Conference PaperPDF Available

Using Frugal Education Principles and the RPG Maker MV Game Engine to Aid the Co-creation of Digital Game-based Learning Resources.

Authors:

Abstract

The exploration of digital game-based learning (DGBL) as an educational practice has been received relatively well amongst learning practitioners, particularly from a theoretical standpoint. However, when it comes to original content creation, there are multiple barriers to entry from a digital games design and development perspective. Digital games are typically resource heavy for new adopters who face issues such as: a lack of specialist skill; financial backing; personnel; time allocation; and access to essential technologies and infrastructure. At the same time, the pressure on Higher Education authorities to ‘do more with less’ without providing the tools and opportunities to do so, leaves little room for experimentation with new pedagogies, such as DGBL. In response to these pressures the paper introduces Frugal Education as a concept for fostering sustainable innovation in education and applies the emerging principles to a design case study. The authors present the design methodology of ‘Book Runner: A Library Induction’ game created in RPG Maker MV alongside evaluation results from developer/ facilitator-based interviews conducted to assess the tool, development process, and validity of the game. The authors conclude with a discussion on how these results align to our mission of lowering the barriers to creating DGBL experiences and furthers our understanding of Frugal Education within the field of Game Science.
Using Frugal Education Principles and the RPG Maker MV Game Engine to Aid the
Co-creation of Digital Game-based Learning Resources.

 ! "#
$%$$
$%$$
Abstract
& '! !( !)* +   
      ,  !  !      '  
 $ -, ,    !  
        '   !  !  !      $
!!',,' .
  '    /  0  !/  /    /      
  !    '$                -!
12,3,!
 ',,!!* $4
             !  1        '
'!    !!  
!    $  &        !  !  '  2  5.  
 43 !   56*  7 !   '
8  '(  ,            
'!$&,,
 !  ' ,!  ! * 
'!'!1,0'*$
Keywords: 56*7* !!!1(
-!1$
Background
9      ,    '    '  !  '  (
0'):;<=>/
$<=>/;<=?+$4''!(!)* +
          ,            '  !
  '  !   ' * ) ;  <=@/
    $  <=?+$  ,    ,    '    !  
!   0'( ! !$A
!'!'
!0   ' 0 !  ! 
   ,       ! * 
      !      '    '  (  ,    
'$$B'
'!)C!5;-!<=</&
 ; !! <=D/E ;5C <=F+
0!!!* ( $
E  ;  5C  )<=F+           !  <FF    
,,!'
* $&0'.4,9!6
B/&!4/40*/
&  4/  4  ,  *        1/      
44$A''(! ,
,          !          '
!!)+  , !8 ' !$&
              '      
0        !  !  1 )  <=<=+  
&!!);<=@+!'!
!4'  0""!
$
Frugal Education
&'!1,''
! ! G  "/   
'    !  4  $  &   2!  43       
  H       !        E!    4
)G  <=<+   !     )    #  <=D+$ !  4  
.
I'!'
            '  !    
J)<=K+$
!      '  '  ! 4   !  !    
!,,
'!!'!1$&'!1'
,,'!(! /
!!  ,
!(L        !!    )  <=K+$ 6
  ,    ,  !  '!        G  ,
"3 ! ) +/! 
!(L  !                  ,      
H$1'!.
M!!(!!'
/ L! 
!  !              
',!'$
 M!!   '"
, )"94+$  "3  !
'''!$&,(,"94
  ,   !!
L$
,!G'
!$'!!,
          !  '  !  '!        '
!!$& ,L!'5
 '!    ! !
        ,    !    !(L    
!$
Frugal Education Principles
&!1!!'5
G',.
!!16
!!1 !!56*
7/,(!!!'!* $
Design with Empathy
! L ' !  , ! ,
,    3    '    $  &        
3(MH
    ,              L    
!, $&,
  !      '        !         !  ,
!$-,!
!!/! !,H
/0!!!'
! ! ! !
!!L$
Build for Everyone
  '   '      '     ,  H    
'0!56*  7 (!!
  3 $  ! '!!
'!, ,(,!
          !(!  !    !   !
!$
&'!'!
' G' "  '    
$&!!!
  !  ', ,    
      ,        '  ,  1!  ,  
!!$
Leverage the Trailing Edge
  "3  !  !  '  !  I!      !  
  J ' !   
'(5$5!
  ! '! !  ,! !
!"!!'0L
' G 56*7   '   
'GHN$
56*    7        '         '        ,
 H! $ &! ',3  '
OM'!!
'M56*7'H',
! , ! ,
$
Teach Sustainably
A!56*3((
56*'G$&!,'(
  L        !    '       
 !  !!, '
  !  !!  $    '  !      
,(,'!,
 !  / ! ! L !(
('H, $
A3!!!,!(
0/'!'
!$4,'
"$
& '  '  5! 
'''!
$&!
!  , L 
,!!/!!!
!$
A(C' 2"3,
'!
5!!!(
L,!!$
Make it Open
      G    !    '    !    0    
"3$&'!5
$4,G
   $&56* 7!
!!,' ''(! 
!/"!'!
!$
B',','
        !                      '
!!$&!,
, ! '    ! '
!$&5G,,
        ,                ,  
/!'!!$
Needs Assessing the Problem
!   "3' !  
!6')6+'$&
!,,
, ,  ! L ' 26
3 ' $ 2  3  2!  3  , ' 
 6$-!
,($4<=?6
,,''
  !      ,(    $  &  !      
G,'
,!!!,'$
!,!)+'!
    ! ) !   0+    !!
',!('(
H(,L$4,
 23
',,!'$&
,* ('
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,    '  !  !    '        ,  3
$4,!'
6  ,,,  * ( '  0 '
',(!$
&'!
0'  ,  !!
1,!,!!
 ' !$-!   ,!!
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H $    '    
!,
,'$B'O'
      !    !    !    ,      
H,P$
&!''!,,!!8
!      ! !$ A
! 1 !, G 
 $&  ""!)! 
!'!L' !!
,3'G+$
!    &,  !  ,      !      !      
!!56*7'('$
,)'+'56*7!
!,!
!'''
$
RPG Maker MV
56*7!!'''!56*
!E1KK<$56*37,
!<=F$!!',   ! 
  !  <  5(6! !        !    
  &1$ B'   !   56*
        !  !  '          ,!  '
!!       ,!$ 4
56*7H((
)'+,
!!)!Q+$
56*7!!!!E,(!
    (               '    ,!  '
E''!$56*7,
,''G',
  0      $ &      !  '      ,
',!,!(!$43(
    !    L      !  !      
!!'!O'
'!!!$4
'!!!,!
'$56*7,'!,
  !   '   ;
      '  '    "3      !  
$
Book Runner: The Library Induction Game
B'!!'!56*7!
!,! '!(0(!(
  !!  $  &  '  ,        '
!!L!!<
   "  $ B O',
'! ,  !1 !   '
    ,   !! 
    G ,  0  !  ,      '  H     
!G$4'!
,  H' 
!'''('',(
,!!)!Q+$
!<'5*4'$
!Q4''56*7*1!
&'!!!!,
! G ,$   (! 
'56*!,'!'
 !$4,(!
3
  H    ,
!$''2!!3)6B
<==+! ',
/ "3  $!   !
23,!G
 '!$&,'(
    ,          H    '      )
 (,+$B'  !  ' ,L
, ,! ,!  ,
!!$&,
''!'
,,!,!$
Evaluation
' !      !    "        
L,$&L,!
    P   '    !      '      !
  ,  56*    7      '!    H    0  
  !!  !  '
!$L,!'H,,
GC 'Q,$-,'0
 ', ! ,,  
 ' ! ! *( !  ! $ &
  ,      '            '      '  
$
Condence & Skills in Creating Digital Game-Based Learning Resources
A  0 !*   , '
        '!      0      ,  
!!00,'!!'$
A!,!(
!      ,    0  G          !!  
!!!$
&L!!'56*
!''!,
!$-, !     !
'!!,.
I' ! !!404 , 
    !    ,  !(  !    !    !$J
6$
A    ,        ,    !      '    
!!!, '!
$
I&      '  !    !    !    
H  !        !  !  !    ,  
!0$J6$
*!!!!,'''
 $6 '!0 , ! 
!   '   
L$
I,0!!!!(
!4,!!'$J6$
IB  4  ,    '  ,    !    ,      !
!4'4!
$ 4'!4',
$J6$
I4! !  !! '!!(
!,!$ 4',
!!!$J6$
"O'G!!!'
,,!!$B'
        ',  L    !    !  H  ,
O,, , !    ,
''!$
&,!!56*7!,.
I!  '          !    ,  ,        
,$J6$
 '  !,   ' 
'$
I           !    3  L    ',
('$ '/ ,
('(   !(L L!0
J6$
I!    ! '! 4
$6$
B'  0!   '  ,    5
G'!0!H',* !
!      ,      '   !      $
6'!0'!
',56*!'$&''
,!56*7''
$-,,'!
'!L!!!
    !  0  ,    '$
Resource Management
A'!'!
  !    56*    7    ,          '    
!$
B  '     !    '    ,   '  2  '  3$  
 !L  2!0 '
3  !               ,    
H!$
I&  ,        '  ,!        !!  '  
   , G ,! ! G 3$
&    '    !               
    '  H  !              !$
H',!!,,,'
$J6$
BO'!,,>
'      0    '    !        
!L!'$6'
'!!!!$
4 , '(!!'' !
!$&!!,!!'$
I4, 0    !!$ 9 4 , 
!'!'!H$&,,
OH,!!
$J6$
-,,  ,!  !! !0
'!,
      '$  !      '    ,  ,!    
'                    '    ,
,,$
B O '!3   
'!
  ,            '(  !      
!,$
I4,'  '(!  
!4$J6$
I4  ,                 !!!  '  '
            ,3    '    $J
6$
I,
,$  4 3       ! ! 4 ' 
,!
$J6$
&,(!!(!',
!! '   0    '
!  !$  A      '    !  !  ,  !!     
,!
!'!!'
!$
I4                !  $
!!,!!
)$!$L!'!O!!+,
L!!$L
,'$J6$
I4        '  !      ,!      
!!$'!O
!,(!(L
)!+$J6$
1,!56*7!!
   *        '  '
$!L!'
   ', !*  ! $ -, 
'!'* 
!  !      ,  !          
!!L!
,!$
Conclusions
!  56*  7 ! ! ,     *
,''
* 
$A!,56*7,'
H8 8! , , 
,    ,      !0    '    '    $  -,
      * , ,L
!    '         $  &  L      
!!,,
$
B,'!,'
'        9    !  '      ,  
'!1$ &!
'!!'
    !!    L  !  ,        ,    
$
,!  !!   H   ' 
,(!'!!',
$&,!'56*7
' ! !  ' L ! 
 , '! !$&!
 '  '   '
,,!$
B,!0',
  !    ,                  
$&!''/'
,    ,    !!    !     '  0/     
0'!!!$
'!!,!0!',
      $&
0     ! ' 
 0,!$! ' 
!' $ '',
, 'G,' 
,    '!    !!  /  0    !  
 ' '$&     '  
,'0!,!
    '  ,     /  !    2    !!3    
$
'56*7!
 '  *   , '(
         !!               L
!(!!!,!
'''$3'
',!0'(,!
''!!!'
!    ' $  4        '         ,
 !  !   ,  56*
 7!      '  '!
'  , !      '     0  '  ' !$
      !     !!            
'$
Limitations
&,,!''
''!$,
,!,!56*7$
References
G9$5$E$6$$)<=<+Jugaad Innovation: Think Frugal, Be Flexible, Generate Breakthrough
Growth$E(
$1$6$9$;7 E$)<=>+$! H' !!(
!.$Computers & Education92K=(=Q$
$ ;  $ )<=@+&, ( !' !(
$G'!D?)<+<@K(Q<
C!  $  5  E$$#$-$    -!  E$  )<=<+    *    
&!$4.$B$$ -!E$$ -$&#$)+
* $ * <=<$  9  
@F<?$!-!
$)<=K+Frugal EducationRS'.88'!$8
  $  )<=<=+ Frugal Education Guiding Principles RS    '
.88'!$88
 A$ 90 #$& 5$; 5$ )<=?+$ '  !
!.  ,      '    !  !$International Journal of
Computer Games Technology2018$
*  E$  )<=Q+ Ds106: It’s All About the Trailing Edge RS    '
T.88$8=>(((((!(!8U
EE $;5C$$)<=F+$4'!*
1.  !    7    5  $ Journal of Educational Technology
Systems44)+?>M<F$
:$ ; #$ 5$ )<=>+$ *( ! < . , '
$Computers in Human Behavior63F=(F?$
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6' *( !$4Society for Information Technology &
Teacher Education International Conference)$ ?FF(?>+$ '
'!1)1+$
  6$    #  5$&$  )<=D+  2! 4.  !!  &  6    6
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,'$Computers in Human Behavior87K<(<=>$
&$$$)<=F+$&.0(
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''!'
$British Journal of Educational Technology47)+>D(?Q$
"  E$  )<=Q+ MOOCs Need to Be User Innovation Toolkits RS    '
T.88!$G$8<=Q8=88((((((8U
... También, se han cocreado itinerarios de aprendizaje (Villatoro y de-Benito, 2022), herramientas para itinerarios de aprendizaje (Hyysalo et al., 2019;Wareing et al., 2019), así como actividades de resolución de problemas en línea (Pee, 2020). Igualmente, se ha diseñado de manera colaborativa entre profesorado y alumnado un programa de aprendizaje asistido entre iguales (Higgins et al., 2019), recursos digitales de aprendizaje basados en juegos (Clarke et al., 2020) y un campus virtual 3D para la enseñanza a distancia sincrónica (González-Yebra et al., 2019). En cuanto a la participación del alumnado en procesos de evaluación se distinguen tres fases: (1) planificación de la evaluación, (2) desarrollo y/o ejecución de la evaluación y/o (3) valoración de los resultados de aprendizaje (Rodríguez Gómez et al., 2013). ...
Article
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Resumen Esta investigación indaga las percepciones que los profesores tienen sobre los procesos de cocreación de la evaluación en entornos de aprendizaje enriquecido por tecnología en educación superior. En este estudio cualitativo de casos múltiples se entrevistó a seis profesores (cuatro mujeres y dos hombres) y se analizaron los datos siguiendo el criterio inductivo-deductivo por medio de Atlas.ti. Este artículo presenta resultados relacionados con el nivel de participación de los/las estudiantes, el rol del alumnado y del profesorado, así como el papel de las TIC en procesos de cocreación y los aprendizajes que ambos agentes adquirieron en él. Del análisis cualitativo de los resultados, se infiere un rol más democrático en el profesorado y un rol activo en el alumnado. Igualmente, se percibe un aumento en el nivel de participación de los/as estudiantes. Además, los aprendizajes de los participantes de este proceso sacan a la luz algunos beneficios y limitaciones sobre la cocreación de la evaluación. Por un lado, se observa la adquisición de habilidades prácticas, de razonamiento y profesional por parte del alumnado. Asimismo, se percibe un aumento de la alfabetización en evaluación, la motivación y la empatía por parte de los mismos. Por otro lado, el profesorado expone el factor tiempo y organizacional como grandes limitantes del proceso de cocreación. Por último, se señala que esta investigación busca contribuir a la escasa literatura y no pretende generalizar sus resultados. Abstract This research aims to gain professors' perceptions on assessment co-creation processes in Technology Enhanced Learning Environments (TELE) in Higher Education. We will present results related to students' level of participation, and students', professors', and ICT's role in the co-creation process. Furthermore, we will show what students' and professors' learnt from this process. To do so, we conducted a qualitative multi-case study and we interviewed six professors (four females and two males) who participated in this research. To analyze data, we used Atlas.ti following the inductive-deductive criteria. It is inferred that professors tend to have a more democratic role whereas students assume a more active one. Also, students' level of participation seems to be raised. In addition, participants, from their learning in assessment co-creation, revealed some benefits and limitations in the process. On the one hand, professors perceived students' acquisition of practical, reasoning, and professional skills on the part of students. Likewise, teachers reported an increase in evaluation literacy, motivation, and empathy on their part. On the other hand, the teaching staff pointed out as major constraints to the co-creation process the time and organizational factors. Finally, we would like to highlight that this research seeks to contribute to the scarce literature and does not intend to generalize its results.
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