Article

Stephen Farrall, Ben Hunter, Gilly Sharpe, Adam Calverley, Criminal careers in transition; The social context of Desistance from crime: Clarendon studies in criminology, Oxford University Press, 2014, 352 pages

March 2015
Champ pénal

DOI:10.4000/champpenal.9180

Authors:

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

Beggarman or Thief: Methodological Issues in Offender Specialisation Research

August 2006 · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology

The problem of offender specialisation is one of the long-standing themes in theoretical and empirical criminology. Specialised offending suggests that there are specific causal factors that give rise to particular kinds of crime, whereas generalised offending is evidence for broader social and economic causes. Criminological research has shown consistent but weak evidence for specialisation. ... [Show full abstract] However, studies of offending specialisation entail methodological assumptions about how episodes of offending should be conceptualised and classified. This study examines two aspects of the methodology of offender specialisation research and their impact on specialisation indices like the Forward Specialisation Coefficient. The issues examined are first, how offending is represented in terms of offence classifications, and the impact of using a narrow versus broad classification system, and second, the impact of different rules for classifying episodes that comprise multiple offence types. Both of these methodological issues were found to have an impact on measures of offence specialisation. In general, higher levels of specialisation were found when broad offence categories were used compared with narrow ones, and when mixed offending episodes were defined by a Most Serious Offence rule compared with a generic 'combination' category. These findings suggest that specialisation research needs to give greater attention to the assumptions made in classifying and aggregating offence data.

Book

Criminal Careers in Transition: The Social Context of Desistance from Crime

July 2014

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J. Anthony. Watkins

Typescript. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nebraska at Omaha. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 377-400).

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The Football ‘Hotspot’ Matrix

January 2014

Reflecting the concerns of much orthodox criminology, research on football-related crime and disorder has so far focused mainly on iden- tifying underlying causes of the dispositionsshown by some supporters to behave in criminal and antisocial ways: for example, what biological (Buford, 1991), developmental (Marsh, 1978), social (Armstrong, 1998; Dunning et al., 1988; Robson, 2000) or political ... [Show full abstract] (Taylor, 1971; Clarke, 1978) conditions lead individuals and groups to become ‘hooligans’?

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Containment Theory

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Robert C. Hauhart

Containment theory is a form of control theory proposed by Walter Reckless in the 1940s–1960s. The theory contends that a series of external social factors and internal qualities effectively insulate certain individuals from criminal involvement even when ecological variables induce others to engage in crime. Although initially promising, the theory was criticized by some criminologists for ... [Show full abstract] various weaknesses. However, the theory has been subjected to very few empirical tests and therefore the relative strengths of its various propositions have never been properly established.

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In order to understand crime and the legal system in the People’s Republic of China (P.R.C.), it is necessary to understand the components of a crime and the structure of the judicial system in the P.R.C. By examining the elements of crime from the written criminal code and by analysing the structure of the judicial system, we will find some procedural and substantive challenges to appeal, which ... [Show full abstract] might contradict the philosophy of unbiased judicial principles. The article also explores possible social and political forces that might affect the direction of legal reform in China. The author aims to provide the readers with a basic overview of the judicial system in China and the social forces behind the current legal reform towards the rule of law.

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DETERMINANTS OF CRIME AMONG PERSONS SERVING A PENALTY IN PENITENTIARY ESTABLISHMENTS

December 2022 · International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences

The article aims to discuss crime-related issues in the light of social pathology, as well as crime-related phenomena and processes in the field of criminology, in terms of the types and categories of crimes. It defines social pathology and one of its forms, which is criminality, and its causes. This is also the context to present the process of resocialisation in the penitentiary establishment. ... [Show full abstract] To discuss the main topic, the Authors present the crime-related phenomena and processes in the field of criminology and social practice, the forms and causes of crime in the families of adult detainees, the prisons and their functioning and tasks, as well as the effects of resocialisation in the support system for detainees and their families.

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The Social Reaction for The Effort of Crime Prevention (In The Short Analizing)

June 2014 · Jurnal Hukum

Faisol Azhari

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Really, talking about the problem of the social reactionÂ for the crime and offenders in the development of criminology science are so important. Therefore in analizing for that case and Â how to solve about crimeÂ the criminology science isnâ€™t limmited about the background of crime only or law.Â Â Â Â Â Â The crime prevention is also explained by Criminology. Therefore ... [Show full abstract] Criminology is also include the study of the social reaction against crime. Edwin H Sutherland and Cressey said that the crime prevention or the social reaction against crime include within criminology. And really, accordance with the development of criminology science it needs the other sciences to support it in analizingÂ for crime and crime causation such as the anthropology science phsichology science sociology criminal science etc. There are several approaches analizing about the crime and the effort of crime prevention.Keywords: The crime prevention, The social reaction against crimeÂ

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Crime is an activity which is against the law and the fact that the linkage between criminal activities and the socio-economic development of the society is undeniable. Moreover, the relationship between crime and evolution of mankind may also be considered a historical one as Cain (first son of Adam and Eve) committed first crime when he murdered his brother Able because of jealousy. Due to the ... [Show full abstract] complex nature of the subject of crime, for example, regarding its causes and consequences, various academic disciplines such as criminology, sociology, geography, psychology and demography study it from their own perspective. A relatively new emerging field, however, is the economics of crime which tries to identify the socio-economic causes and consequences of criminal activities in a society.

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Masculinity and Criminology: The Social Construction of Criminal Man

July 2013 · The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice

Helen McFarlane

The development of a masculine criminology is something that has been missing from much of the criminological literature. Until recently, there was little consideration given to the concept of masculinity as a tool for understanding men and criminal behaviour. Therefore, this article discusses the relevance of masculinity as a tool for developing our understanding of male criminality with ... [Show full abstract] reference to the case of Raoul Moat. The discussion focuses upon the social construction of masculine identity and the relationship that exists between masculinity and criminality as both theoretical and analytical concepts in the study of men and crime.

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The criminal world of women : female crime, criminology, and socialism in Russia, 1917-1931 /

Sharon Kowalsky

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-62).

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Religion, Crime, and Prosocial Behaviour

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In this chapter we review the available research on the relationship between religion, crime, and prosocial behaviour. Although wide sweeping conclusions are difficult to make for a variety of issues, there is a reasonably consistent body of research that supports the idea that religion is positively related to prosocial behaviour, and is negatively related to criminal and antisocial behaviour. ... [Show full abstract] Various criminological explanations are provided for these findings, focussing on the role of religion in promoting social cohesion and in enhancing self-control. A model which integrates distal (evolutionary) and more proximate explanations for the effect of religion on pro- and antisocial behaviour is provided.

Stephen Farrall, Ben Hunter, Gilly Sharpe, Adam Calverley, Criminal careers in transition; The social context of Desistance from crime: Clarendon studies in criminology, Oxford University Press, 2014, 352 pages

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