler, 2013a), migration, development and security have become closely intertwined with some suggesting a migration-development-security nexus where humanitarian aid serves the purpose of accomplishing global governance of complexity (Stern and Öjendal, 2010; Truong and Gasper, 2011; Deridder et al., 2020). While useful, this paper problematizes this understanding of resilience which concerns itself with the biopolitics of enhancing life’s capacity to self-govern by unpacking the various ways in which “resilience processes are marked by inequities and by the consequences of a history of the coloniality of power, oppression, and privilege” (Atallah et al., 2021, p. 9), which manifest when these projects are implemented within contexts or on bodies from the Global South. In particular, the move towards resilience has entailed further incursions into people’s lives such that various rationalities and techniques of governmentality are directed at the population which may raise further questions when these populations are those of other countries or within regions that have a history of colonisation and subjugation. By reconceptualising biopolitics as a racial biopolitics and by decentring the state and instead looking at assemblages, that is, a multiplicity of actors and rationalities and technologies, and practices which function as totalities and produce passive or active agents with or without capacity for resistance, Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of agencement which is translated to English as “Assemblages”, is useful to capture the rationalities and techniques of resilience projects in the Sahel and LCB. I reconceptualise this powerful concept as “racialised assemblages”, made up of a set of “racial components” that produce “racialised ensembles”, that is, a multiplicity of actors and rationalities and technologies, this paper shows how resilience projects by Western state and non-state actors such as the United Kingdom, France and the EU and other humanitarian actors such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in the Sahel and the LCB are both exclusionary and raced and how these attempts seek to exploit the historical infantilization of the non-white subject or subjectivity within the Sahel and the LCB. Engaging with some humanitarian activities in the Sahel and LCB, the paper argues that through a racialised and exclusionary racial biopolitics that function through racialised assemblages, European humanitarian aid and assistance through upstreaming border control management through biometrics, exploit and sustain colonialities that seek achieve European outcomes. While projects such as migration and border control in the Niger-Nigeria border through biometric management and development projects that seek to address the root causes of insecurity, underdevelopment and forced displacement are promoted as humanitarian issues and facilitated through development aid, such racialised discourses are a continuation of racist historical depictions associated with whiteness and non-whiteness which made assumptions about humans, the environment, and the relationship between the two. For those who emerged in European discourse as lacking the capacity to transform their environment, Access to full personhood was either denied or delayed which remerges in claims that attempt to interpellate persons and communities in the Sahel as vulnerable, poor, fragile, failing to highlight their deficient resilience and how this could impact on others who have achieved better resilience. For example, the attempts to build resilience through border control and management in the Sahel and LCB through the regularization of some types of desirable movements and criminalisation of irregular movement within the Sahel and LCB, especially where these are viewed as potentially constituting a risk to European security interests. For example, border policing and management posts in Konni-Illela and Eroufa in the Tahoua region of Niger which both seek to manage and control movement across the Niger-Nigeria border are promoted as enhancing Niger’s own border management policy while it was set up through collaborative humanitarian efforts of various actors and was funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) of the U.S. Department of State (IOM, 2023). In addition to the other actors, these all constitute racialised biopolitical assemblages which attempt to govern complexity within the African context which is a continuation of various historical colonialities. Finally, in addition to the various infantilizing tendencies of racialised versions of resilience where the subject is viewed as incapable of full self-governance, and self-transformation, these projects when enforced on non-Western contexts such as the Global South perpetuate colonialities and within the Sahel, may stifle other possibilities of non-Western resilience such as those associated with human relationality. It becomes necessary to problematize the various resilience projects, including those that have apparently explicit humanitarian dimensions such as assistance and aid by asking critical questions about what they do which could also expose the ways in which those that are exposed to these rationalities and technologies resist these attempts. Further research should investigate the various ways in which individuals and communities in the Sahel interact with these resilience projects and also how various so-called African partners —state and non- state— who play integral roles in facilitating and implementing them are positioned and how they position themselves. Such research could adopt focus groups, in-depth interviews, or ethnographic methods to capture ways in which these attempts may be reproduced, modified or even resisted by these people that emerge as targets of European post-interventionist biopolitics.
The idea of contingency emphasizes uncertainty, the consequences of choice as well as our dependence on persons and events outside our control and ability to comprehend. The concept is thus integral to how we define and understand disasters and crises. Yet the way in which contingency informs research agendas is often restricted to a dialectic reaction to uncertainty, the unknown, and the uncontrollable. There is a tendency to explain or prescribe solutions based on an underlying impetus that champions certainty over chaos, knowledge over ignorance, and control over disorder. This type of thinking has been influential in shaping normative and epistemological research trajectories in crises and disaster disciplines, but it has also restricted the contours of what counts as acceptable research on disasters and crises. In this article, I demonstrate how alternative modes of inquiry can transcend this dialectic by producing knowledge in reception to – rather than in contention from—contingency. In an effort to find a middle road between overemphasizing contingency or necessity, critical realism is used to illustrate how uncertainty, the unknown and the uncontrollable can be recast as an accepted part of a stratified reality leading towards alternative ways of knowing and researching disasters and crises.
The European Union has drawn on its migration policy in the Middle East and North Africa as a method of region-building that takes resilience as its “Governing Principle” when responding to crises. The central theme of resilience is to keep refugees closer to their home instead of flowing into Europe. This approach might be promising, yet it has both positive and negative effects. In the absence of adequate resources, resilience building may exacerbate the economic, political and social vulnerabilities already existing in these countries. In addition, resilience does not seem to put an end to the refugees’ suffering which, in turn, leads to increasing demands for better services, which could ultimately lead to violent riots that endanger the security of these states. Hence, resilience may seem to jeopardise rather than safeguard the security of these hosts. However, considering the case of displacement from Syria, the article focuses on the EU’s approach to refugees in its neighbourhood, and attempts an in-depth analysis of the EU’s refugee cooperation with Jordan, one of the key regional hosts, to argue that while resilience might be an approach with opposing effects, the EU and Jordan are working to make it a promising one. Their focus is to maintain a balance between the interests of refugees and of local communities. More importantly, the role of resilience in preserving Jordan’s economic and social stability and its social cohesion makes it a more promising approach than simply providing humanitarian assistance.
This policy paper is a continuation of the first policy document which argued for Georgia to develop
a comprehensive cross-sector resilience strategy based on a whole-of-society approach. The document identified four important components of
resilience-building (institutional/legal, societal, political and public-private) and proposed measures
to strengthen them. The comprehensive analysis,
identification and management of risks – both of global and local nature – is an important
aspect of resilience building. Therefore, current policy paper will analyses key global , di use, and
local risks that Georgia faces, and identify means the country can use to increase its national
resilience and tackle risks more e ectively.
Resilience is the trailblazing saviour of contemporary social and political life. Politicians, scientists, self-help experts, public school administrators, military officials, and psychologists increasingly tout resilience-building as the only rational solution to a twenty-first-century world of unprecedented uncertainty. The underlying (pessimistic) promise of resilience is that people, and by extension global systems, can not only survive but flourish through crisis. In order to underscore the material, ideological and political danger that this logic poses, I examine NASA/SpaceX's plans for interplanetary colonisation – a project explicitly intended to promote a resilient human species – as promising pessimism's devastating finale. Despite this dire trajectory, I conclude by considering the cost for left feminist thinkers and activists of reducing the concept of resilience to a neoliberal technology of power. To this end, I contend that Octavia Butler's prophetic diptych Parable of the Sower (1993) and Parable of the Talents (1998) counters the colonising project of promising pessimism and recovers a liberatory account of resilience: one which refuses to exchange utopian surety for acquiescence to power, but which recuperates the present as a practice ground for transformation. Ultimately, this article insists that to engage in political struggle over how to govern ourselves and our world, in a shared context of escalating crises, requires sustained critical investment in the ethical and political implications of valorising certain kinds of resilient life.
The international system is complex and where there is complexity, there is also ambiguity; where there is ambiguity, there is neither only one problem-set nor only one path toward resolution (see Chapter 3). In ambiguous situations, many permissible interpretations compete with one another. To appropriately describe, think about and theorize international relations including peace and conflict dynamics means grappling with complexity and ambiguities. In this book, we argue for living with ambiguities rather than by reducing them to simple but often misleading solutions.In this chapter, we take the first step by exploring complexity in the context of international relations and peace and conflict studies. We discuss diverse literature from IR and peace and conflict research and explore what complexity means for our understanding of international relations. Thinking in terms of complexity offers a profound basis for a critique of existing approaches and practices—a critique from which possible alternatives and spaces of possibility can be derived. The chapter ends with brief remarks on the relationship between complexity and visual representation in terms of photocomplexity that will be explored in detail later in the book.
The ERF has been developed around four areas: Resilience, Complexity, Strategy, and ERM, the first two being particularly important to this book. Enterprise Resilience is explored through the lens of Complexity Theory, to show how organizations can apply a holistic view—Complexity Thinking—to its ERM processes.The author’s research is concentrated in two strands. The first, a theoretical background to the four areas listed above, identifies the data sources other researchers have used and exposes the remaining gaps in the body of knowledge. The author’s aim is to show how Effective Emergent Strategies are characterized by Resilience, which in turn is concerned with Emergence—a characteristic of Complexity—and to illustrate how Complexity Thinking might be embedded into ERM processes.The second strand is an empirical study covering the exploration of Enterprise Resilience in practice, taking into consideration both the top-down and bottom-up management perspectives.
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