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Vol.
V
, No.
II (Spring 2020)
Global Social Sciences Review (GSSR)
p- ISSN:
2520-0348
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).24
e-ISSN:
2616-793X
DOI:
10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).24
ISSN-L:
2520-0348
Pages:
249‒ 259
Citation:
Shakil, A. F., Faizi, W. U. N., & Haq, M. N. U. (2020). Impact of Multimedia on the Academic Performance
of the Students at Secondary School Level.
Global Social Sciences Review, V
(II), 249-259.
https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).24
Anila Fatima Shakil*
Waqar Un Nisa Faizi†
Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq‡
Impact of Multimedia on the Academic Performance of the Students at Secondary
School Level
Multimedia equipment is part of ICT facilities. The study aims to find out the impact of
multimedia on the academic performance of the students at secondary level of Peshawar
District. The main objectives of the study were (i) to find out Impact of multimedia on the academic performance
of the students at secondary level. (ii) to assess the application of multimedia during the class and their impact
on the student academic performance. The research was descriptive in nature. All the Secondary School of
Peshawar district were population. The research sample included 20 public schools from the Peshawar District,
20 heads, 40 teachers and 40 secondary school students in the Peshawar District. The questionnaire was used as
a research instrument. It was concluded that, given the lack of multimedia at school, it is recommended that the
government provide multimedia services to the school.
Key Words:
Multimedia, Technology, Aademic Performance,
Introduction
Multimedia is a strong technique of education and study within the framework of social work. The five
popular technologies contributing to the education process are the narrative media, interactive media,
communication media, adaptive media and productive media.
There is a multiple interpretation of the idea of multimedia. All meanings agree that multimedia
includes in an integrated way documents, images, animations, video and sound. Multimedia thus
represents a consolidation of all the technological elements by combining, beside interactive
environments, sound, images, video, drawings and texts with high quality. Reactive, proactive and
reciprocal interactions exist in multimedia technology (Schulmeister, 1997; Inceday, 2018).
Multimedia is effective in education because of the interactivity, versatility and integration
characteristics of multiple media that can promote learning, take into account differences between
learners and increase motivation (Aloraini, 2005).
Chalk and its way of teaching, which entails too much speaking, lost their productivity and interest
in the teaching of students. It was claimed from online free education that change in education had a
significant effect on the field of education. Learning and teaching have been found affected by a
variety of new technologies, such as student interactions and scheduled training, which allow space
for exploitation that cannot be used in other mediums. Students will be able to learn new knowledge
through multimedia facility and education (Albirini, 2006).
Education technology is a research and ethical activity for the production, use and management
of technical processes and tools suitable for learning facilitation and performance enhancement (Osu,
Udosen and Akpan 2010) It is described as a number of instruments that could be useful for student-
centered learning most simply and contentedly. The teachers are called to be 'Side Guides' instead of
‘Sage on stage’ (Ololube, 2007).
Education technology is also known as 'learning technology'; throughout the teaching and
learning cycle, it primarily includes use of technology. In this area, item technology not only requires
the use of latest technologies and techniques such as tablets, interactive whiteboards and
smartphones; internet, Wi-Fi, YouTube and other technologies also provide powerful and improved
*
Associate Professor, Department of Education, Jinnah University for Women Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
†
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Email: faizi@icp.edu.pk
‡
Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit – Baltistan,
Pakistan.
Abstract
Anila Fatima Shakil, Waqar Un Nisa Faizi and Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq
250
Global Social Science Review (GSSR)
control of learning processes, delivery system of information, effective teaching and memory control
(Fari SA, 2010).
Multimedia provides ease and educational facilities. With multimedia practices, new information
can be learned by students. Dwyer notes that students can acquire skills and information that cannot
be accessed historically, and that they have also the opportunity, by way of multimedia technique, to
prepare their own products (Dwyer, 1993). The purpose of multimedia is to help students with
different skills and styles of learning could therefore be confirmed. He also emphasizes that
multimedia offers every student individual opportunity to work. It encourages a student to focus on
the subject(s) that he or she wants (Dwyer, 1993)
The use of multimedia has two implications for student education: The enormous and simple
access in education to textual and audio content can make the lessons more extensive and attractive,
which can help to enhance the teachers' ability to self-produce the content offered by the information
technology and communication technology. In the assessment of the British, The Government Teacher
Laptops (2004-2007), with a laptop survey, extended their tools access capabilities and saved time to
plan and prepare lessons (Cunningham, 2006)
Multiple media uses can have a positive effect on education when properly designed compared
to traditional academic achievements instruction (Akkoyunlu, 2005). Taking the facts collected from
literature into account, we can conclude that Multimedia activates the learner not only easily learn
with expectations, but also contributes its own quota and makes it more important to learn
mathematics.
Teachers required mainly tools to help students better understand the subject they are studying.
Enabling teachers to access digital learning tools that lead to the creation of a meaningful idea,
enabling the teacher to concentrate more on teaching and encouraging students individually to
understand this subject. Multimedia development also helps to make learning easier by allowing
students to learn not only at school, but also in the home. This will help to develop the learning skills
of students. It provides an immersive teaching and learning experience with the help of multimedia
elements, including text, graphics, video, sound and animation.
In addition, multimedia can be observed in learning and training as authentic and varied. Semerci
(1999) points out that the message is conveyed by multimedia and thus provides recipients with a rich
learning environment. The subjects taught should be transmitted so that other methods like web-
based audio, video and animation cannot authentically be taught in classrooms. It will ensure a close
connection with truth and total learning (Semerci, 1999). Multimedia also helps to inform visually and
not visually written content on data use, access, exchange and transport
Multimedia also provides a familiar, complex, economic and realistic educational atmosphere
(Yünkül, 2014). The rise in the academic success of students is also a technological aid to education.
The multimedia program improves the academic performance of students as opposed to conventional
teaching. The use of multimedia positively affects education when it is well planned in terms of
academic success in contrast with conventional learning (Akkoyunlu and Yılmaz, 2005). Multimedia is
made up of digital platforms where audio, visual and animation media are delivered to written media,
high definition media and graphs are set (Maddux et al., 2001).
Multimedia is also associated with a traditional approach to education (Rolfe & Gray, 2011). It is
provided with meaningful words, sounds and pictures of learning (Mayer, 2005a; 2005b; 2005c). In
science teaching the primary value of interactive factors is (Altherr, Wagner, Eckert, & Jodl, 2004).
Various phenomena and processes can be vividly represented, complex material replicated and
abstracted at various levels with the help of multimedia. It helps to be truthful and meaningful.
Multimedia is particularly useful for students whose motivation is poor and with low prior
qualifications (Singh, 2003).
"The integration of text, images, sound, animation and video, and some or all of them into a
coherent program is a multimedia feature" (Philips, 1997). (Philips). Bagui (1998) and Daniels (1995)
note that data communication can be conveyed on a number of channels, as described in Junaidu
(2008). If more than one channel provides information, learning will improve.
Multimedia is a digital media system that stimulates several senses at times. Teachers can control
the material and flow of information using the interactive design. Multimedia use in Pakistan is very
limited for several reasons in classroom teaching. Those include high expenditures for software,
Impact of Multimedia on the Academic Performance of the Students at Secondary School Level
Vol. V, No. II (Spring 2020)
251
equipment and other related services and shortage of teachers and qualified workers on a computer
basis. Another issue is the role of teachers when it comes to their use.
For discussion, multimedia can be used. Tendencies in updating and developing instructional
strategies are associated with the growth of interactive teaching methods, the growth of active
creative teaching and the integration, according to their complémentarity, of an efficient and
contextual mix of the methods formal and informal, conventional and new strategies. Students will
endorse the use of multimedia by highly qualified teachers.
Statement of the Problem
The present study was focus on finding out the impact of multimedia on the academic performance
of the students at secondary school level of Peshawar District.
Research Objectives
The main objectives of the study were:
1. To find out Impact of multimedia on the academic performance of the students at secondary
level.
2. To assess the application of multimedia during the class and their impact on the student
academic performance.
Research Questions
The research questions of the study were:
1. How does the multimedia impact secondary school students ' academic performance?
2. When the application of multimedia and their impact on academic performance of students are
assessed during the course.
Significance of the Study
The study will contribute to improving the teachers' potential to use computer courses for multi-day
use. The study will charm the Government by applying various methods to boost the recital of the
students. This type of study helps differentiate the various factors, making it likely that programs are
being used. According to the following questions, the significance of topic analysis is:
Delimitation of the Study
The study was delimited to all the secondary school of district Peshawar
Research Methodology
Research Design
Description and survey form were the nature of the analysis.
Population of The Study
The entire secondary schools of Peshawar District were selected as a sample population.
Sample of The Study
The sample of the study comprised of 20 government schools of district Peshawar. Furthermore, the
sample included 20 heads, 40 teachers and 40 students of secondary schools of District Peshawar.
Sample Technique
Simple random sampling technique is used in this research because it guarantees that the sample
chosen is illustrative of the population.
Anila Fatima Shakil, Waqar Un Nisa Faizi and Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq
252
Global Social Science Review (GSSR)
Research Instrument
The questionnaire was used as a research instrument. Survey is used as a research instrument. The
main objective of the analysis is to find out the impact of multimedia on the students' academic
performance at the Peshawar District at the secondary level. For validity
purpose, the questionnaires
were filled by 2 heads and 5 teachers and 5 students for improvement, refinement and for the purpose
of acquiring accurate and correct data collection.
Data Collection
To collect data, personally visit to different schools and have collect the data from heads, teachers
and students, so that careful data should be collected.
Data Analysis
Data obtained through questionnaire is presented, interpreted and analyzed in the light of the study
objectives in the application of frequency and percentages. In this way, statistical analysis percentages
were applied for generalizing the significance of responses.
Result and Discussion
Research demands involve a thorough analysis of the problems to find a workable solution. The main
aim of the study is to know the impact of multimedia on the academic achievements of secondary
school students in the district of Peshawar. The survey was conducted to get the respondents'
opinions on this. The nature survey of research as well as descriptive analysis. The methods of
proportion are simple and viable to use for studying performance; boldness and features are given in
the counters as follows.
Section A:
Analysis of Demographic Variable:
Table 1.
Respondent of Heads Academic Qualification.
Respondents of Heads (n) = 20
N
%
B.A / B. Sc
04
20
M.A / M. Sc
12
60
M. Phil
04
20
The table above reveals that B.A / B.Sc has 20 % heads. The M.A / M.Sc. is 60% In their educational
preconditions, the criteria and 15% have M. Phil.
Table 2.
Respondent of Teacher Academic Qualification:
Respondents of Teachers (n) = 40
N
%
B.A / B. Science
24
60
M.A / M. Science
10
25
M. Phil
06
15
The table above indicates that 60% of teachers are B.A / B.Sc. M.A / M.Sc. has 25 percent. In their
education criteria, M. Phil has 15 percent.
Table 3.
Numbers of Information Technology Teachers
Respondents of Teachers (n) =40
Number(N)
(%)
B.CS
12
30
M.CS
CS
20
Impact of Multimedia on the Academic Performance of the Students at Secondary School Level
Vol. V, No. II (Spring 2020)
253
Table indicates that the 65 % of IT teacher have B.CS degree and 35 % have M.CS degrees.
Table 4.
Finding Monthly Income for Students Whose Children are Surveyed
The table above shows that 75 percent of persons once-a-month pay is up to 8000, 55 % of people
revenue is up to 9000, 45 % out of a hundred have up to12000, 15 % out of a hundred have up to 15000
and 10 percent people monthly returns is overhead 24000. The countersign post that common of
persons are deprived.
Table 5.
Parent Professional
Respondents of Students (n)= 40
Number(n)
(%)
Overseas
20
50
Agriculture
10
25
Militaries
06
15
Government Servants
04
10
The table above shows that 50% of students are Abroad, 25% are3 farmers, 15% are in forces ,
10% are administration retainers.
Table 6.
Level of Education of Student
The above table shows that 25 % students are ignorant having no education 20 % students have
middle education level, 17 % students have Secondary level, 15 % have intermediate level of
education, 13% have Bachelors level and only 10 % have Masters level
Section B:
Analysis of Questionnaires:
Table 7.
Use of Multimediaon in the School Enhance the the Academic Institution Performance
Number of Respondent (N) Head/Teacher/Students
Yes
No
Number
Percentage
Number
Percentage
Heads
20
14
70
06
30
Teacher
40
24
60
16
40
Students
40
22
55
18
45
Respondents of Students (n) =40
Number(N)
Percentage (%)
Rs. 8000 – 9000
30
75
Rs. 9000 -10000
22
55
Rupees. 10000 to 12000
18
45
Rs. 12000 – 15000
06
15
Rs. 18000 – 24000
04
10
Respondents (n)= 40
No (N)
Percentage (%)
Illiterate
10
25
Middle level
08
20
Secondary level
07
17
Intermediate level
06
15
Bachelor level
05
13
Master level
04
10
Anila Fatima Shakil, Waqar Un Nisa Faizi and Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq
254
Global Social Science Review (GSSR)
The tabulation showed that heads, teacher and students respective 70%, 60% and 55% were in
favour of the use of multimedia in thee school improve the school performance while 30%, 40% and
45% disagreed.
Table 8.
Multimedia Availability.
Number of Respondent (N) Head/Teacher/Students
Yes
No
Number
Percentage
Number
Percentage
Heads
20
06
30
14
70
Teacher
40
12
30
28
70
Students
40
10
25
30
75
The above table indicates that heads, teacher and students respective 70%, 70% and 75% were
respondent that multimedia facility is not provided to students while the while 30%, 30% and 45%
were disagree with statement.
Table 9.
Multimedia Beneficial or Not.
Number of Respondent (N) Head/Teacher/Students = 100
1=Yes
0=N0
N
%
N
%
Heads
20
18
90
2
10
Teachers
40
36
90
4
10
Students
40
34
85
6
15
The above table indicates that that heads, teacher and students respective 90%, 90% and 85%
were respondent that multimedia is beneficial to students while the while 10%, 10% and 15% were
not agreed with statement.
Table 10.
Multimedia Classroom Make Me Feel More Comfortable Learning
Number of Respondent (N) Head/Teacher/Students = 100
Yes
No
Number
Percentage
Number
Percentage
Heads
20
18
90
2
10
Teacher
40
37
93
3
7
Students
40
35
87
6
13
The above table represent that heads, teacher and students respective 90%, 93% and 87% were
respondent that Mmultimedia classroom make me feel more comfortable learning environment. while
the while 10%, 7% and 13% did not agreed with statement.
Table 11.
Having a Class in a Multimedia Classroom is Enjoyable.
Number of Respondent (N) Head/Teacher/Students =
Yes
No
Number
Percentage
Number
Percentage
Heads
20
18
90
2
10
Teacher
40
36
90
4
10
Students
40
34
85
6
15
The above table reveals that heads, teacher and students respective 90%, 90% and 85%
responded that having a class in a multimedia classroom is enjoyable to students while 10%, 10% and
15% disagreed with statement.
Impact of Multimedia on the Academic Performance of the Students at Secondary School Level
Vol. V, No. II (Spring 2020)
255
Table 12.
Shows Whether Teachers take Interest in Children’s Modern Education.
Number of Respondent (N) Head/Teacher/Students =
Yes
No
Number
Percentage
Number
Percentage
Heads
20
16
80
4
20
Teacher
40
34
85
6
15
Students
40
35
87
6
13
The above table shows that heads, teacher and students respective 80%, 85% and 87% were
respondent that whether teachers take interest in children’s modern education while 20%, 15% and
13% disagreed with statement.
Table 13.
Shows Whether Teachers and Students Think That Modern Education Using Multimedia Is
Good for Students Future
Number of Respondent (N) Head/Teacher/Students = 100
Yes
No
Number
Percentage
Number
Percentage
Heads
20
18
90
2
10
Teacher
40
37
93
3
7
Students
40
35
87
6
13
The above table shows that heads, teacher and students respective 90%, 93% and 87% responded
in favour of using multimedia while 10%, 7% and 13% were not in favour with this statement.
Table 14.
Indicating Whether Effects of Multimedia on Student Academic Performance is Good or
Bad.
Number of Respondent (N) Head/Teacher/Students = 100
Yes
No
Number
Percentage
Number
Percentage
Heads
20
16
80
4
20
Teacher
40
34
85
6
15
Students
40
32
80
8
20
The above table that that heads, teacher and students respective 80%, 85% and 80% were
respondent that whether effects of multimedia on student academic performance is good or bad.
while the while 20%, 15% and 20% were not in favour with this statement.
Findings, Discussions, Conclusions, Summery and Recommendations
The few findings that are obtained by the research and the data that is collected through the aerial
survey is as under;
Findings
After a proper survey and multiple factors, it is noted that the following main reasons were find out.
Demographic Findings
1. Most of the Heads possessed academic qualification of M. A / M.Sc 60% while 15% have M.
Phil.
2. Most of the teachers had the academic qualification of B. A / B.Sc (60%) while 20% had
M.A/M.Sc degrees.
3. It is found that there was a smaller number of information technology teachers regarding BCS
and MCS.
Anila Fatima Shakil, Waqar Un Nisa Faizi and Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq
256
Global Social Science Review (GSSR)
4. Majority of the families had low monthly income and it is difficult for them to bear their
children’s school expenses.
Findings of the Questionnaire
1. It was found that majority of heads, teachers and students favoured the use of multimedia in
their schools to improve the school performance.
2. It was found that majority of heads, teacher and students shared that multimedia facility is not
provided to students
3. Majority respondents were agreed that that multimedia is beneficial to students for their
knowledge, skills and ability.
4. The majority of heads, teachers and students, 90%, 93% and 87% respectively, responded that
multimedia classrooms made me feel more comfortable learning. While 10%, 7% and 13% were
not in agreement with the statement.
5. Mostly heads, teachers, and students i.e. 90%, 90% and 85% respectively, replied that it would
be good if students had a class in a multimedia course, while 10%, 10% and 15% disagreed with
the assertion.
6. It was also found that government do not take interest in providing multimedia to schools.
7. It was also found that there is a dearth of IT teachers at government secondary schools.
Discussions
The study suggested the following according to the results which showed that multimedia was
successful compared to conventional teaching methods: Multimedia's rapid development provides
unprecedented incentives for students to participate. In the learning process, multimedia tools should
be used carefully. For debate, multimedia can be used. Trends to upgrade the teaching approaches
and expand them are subscribed to the enhancement of the multi-media teaching approach, the
development of active and innovative teaching, the combination of formal and informal approaches
in a multitude of educational strategies, modern and new approaches focused on complementarity,
benefits and mutual benefit requirements. Students should be assisted by highly qualified teachers in
the use of multimedia. They need to direct and build relevant and successful learning approaches for
students during the education process. The use of educational multimedia, like the use of textbooks,
fosters educational teaching techniques, where the role of teachers is not just a provider of knowledge
but a guide.
Conclusion
The following conclusions have been drawn after examining the whole process. It is concluded that
the main reason of not using multimedia is lack of resources.
1. The majority of the heads who had a master’s degree, while the number of teachers had
academic qualifications at the undergraduate level.
2. The results of the study found that there was a smaller number of BCS and MCS IT teachers.
3. The result of the study found that their monthly income was low, and it was difficult for them
to bear their school costs.
4. Most of the heads, teachers and students have been found to be in support of enhancing school
performance using multimedia in the classroom.
5. Most of the heads, teachers and students were affected by a shortage of multimedia facilities.
6. Most of the respondents accepted that students benefit from multimedia due to their
knowledge, abilities and skills.
7. Most of the heads, teachers and students used to make me more confident learning with digital
lessons. But they did not comply with the declaration.
8. Mostly the heads, teachers, and students were told that it would be good if the students had a
multimedia class.
9. It was also found that the government is not interested in providing multimedia to schools.
Impact of Multimedia on the Academic Performance of the Students at Secondary School Level
Vol. V, No. II (Spring 2020)
257
10. It has also been found that IT teachers in government secondary schools are much less
available.
Recommendations
Following are the key recommendations.
1. It was concluded that the academic qualification of undergraduate teachers. As a result, there
are less trained secondary school teachers. It is therefore recommended that high-quality
teachers be recruited by the Government.
2. The study was concluded that that there was a smaller number of BCS and MCS IT teachers. It
is therefore recommended that high-quality IT teachers be recruited by the government.
3. The findings of the study concluded that there was a smaller number of BCS and MCS IT
teachers. It is therefore recommended that high-quality IT staff and teachers to be recruited by
the Government.
4. The study result concluded that their low income of family of their students. Therefore, it is
recommended that increase the level of income by Government increasing GDP growth and
teachers to be recruited by the government.
5. It was concluded that the shortage of multimedia and their equipment at Public secondary
school. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should be provided the multimedia
and new modern educational technology at secondary school.
Anila Fatima Shakil, Waqar Un Nisa Faizi and Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq
258
Global Social Science Review (GSSR)
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