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Léon Walras, un économiste socialiste libéral

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Ce livre part du constat qu’il n’y a pas de réflexion sur le libéralisme sans pensée de la liberté mais que toute pensée de la liberté ne saurait être incluse dans les différentes formes de libéralismes. Les deux mots qui se trouvent au départ de cette interrogation renvoient à des réalités empiriques ou conceptuelles et à des chronologies a priori différentes. Liberté renvoie à une problématique millénaire, existant depuis que les hommes réfléchissent sur les formes possibles du vivre ensemble. Libéralisme se réfère davantage à un corps de doctrine qui trouve son origine dans une interprétation du rôle moteur de la liberté pour les échanges et les formes d’organisation de la société. Le pari de ce recueil d’études, transdisciplinaire par choix et par nécessité, est de confronter les deux notions dans leurs usages et leur histoire. Ce livre propose ainsi une cartographie plus fine de ces concepts que celles qui sont proposées par la littérature analytique (que ce soit la catégorisation duale d’Isaiah Berlin opposant liberté positive et liberté négative ou l’opposition désormais figée entre libéralisme et républicanisme). L’un des résultats de l’entreprise est ainsi de fournir un principe d’explication de la diversité des libéralismes, que la littérature contemporaine s’emploie trop souvent à décrire, indépendamment des moments historiques de leur institutionnalisation.

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