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The True Value of Lambda Would Appear to be Zero: An Essay on Career Criminals, Criminal Careers, Selective Incapacitation, Cohort Studies, and Related Topics
... Chapter 1 purports to put ADV in a developmental context, and chapter 4 notes that the risk for IPV peaks at ages 16-18 (p. 73), but the entire book ignores discussion of the age-crime curve in criminology (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 2001), suggesting that all crime peaks in adolescence. Placed in this context, the research finding is not so much noteworthy or interesting as epi-phenomenological. ...
The Psychology of Violence in Adolescent Romantic Relationships by Erica Bowen and Kate Walker offers readers a reasonably thorough and useful overview of the research literature on what was once called ‘dating violence’ in the adolescent population. This is important in the context of the lengthening of the period of adolescence along both social and biological dimensions, as well as research showing that the minds of adolescents are substantially different from those of adults (cf. Feinstein, 2009). The book does have some serious limitations. All literature reviews must impose some limits or the review process will never end. However, the approach taken by the authors seems to result in an empirical and theoretical silo. Potentially important research is not reviewed because it sits in the intimate partner violence (IPV) literature on adults. Theoretical perspectives (notably from criminology) that could shed substantial light on research findings are neglected. Fully stated, the text shows signs of what I will term ‘eco-systems bias.’
In this thesis I establish the desirability of adopting a connected, healing-centred approach in which multiagency collaboration is prioritised in order to improve outcomes for long sentence male prisoners. I explore how childhood trauma is often at the root of addiction and offending behaviour, based on qualitative interview data with twelve men approaching release. Their narratives revealed histories of neglect, abuse, family dysfunction, poverty, deprivation and community adversity. My core interviewees’ accounts of engagement with services, personal development opportunities, pre-release preparation and reentry are supplemented with interview and focus group data from criminal justice policy-makers, practitioners and community-based organisations, to provide wider context.
My thesis argues that penal policy and practice must become trauma-responsive as a matter of urgency. Physiological safety is a prerequisite for human beings, without which we cannot develop new, healthier relational patterns or adopt pro-social behaviours. To increase the desistance-supportive potential of prison and post-release supervision in Ireland, people working on the frontlines of criminal justice must play a personal role in helping offenders to begin to renegotiate and re-story their undigested trauma, by fostering relational health, promoting strengths and displaying cultural sensitivity. Greater effort is required to ensure that the transition back to the community is safe and responsibly managed. A whole of government response is necessary to ensure that basic human needs are met upon release.
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