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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business Monthly Edition
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We review empirical findings on the determination of R&D and R&D performance, as well as key questions that remain unaddressed. This article briefly considers the Schumpeterian hypotheses relating innovation to market structure and firm size, and considers in more depth the role of firm characteristics and industry-level variables – broadly characterized as reflecting demand, technological opportunity, and demand conditions – in affecting firms' innovative activity and performance.
A longitudinal study was conducted of transformational leadership and the performance of project groups in three industrial research and development organizations. As hypothesized, transformational leadership predicted higher project quality and budget/schedule performance ratings at time I and one-year later at time 2. A moderator effect was hypothesized and found for type of research and development work. Here, transformational leadership was a stronger predictor of project quality ratings for research projects than for development projects. Initiating structure, however was a stronger predictor of project quality ratings for development projects than for research projects. Theoretical and methodological issues for transformational leadership research in professional organizations are discussed.
The concept and theory of Organizational Commitment (OC) has gained considerable attention in the management and behavioral sciences. Numerous studies have explored the associations between OC and various phenomena, with impressive results. This paper argue that the concept needs re-examination in light of recent business changes. The assertion that OC leads to a set of desired outputs proved to be valid for times of mutual commitment between organizations and their employees. We are now entering a new era of Human Resource and industrial relation systems, characterised by frequent redundancies and downsizing processes. This trend reflects a low commitment from organizations to their employees which is followed by a reduced level of OC. Subsequently it is hypothesised that the strength of OC as a leading concept in management and behavioral sciences is continuously decreasing. Support from the literature is provided, and recommendations for future research are presented.
This now-classic examination of the development of viable political institutions in emerging nations is a major and enduring contribution to modern political analysis. In a new Foreword, Francis Fukuyama assesses Huntington's achievement, examining the context of the book's original publication as well as its lasting importance. "This pioneering volume, examining as it does the relation between development and stability, is an interesting and exciting addition to the literature."-American Political Science Review. "'Must' reading for all those interested in comparative politics or in the study of development."-Dankwart A. Rustow, Journal of International Affairs.
This article reviews some of the key changes in organizations and discusses their implications for managers' careers. A profile of the skills and competences required of future managers is introduced as well as the swamp metaphor to describe the difficult challenges which managers have to face in order to survive and prosper in the new business environment.