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Compact Printed Antenna Designs: Need for UWB Communications
This paper presents a comparative analysis of five various shapes of miniature planar monopole antennas with a partial ground plane for WiMAX, LTE, and sub-6 GHz 5G NR applications. With the same patch active area, all the antennas are designed at 3.4 GHz on a 1.524-mm-thick FR4 with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and 0.02 of loss tangent. The circular, elliptical, square, diamond, and heart shapes are various antenna structures investigated and discussed herein. A mathematical model, which predicts the resonant frequency of each antenna structure, is derived and presented. The modeling and simulation are carried out using the high-frequency structural simulator (HFSS), while the experimental validations have been done with the Rohde & Schwarz vector network analyzer ZVA50. The study yielded relatively attractive and interesting results highlighting the effect of a monopole antenna shape on its electromagnetic performance parameters. The five antennas are evaluated and compared, emphasizing reflection coefficient, impedance matching, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, bandwidth dimension ratio, and gain. All the antenna designs exhibit a minimum − 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 1.36 GHz, a reflection coefficient less than − 20 dB, and a radiation efficiency better than 75%. At their resonant frequencies, the heart shape yields better results as compared to other shapes. The results show a good agreement between experimental results and simulations. This validated the proposed mathematical models and design procedure.
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