Cannabis medicines & WHO

Abstract

Video recording: https://youtu.be/BHnBumHLXOE – Presentation on international medical cannabis law and the changes in scheduling recommended by the WHO ECDD (Expert Committee on Drug Dependence). Delivered at the Special 20th anniversary event of the IACM (International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines).

Full text

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
On international medical cannabis law and the
changes in scheduling recommended by the
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
& Michael Krawitz
🖥 kenzi.zemou.li/CNDmonitor

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
1. Conventions
2. Schedules
3. ‘Drugs’
4. WHO ECDD
5. Outcome
6. Forecast

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
1.
Conventions

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
International treaties on the control of certain medicines
➲ 1961 ‘Single’ Convention
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961,
as amended by the 1972 Protocol
Compilation of pre-WWII opium treaties. Controls medications
(“drugs”) based on similarity with cannabis, coca or opium.
➲ 1971 Convention
Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971
Controls other and novel psychoactive substances
as a complement to the 1961 Convention.

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
The international drug control Conventions
‘most of the national drug statutes ... share a high
degree of conformity with the Single Convention and
its supplementary treaties. The Single Convention
has been used as the basis for the standardisation of
national drug-control laws.’
Source: Gallagher, C.T., Atik, S.K., Isse, L., & Mann, S.K. (2020),
“Doctor or drug dealer? International legal provisions for the legitimate handling of drugs of abuse”,
Drug Science, Policy and Law Vol. 6, pp. 1–9, DOI:10.1177/2050324519900070

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Medical & scientific uses: framework of
the Conventions and mandate of the ECDD
‘Non-medical &
non-scientific
purposes’
(industrial
purposes)
‘Scientific
purposes’
‘Medical
purposes’
NO legal
régime
established by the
Conventions
Legal
régime
established by the
Conventions
➲ Controls vary
depending on
the Schedule in
which a drug is
listed

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
2.
Schedules

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Schedules
Schedule 4
Products or substances with particularly dangerous properties,
especially liable to abuse and to produce ill-effects and with little or
no therapeutic value or a therapeutic value that is also possessed by
anher drug n in this Schedule.
Schedule 3
Pharmaceutical preparations containing low amounts of narcic
drugs, unlikely to be abused.
1971 Schedule II
Regular liability to abuse.
Substantial risk to public health.
Little to moderate therapeutic value(s).
1971 Schedule III
Regular liability to abuse.
Substantial risk to public health.
Moderate to great therapeutic value(s).
1971 Schedule I
High liability to abuse.
Especially serious risk and threat to public health.
Very limited or no therapeutic value(s).
1971 Schedule IV
Regular liability to abuse.
Small but significant risk to public health.
From little to great therapeutic value(s).
1961 Schedule II
Less liable to abuse and to produce
addiction with respect to Schedule I
1961 Schedule I
High liability to abuse and to
provoke addiction. Or substances
directly convertible into a drug
1961 Schedule IV
Particularly dangerous.
Especially liable to abuse
and produce ill-effects.
Little/no therapeutic value,
or value also possessed by
other drug not in IV
1971 Convention
Medical value
Potential harms
1961 Single Convention
1961 Schedule III
(preparations)
Pharmaceutical preparations
containing low amounts of
narcotic drugs. Unlikely to
be abused.

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Schedules
Schedule 4
Products or substances with particularly dangerous properties,
especially liable to abuse and to produce ill-effects and with little or
no therapeutic value or a therapeutic value that is also possessed by
anher drug n in this Schedule.
Schedule 3
Pharmaceutical preparations containing low amounts of narcic
drugs, unlikely to be abused.
1971 Schedule II
Regular liability to abuse.
Substantial risk to public health.
Little to moderate therapeutic value(s).
1971 Schedule III
Regular liability to abuse.
Substantial risk to public health.
Moderate to great therapeutic value(s).
1971 Schedule I
High liability to abuse.
Especially serious risk and threat to public health.
Very limited or no therapeutic value(s).
1971 Schedule IV
Regular liability to abuse.
Small but significant risk to public health.
From little to great therapeutic value(s).
1961 Schedule II
Less liable to abuse and to produce
addiction with respect to Schedule I
1961 Schedule I
High liability to abuse and to
provoke addiction. Or substances
directly convertible into a drug
1961 Schedule IV
Particularly dangerous.
Especially liable to abuse
and produce ill-effects.
Little/no therapeutic value,
or value also possessed by
other drug not in IV
1971 Convention
Less mandatory
controls More and
stricter controls
1961 Single Convention
1961 Schedule III
(preparations)
Pharmaceutical preparations
containing low amounts of
narcotic drugs. Unlikely to
be abused.

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Schedules
1961 Schedule I
1961 Schedule II
1961 Schedule I + IV
1961 Schedule I + III
1961 Schedule II + III
1971 Schedule II
1971 Schedule III
1971 Schedule I
1971 Schedule IV

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
3.
‘Drugs’

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: from 1948 to 2020
Definition of a ‘drug’ in the 1961 and 1971 Conventions:
drug = listed in the Schedules.

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Cannabis 1

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Cannabis resin 2

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Extracts & tinctures
of cannabis 3

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Dronabinol & its
stereoisomers
(∆9-THC) 4

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Isomers of THC
(∆6a(10a), ∆6a(7), ∆7, ∆8, ∆10, ∆9(11)-THC)
5

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
➲ ‘Cannabis’ – ‘the flowering or fruiting tops of the cannabis plant (excluding the seeds and leaves when not
accompanied by the tops) from which the resin has not been extracted, by whatever name they may be designated’ (1961
Convention, Art. 1[b]). ‘the term ‘cannabis’ [...] covers all tops including those which are not yet dried, as well as those of
the male plants’ (Commentary, p.2 §1).
➲ ‘Cannabis resin’ – ‘the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from the cannabis plant’ (1961
Convention, Art. 1[d]). ‘resin, however, becomes “cannabis resin” only when it is “separated” from the plant; without such
separation, it remains a part of the cannabis plant, and if in the top part, of “cannabis”’ (Commentary, p.5 §3)
➲ ‘Extracts and tinctures of cannabis’ – No definition is provided.
➲ ‘Dronabinol and its stereoisomers’ – ∆9-THC
➲ ‘Isomers of THC’ – ∆6a(10a)-THC, ∆6a(7)-THC, ∆7-THC, ∆8-THC, ∆10-THC, ∆9(11)-THC
➲ ‘Cannabidiol’
➲ ‘Cannabis plant’ – ‘any plant of the genus Cannabis’ (1961 Convention, Art. 1[c]),
Scheduled cannabis and cannabinoids
Not ‘drugs’
‘Drugs’ in the
meaning of the
Conventions

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Scheduling of cannabis and cannabinoids today
1961 Schedule I
1961 Schedule II
1961 Schedule I + IV
1961 Schedule I + III
1961 Schedule II + III
1971 Schedule II
1971 Schedule III
1971 Schedule I
1971 Schedule IV
cannabis
resin
extracts &
tinctures
∆9-THC
THC
isomers
cannabis

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Scheduling of cannabis and cannabinoids
Source: INCB (2020). Yellow List (List of Narcotic Drugs Under International Control). www.incb.org/incb/en/narcotic-drugs/Yellowlist/yellow-list.html

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
4.
WHO ECDD

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
World Health Organization
➲ Global public health authority
➲ Expertise & standard-setting
political
technical

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Expert Committees of the World Health Organization

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: from 1948 to 2020
1968 – present
Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD)
1964 – 1968
Expert Committee on Dependence Producing Drugs
1955 – 1964
Expert Committee on Drugs Liable to Produce Addiction
1948 – 1955
Expert Committee on Habit-Forming Drugs

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Mandate of the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence under the drug control Conventions
WHO’s mandate under
the 1961 and 1971 Conventions:
➲ Scientific assessment of substances
➲ Recommendation on changes in the scope of
control of substances to:
– add a substance to a Schedule
– remove a substance from a Schedule
– move a substance to a dierent Schedule
➲ Criteria: similarity, convertibility, therapeutic uses,
liability to produce dependence or ‘ill-eects’

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Timeline of the reviews of cannabis and cannabinoids
1971 Convention
1947
WHO founded
Takes over the League
of Nations and its
International Oce
of Public Hygiene
Entry into force
of the 1961
Convention
1961
1964
1961 Convention
Entry into force
of the 1971
Convention
1976
2000
2018
1953
1971
Cannabis herbal products
THC (dronabinol & isomers)
CBD (cannabidiol)
Informal discussion, no scientific basis
Methodologic scientific review
Topic & format of ECDD cannabis meetings
1990
League of Nations treaties

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Timeline of the reviews of cannabis and cannabinoids
1971 Convention
1947
1961
1964
1961 Convention
1976
2000
2018
1953
1971
1990
League of Nations treaties
Cannabis herbal products
THC (dronabinol & isomers)
CBD (cannabidiol)
Informal discussion, no scientific basis
Methodologic scientific review
Topic & format of ECDD cannabis meetings
WHO founded
Takes over the League
of Nations and its
International Oce
of Public Hygiene
Entry into force
of the 1961
Convention
Entry into force
of the 1971
Convention

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
5.
Outcome

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Cannabidiol (CBD) 0

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO ECDD
Recommendation
from the 40th meeting
in June 2018
The Committee recommended
that preparations considered to
be pure CBD should not be
scheduled within the
International Drug Control
Conventions.

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO ECDD
Recommendation
No. 5.5
from the 41st meeting
in Novembre 2018
The Committee recommended
that a footnote be added to
Schedule I of the 1961 Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs to
read: “Preparations containing
predominantly cannabidiol and
not more than 0.2 per cent of
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
are not under international
control.”

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Cannabis 1

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Cannabis resin 2

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO ECDD
Recommendation
No. 5.1
from the 41st meeting
in Novembre 2018
The Committee recommended
that cannabis and cannabis
resin be deleted from
Schedule IV of the 1961
Single Convention on
Narcotic Drugs

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Extracts & tinctures
of cannabis 3

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Nomenclature of methods of obtention of Cannabis ‘drugs’ in the 1961 Single Convention.
Products in bold are defined as ‘drugs’ in the Convention (Art. 1[j]), as of 2020. Adapted from: Riboulet-Zemouli K (2020) ‘Cannabis’ ontologies I.
Drug Science, Policy and Law Vol. 6. DOI: 10.1177/2050324520945797
Cannabis plant
Something else
(not a drug)
Cannabis
Cannabis resin
Extracts &
tinctures
Production Manufacture
Separation
Refined resin
Extraction
Resin, extracts, tinctures: what is the dierence?

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Conflicting ontologies: ‘extracts and tinctures of cannabis’ according to different authors of the
pre-review documentation used at the 40th ECDD meeting. Source: Krawitz M, Riboulet-Zemouli K, Banas B,
et al. (2018) Joint Civil Society Contribution to the
40th Meeting of the WHO ECDD. FAAAT editions
Chemistry Pharmacology Toxicology Therapeutic use Epidemiology
Cannabis tinctures Cannabis tinctures
Cannabis extracts, tinctures,
oils and tea
Cannabis Sativa Extract Extracts and tinctures
Cannabis extracts
Cannabis oils
Cannabis oils
Aqueous extracts Aqueous extracts X X
X Hemp seed oil Hemp seed,
‘Evening Primrose Oils’ X
Nabiximols / cannabidiol in
preparation with other
cannabis-related ingredients
Nabiximols Nabiximols Nabiximols
Nabiximols
X X Oral-mucosal cannabinoid
extract
X X Cannabis resin X X
Resin, extracts, tinctures: what is the dierence?

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO ECDD
Recommendation
No. 5.4
from the 41st meeting
in Novembre 2018
The Committee recommended
deleting “extracts and
tinctures of cannabis” from
Schedule I of the 1961 Single
Convention on Narcotic
Drugs.

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO ECDD
Recommendation
No. 5.6
from the 41st meeting
in Novembre 2018
The Committee recommended that
preparations containing delta-9-THC
(dronabinol), produced either by
chemical synthesis or as a preparation
of cannabis, that are compounded as
pharmaceutical preparations with one
or more other ingredients and in such a
way that delta-9-THC cannot be
recovered by readily available means
or in a yield which would constitute a
risk to public health, be added to
Schedule III of the 1961 Convention.

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Dronabinol & its
stereoisomers
(∆9-THC) 4

Photo: Matteo Paganelli/Unsplash
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Isomers of THC
(∆6a(10a), ∆6a(7), ∆7, ∆8, ∆10, ∆9(11)-THC)
5

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO ECDD
Recommendations
Nos. 5.2
from the 41st meeting
in Novembre 2018
The Committee recommended the
deletion of dronabinol and its
stereoisomers (delta-9-THC) from
the 1971 Convention on
Psychotropic Substances, Schedule
II, subject to the Commission’s
adoption of the recommendation to
add dronabinol and its
stereoisomers (delta-9-THC) to
Schedule I of the 1961 Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs.

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
WHO ECDD
Recommendations
Nos. 5.3
from the 41st meeting
in Novembre 2018
The Committee recommended that
tetrahydrocannabinol (understood to
refer to the six isomers currently
listed in Schedule I of the 1971
Convention) be deleted from the
1971 Convention on Psychotropic
Substances, subject to the
Commission’s adoption of the
recommendation to add
tetrahydrocannabinol to Schedule
I of the 1961 Single Convention on
Narcotic Drugs.

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Recommended changes in the scheduling of THC
61-Sch.IVa
61-Sch.Ia
or
71-Sch.IIb
71-Sch.II 71-Sch.I71-Sch.I
61-Sch.I
61-Sch.IIIc
– Current international controls on THC
– Changes recommended by WHO
(a) Only when obtained from Cannabis sativa (INCB 2019, Form P, V.18-02480(E))
(b) Only when ‘from synthetic origin’ (ibid.)
(c) Only for some preparations for medical use, depending on each jurisdiction (ECDD41)
tetrahydrocannabinol
∆6a(10a) ∆6a(7) ∆7∆8∆9∆10 ∆9(11)
(+)cis (+)trans (–)cis (–)trans
Adapted from:
Riboulet-Zemouli K (2020)
‘Cannabis’ ontologies I. Drug
Science, Policy and Law DOI:
10.1177/2050324520945797

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Scheduling of cannabis and cannabinoids today
1961 Schedule I
1961 Schedule II
1961 Schedule I + IV
1961 Schedule I + III
1961 Schedule II + III
1971 Schedule II
1971 Schedule III
1971 Schedule I
1971 Schedule IV
cannabis
resin
extracts &
tinctures
∆9-THC
THC
isomers
cannabis

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Scheduling recommended by the WHO ECDD
1961 Schedule I
1961 Schedule II
1961 Schedule I + IV
1961 Schedule I + III
1961 Schedule II + III
1971 Schedule II
1971 Schedule III
1971 Schedule I
1971 Schedule IV
THC
cannabis
resin
cannabis
some
medicines

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
6.
Forecast

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Outcome of the 40th and 41st meetings of the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence
Michael Krawitz
Novembre 2020

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Impact assessment of the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence cannabis recommendations
Michael Krawitz
Novembre 2020
(continued)

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Forecast of votes on December 2nd on the WHO ECDD recommendations
Michael Krawitz
Novembre 2020
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Source: kenzi.zemou.li/CNDmonitor

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Likelihood of adoption of the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence recommendations
Michael Krawitz
Novembre 2020

Cannabis medicines & WHO
Int’l Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
20th anniversary online meeting
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Novembre 2020
Brownfield’s flexibility doctrine
Source: Brownsfield, W.R. (2014), Trends in Global Drug Policy. U.S. Department of State.
https://web.archive.org/web/20141217111131/http://fpc.state.gov/232813.htm
Michael Krawitz
Novembre 2020

A ‘fit-for-purpose’ approach to the terminology of Cannabis, hemp, and cannabinoids
ASTM D37 Global Workshop on
cannabis/hemp standardization
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
Octobre 2020
Thank you!
Kenzi Riboulet-Zemouli
& Michael Krawitz
📧 kenzi@zemou.li
📧 michael@cannabisembassy.org
🖥
kenzi.zemou.li/CNDmonitor