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Investigation of the Effect of Amrap and Classic Crossfit Trainings in Wrestlers on Anerobic Power

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The aim of this study is to investigate anaerobic power changes of the wrestlers who are performing AMRAP (As many reps or rounds as possible) and Classic Crossfit trainings. The research has been conducted on thirty-two male wrestlers who are challenging in first league of Turkish Wrestling in the season of 2018-2019. The volunteer participants in test groups during eight weeks preseason in preparation stage; Test Group I (Classic Crossfit) and Test Group II (Crossfit AMRAP) have performed Crossfit models three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). They have participated in routine wrestling trainings in between times (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday). The data form has been given to identify the demographic features of the participants. The support of specialist physician has been ensured during the implementation of the programs. By creating a measuring parkour and after recording respectively body weight, height and age, 6-30 sec anaerobic power test on wattbikepro has been implemented and it has been recorded on data form. The measurements recorded on data form have been arranged on MS Excel spreadsheet program. When identifying the differences between first and last measurements of anaerobic power values of the participants, two factor variance analysis (two-way ANOVA for repeated measures) has been used in repetitive measurements. As findings, when evaluating results obtained at the end of 8-week training period, significant changes have been found in group X time interaction dimension in 6-30 sec anaerobic absolute average power (watt) and anaerobic relative average power (watt/kg) values in classic Crossfit training group (p<0,05). According to simple effect test results, it has been seen a change in classic Crossfit training group at the end of the process in 6 sec Anaerobic Absolute Average Power (watt), Anaerobic Relative Average Power (watt/kg) and Anaerobic Absolute Peak Power (watt) values. On the other hand, an interaction has been recorded in AMRAP Crossfit training group only in Anaerobic Absolute Peak Power (watt) values. Consequently, even though it has been ensured that there is a change in a positive way in anaerobic capacity in wrestlers in both Crossfit training models, it has been seen that the effect of classic Crossfit trainings on the performance is more.
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International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology www.ijaep.com VOL. 9 (9)
73
Investigation of the Effect of Amrap and Classic Crossfit Trainings in
Wrestlers on Anerobic Power
Ali Türker1 and Oğuzhan Yüksel2
1Mus Alparslan University, Turkey.
2
Dumlupinar University, Turkey.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate anaerobic power changes of the wrestlers who are performing
AMRAP (As many reps or rounds as possible) and Classic Crossfit trainings. The research has been
conducted on thirty-two male wrestlers who are challenging in first league of Turkish Wrestling in the
season of 2018-2019. The volunteer participants in test groups during eight weeks preseason in preparation
stage; Test Group I (Classic Crossfit) and Test Group II (Crossfit AMRAP) have performed Crossfit models
three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). They have participated in routine wrestling trainings in
between times (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday). The data form has been given to identify the demographic
features of the participants. The support of specialist physician has been ensured during the implementation
of the programs. By creating a measuring parkour and after recording respectively body weight, height and
age, 6-30 sec anaerobic power test on wattbikepro has been implemented and it has been recorded on data
form. The measurements recorded on data form have been arranged on MS Excel spreadsheet program.
When identifying the differences between first and last measurements of anaerobic power values of the
participants, two factor variance analysis (two-way ANOVA for repeated measures) has been used in
repetitive measurements. As findings, when evaluating results obtained at the end of 8-week training
period, significant changes have been found in group X time interaction dimension in 6-30 sec anaerobic
absolute average power (watt) and anaerobic relative average power (watt/kg) values in classic Crossfit
training group (p<0,05). According to simple effect test results, it has been seen a change in classic Crossfit
training group at the end of the process in 6 sec Anaerobic Absolute Average Power (watt), Anaerobic
Relative Average Power (watt/kg) and Anaerobic Absolute Peak Power (watt) values. On the other hand, an
interaction has been recorded in AMRAP Crossfit training group only in Anaerobic Absolute Peak Power
(watt) values. Consequently, even though it has been ensured that there is a change in a positive way in
anaerobic capacity in wrestlers in both Crossfit training models, it has been seen that the effect of classic
Crossfit trainings on the performance is more.
Keywords: Anaerobic Power, Crossfit, Wrestling, Amrap.
1. Introduction
Crossfit is a sport organization whose popularity is speeding up as a brand and training modality
throughout the World. We see that it is participated in more than 10.0000 sport organizations in more than
142 countries in 2014 [3]. This popularity is increasing day by day and it has been creating an individual
cultural structure by arranging yearly Crossfit games [1]. Because of the popularity and speed in spreading
culturally of Crossfit, Forbes Magazine has categorized it as sport organization which is the fastest growing
in America [15].
In Crossfit programs whose founder is Glassman, 10 basic bio motor skills required to be improved
are aimed. These skills; cardiovascular, capacity, power, strength, flexibility, endurance, speed, coordination,
agility, balance and hitting [12]. When examining the content of Crossfit programs, we can see that it consists
of functional movements performed in high intensity. Crossfit training programs typically include Olympic
liftings, power liftings (squat, deadlift, bench press etc.) and gymnastic movements [24]. Exercise programs
called “Work of Day (WOD)” with these movements have been created and these turn Crossfit into a flexible
structure [21]. Crossfit programs by general definition is creating a good alternative to High Intensity
Interval Training (HIIT) modality. Crossfit exercises are functional performances which are multi-junction
and including combined movements and because it is structured in high in intensity, resting times between
sets is either not or pretty short [26,11].
Crossfit exercises is very close to High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) working principle. The
principle of “Functional Training” is aiming a multifaceted improvement close to real movements and far
from isolated [5]. Crossfit combines it with high intensity and short intervals [10]. Another important reason
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of the popularity of Crossfit is that it includes less risk of injury compared to most of the traditional training
[10].
Crossfit has a flexible structure with training models and methods. Today, AMRAP (As many reps or
rounds as possible) method is a commonly used method which is also used in Crossfit Games [18]. In this
method, the aim is to perform required movement routines as much as possible for a length of time [9]. This
method is also aiming to push physiologic limits of the sportsmen by forcing working capacity along with
the fatigue [25].
When we look at the sportive performance, we can easily see that aerobic and anaerobic capacities
are some of the most important parameters for sportsmen to reach the success [17]. Crossfit training models
target aerobic and anaerobic capacity within together [20]. Aerobic capacity can be defined as oxygen which
can be used in society. While anaerobic capacity is the ability to adapt in maximal and minimal sub Works,
anaerobic power is on the other hand a response to anaerobic capacity of the work performed in unit of time
[27]. Crossfit exercises continue in high intensity and have short resting times. For this reason, it has to use
all energy systems and thus it is known that it improves not only aerobic but also anaerobic capacity and
power [13]. In terms of the difficulty, performing time and movements included of Crossfit exercises, it has
been seen that anaerobic power is important for sportsmen to be successful [14].
2. Method
32 healthy male wrestler taking part actively for five years and challenging in Turkish Wrestling First
League in the season of 2018-2019 have participated in our study. While (n=16) age average values of the
wrestlers are 20.8 ± 1.15 year and their height values are 175.2± 5.03 cm in Test-I (Classic Crossfit Training)
group, (n=16) age average values of the wrestlers are 20.93 ± 1.06 year and their height values are 176.5 ± 1.4
cm in Test-II (Crossfit AMRAP; As many reps or rounds as possible). The volunteer participants in Test
groups as Test-I (Classic Crossfit) and Test -II (Crossfit AMRAP; As many reps or rounds as possible) have
performed Crossfit models in preseason preparation period for 8 weeks and three times a week (Monday,
Wednesday, Friday). They have participated in routine wrestling trainings in rest of the days (Tuesday,
Thursday, Saturday). Verbal and written explanations related to the research to be conducted and the
measurements to be made have been made to the individuals participated in the study. The individuals
accepted to participate into the study have been ensured to fill “Volunteer Consent Form”. Each subject has
performed a gradual standard warming for 15 minutes before the test. All tests have been conducted on the
same day and have been observed and recorded by same researchers. Age, height and body weight of the
volunteer participants have been identified.
Height and Body Weight: Body heights of the participants have been adjusted with Holtain brand
slippery caliper while they are standing upright position and touching the heads of slippery caliper on the
scale and height has been read with 1 mm precision. Their body weight has been measured on Angel brand
scale which has 0,01 kg precision. The measurement has been made when the participant with the position
while the body weight on both feet even and standing on the scale and it has been recorded in terms of kg
[22].
30 sec and 6 sec Anaerobic Power Test: It is to pedal with highest speed as much as possible for 30
seconds against a certain outer resistance with wattbike pro anaerobic power. After volunteer participants
have been informed about the test before starting it, the participants have been ensured to have a position
according to seat height of wattbike with cambered knee joint (about 5 °) when they pedal at the same time
with leg scratching (Wattbike Pro, Wattbike, Nottingham, England). Air and magnetic resistances are used
in terms of increasing the resistance for the participants during the test on wattbike pro. To warm up, a
warming time for 3 minutes has been given to the participants by adjusting air and magnetic resistance as 1.
Body weight for resistance adjustments to be conducted on participants has been recorded to 30 sec test
program. Air and magnetic resistance adjustments have been implemented with the test program according
to the body weight of each participant. While the resistance has been designed according to program
specifications, it has been done in terms of representing equal work load with a percent of 7.5 of the body
weight. After the resistance has been adjusted specially for the participant on wattbike pro, the test has been
started on the condition of high speed turns as much as possible in 30 seconds. The participants have been
motivated verbally during the test. The information related to power parameters during the test has been
transferred to the program on wattbike 30’pro. All power parameters have been calculated by software
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program. After the test is completed, the instruction to continue to pedal against 1 magnetic resistance and
air against cooling has been given to the participants. The participants have been given 3-5 minutes for
cooling down [23,7]
When identifying 6 sec anaerobic power capacity, all protocols defined above have been implemented
exactly and the test has been conducted by ensuring the participant to perform with the highest level for 5 6
sec on wattbike pro. 6 sec anaerobic power and 30 sec anaerobic power tests have been conducted on the
participants on different days. The participants have been provided to rest between those two measurements
[28].
2.1.Training Protocol
Test-I (Crossfit AMRAP; As many reps or rounds as possible) and Test II (Classic Crossfit) groups
have performed Crossfit models 3 days in a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for 8 weeks. Additionally,
the participants have performed 3 days in a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday) for 8 weeks with the
condition of scope and violence in parallel.
Table1. Classic and AMRAP Crossfit Training Program
CLASSİC AND AMRAP CROSSFİT TRAINING PROGRAM
Days
WEEKS
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
1. and 2.
Morning
A-Classic
Crossfit
Training
A-Classic
Crossfit
Training
A-Classic
Crossfit
Training
Evening
A1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
A1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
A1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
3. and 4.
Morning
B-Classic
Crossfit
Training
B-Classic
Crossfit
Training
B-Classic
Crossfit
Training
Evening
B1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
B1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
B1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
5. and 6.
Morning
C-Classic
Crossfit
Training
C-Classic
Crossfit
Training
C-Classic
Crossfit
Training
Evening
C1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
C1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
C1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
7.
Morning
D-Classic
Crossfit
Training
D-Classic
Crossfit
Training
D-Classic
Crossfit
Training
Evening
D1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
D1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
D1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
8.
Morning
E-Classic
Crossfit
Training
E-Classic
Crossfit
Training
E-Classic
Crossfit
Training
Evening
E1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
E1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
E1-AMRAP
Crossfit
Training
Wrestling
Technical and
Tactical
Training
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A-Classic Crossfit Training (1st and 2nd Week)
The training program including 10 stations created by the participants has been performed circularly.
After the defined station has been implemented for 30 seconds, they have switched to the other station. The
participants have made the performance in all stations. 5 sets have been implemented in total. 1-2 minutes
rest between the sets has been given. 1. Tire& sledgehammer (10 kg), 2.Crunch, 3.Burpee, 4.Hiper extension ,
5.TRX- rowing, 6.Ab Roller crunch, 7.Rope swinging (each rope weight; 12 kg), 8.Tire flips (28 kg),
9.Skipping rope, 10.Dynamic plank stations have been created. The participants have performed the
movements according to movement rank in the stations.
A1-AMRAP (As many reps or rounds as possible) Crossfit Training (1st and 2nd Week)
The participants have been ensured to perform with the highest resistance coefficient as much as they
can within a certain time at the stations taken part in Classic Crossfit Training protocol. The resistance
coefficient that the participants can perform has been recorded individually. They have been asked to
increase resistance coefficient during 8-week training period each week in the stations within the time
specified.
B-Classic Crossfit Training (3. and 4. Week)
The training program including 9 stations created by the participants has been performed circularly.
After the defined station has been implemented for 45 seconds, they have switched to the other station. The
participants have made the performance in all stations. 6 sets have been implemented in total. 1-2 minutes
rest between the sets has been given. 1. Tire& sledgehammer (10 kg), 2.Crunch, 3.Burpees box jump over,
4.Hiper extension, 5.Ring dips, 6.Ab Roller crunch, 7.Rope swinging (each rope weight; 12 kg), 8.Air squat,
9.Dynamic plank stations have been created. The participants have performed the movements according to
movement rank in the stations.
B1-AMRAP (As many reps or rounds as possible) Crossfit Training (3rd and 4rd Week)
The participants have been ensured to perform with the highest resistance coefficient as much as they
can within a certain time at the stations taken part in Classic Crossfit Training protocol. The resistance
coefficient that the participants can perform has been recorded individually. They have been asked to
increase resistance coefficient during 8-week training period each week in the stations within the time
specified.
C-Classic Crossfit Training (5th and 6th Week)
The training program including 10 stations created by the participants has been performed circularly.
After the defined station has been implemented for 45 seconds, they have switched to the other station. The
participants have made the performance in all stations. 6 sets have been implemented in total. 1-2 minutes
rest between the sets has been given. Tire& sledgehammer (10 kg), 2.Hiper extension 3.Walking lunge (20 kg
dumbbell on both hands), 4.Crunch, 5.Push Press (Olympic Bar + place; 25 kg), 6.Box jumps (40 cm), 7. TRX-
push up, 8.Ab Roller crunch, 9. Rope swinging (each rope weight; 12 kg), 10. Tire flips (28 kg) stations have
been created. The participants have performed the movements according to movement rank in the stations.
C1-AMRAP (As many reps or rounds as possible) Crossfit Training (5th and 6th Week)
The participants have been ensured to perform with the highest resistance coefficient as much as they
can within a certain time at the stations taken part in Classic Crossfit Training protocol. The resistance
coefficient that the participants can perform has been recorded individually. They have been asked to
increase resistance coefficient during 8-week training period each week in the stations within the time
specified.
D-Classic Crossfit Training (7th Week)
The training program including 5 stations created by the participants has been performed circularly.
After the defined station has been implemented for 45 seconds, they have switched to the other station. The
participants have made the performance in all stations. 6 sets have been implemented in total. 3-5 minutes
rest between the sets has been given. 1. Back squat (60 percent of 1 maximum), 2. Butterfly pull up, 3.
Dumbbell Turkish sit up (60 percent of 1 maximum), 4. Crunch, 5. Push up stations have been created. The
participants have performed the movements according to movement rank in the stations.
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D1-AMRAP (As many reps or rounds as possible) Crossfit Training (7th Week)
The participants have been ensured to perform with the highest resistance coefficient as much as they
can within a certain time at the stations taken part in Classic Crossfit Training protocol. The resistance
coefficient that the participants can perform has been recorded individually. They have been asked to
increase resistance coefficient during 8-week training period each week in the stations within the time
specified.
E-Classic Crossfit Training (8th Week)
The training program including 3 stations created by the participants has been performed circularly.
After the defined station has been implemented for 45 seconds, they have switched to the other station. The
participants have made the performance in all stations. 2 sets have been implemented. 5 minutes rest
between the sets has been given. 1. Push press (60 percent of 1 maximum), 2. Deadlift (60 percent of 1
maximum), 3. Butterfly pull up (60 percent of 1 maximum), 4. Crunch, 5. Push up stations have been created.
The participants have performed the movements according to movement rank in the stations.
E1-AMRAP (As many reps or rounds as possible) Crossfit Training (8th Week)
The participants have been ensured to perform with the highest resistance coefficient as much as they
can within a certain time at the stations taken part in Classic Crossfit Training protocol. The resistance
coefficient that the participants can perform has been recorded individually. They have been asked to
increase resistance coefficient during 8-week training period each week in the stations within the time
specified.
Wrestling Technical and Tactical Training (1st and 8th Week)
The participants in each training group of Test-I (Crossfit AMRAP; As many reps or rounds as
possible) and Test II (Classic Crossfit) groups have performed wrestling combined technical and tactical
trainings 3 days in a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday) for 8 weeks with the condition of scope and
violence in parallel. HIIT (High Intensive Interval Training) program suitable to wrestling branch feature has
been implemented. In each exercises session, wrestling trainings; 10 minute warming (running and sprint
and then static and dynamic stretching of lower and upper extremities), 20 minute routine wrestling
exercises, 22-25 minute HIIT (8 wrestling technics) and 10 minute cooling (standard stretching) have been
performed as unit training for 90 minutes [2].
2.3. Analysis
In data analysis, MS Excel (2007) spreadsheet program for Windows has been used and the graphics
have been drawn. The analysis has been written in MS Word (2007) for Windows. The statistical analysis has
been written in SPSS (17.0) program for Windows. For identifying the differences between pre and final
measurements anaerobic power values of test and control group participants in the study, two-way ANOVA
test has been used for repetitive measurements. We have looked at whether the data has normal distribution
or not for defining a suitable test before testing the hypothesis. Significance level has been evaluated as p <
0.05.
3.Results
Table 2. Comparing “30 Sec Absolute Average Power- Absolute Peak Power –Relative Average Power” values
according to Group X Measurement interaction.
Measurement
Group
Measurement
N
Art. Ort. ± Std. D.
F
P
Anaerobic
Absolute
Average Power
(watt)
AMRAP
Pre test
16
542,800
51,569
9,019
0,005*
Final test
16
556,100
58,350
Classic
Pre test
16
556,100
58,351
Final test
16
579,612
65,498
Anaerobic
Absolute Peak
AMRAP
Pre test
16
879,600
75,061
0,814
0,374
Final test
16
928,400
64,975
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Power
(watt)
Classic
Pre test
16
952,950
102,815
Final test
16
981,100
109,825
Anaerobic
Relative
Average Power
(watt/kg)
AMRAP
Pre test
16
6,775
0,791
4,340
0,046*
Final test
16
6,859
0,722
Classic
Pre test
16
6,931
0,551
Final test
16
7,284
0,687
(df=1,30, *p<0,05)
When obtained results have been evaluated, the difference between pre and final test average values
of AMRAP Crossfit group and Classic Crossfit group in Anaerobic Absolute Average Power and Anaerobic
Relative Average Power values in group X time interaction has been found statistically significant on behalf
of classic Crossfit group (*p<0,05).
Table 3. Comparing simple effect “30 Sec Absolute Average Power- Absolute Peak Power –Relative Average Power”
values
Test
Group
Measurement
Measurement
MD ± Std. H.
P
(-1)
(-2)
Anaerobic Absolute
Average Power
(watt)
AMRAP
Final test
Pre test
0,775
5,354
0,886
Classic
Final test
Pre test
23,513
5,354
0,000*
Anaerobic Absolute
Peak Power
AMRAP
Final test
Pre test
48,800
16,180
0,005*
Classic
Final test
Pre test
28,150
16,180
0,092
Anaerobic Relative
Average Power
(watt/kg)
AMRAP
Final test
Pre test
0,084
0,092
0,366
Classic
Final test
Pre test
0,354
0,092
0,001*
According to simple effect test results, the development in Anaerobic Absolute Peak Power values of
AMRAP Crossfit group and Anaerobic Absolute Average Power and Anaerobic Relative Average Power
values in classic Crossfit training group has been found statistically significant (*p<0,05).
Table 4. Comparing 6 Sec Absolute Average Power- Absolute Peak Power –Relative Average Power” values according
to Group X Measurement interaction.
Measurement
Group
Measurement
N
AM ± Std. H.
F
P
Anaerobic
Absolute Average
Power
(watt)
AMRAP
Pre test
16
843,200
78,448
8,527
0,007*
Final test
16
851,900
82,600
Classic
Pre test
16
818,500
65,029
Final test
16
884,700
63,756
Anaerobic
Absolute Peak
Power
(watt)
AMRAP
Pre test
16
951,600
97,464
0,019
0,891
Final test
16
1006,300
84,437
Classic
Pre test
16
1011,600
69,619
Final test
16
1069,000
87,291
Anaerobic
Relative Average
Power
(watt/kg)
AMRAP
Pre test
16
10,501
1,004
6,28
0,018*
Final test
16
10,761
0,934
Classic
Pre test
16
10,261
1,168
Final test
16
11,250
0,728
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(df=1,30, p<0,05)
When evaluating obtained results, the difference between pretest and final test values of AMRAP
Crossfit group in Anaerobic Absolute Average Power and Anerobic Relative Average Power values in group
X time interaction dimension and also pretest and final test values of classic Crossfit group has been found
statistically significant on behalf of classic Crossfit group (*p<0,05).
Table 5. Comparing Simple effect “6 Sec Absolute Average Power- Absolute Peak Power –Relative Average Power”
values.
Test
Group
Measurement
Measurement
MD ± Std. H.
P
(-1)
(-2)
Anaerobic
Absolute Average Power
(watt)
AMRAP
Final test
Pre test
8,700
13,924
0,537
Classic
Final test
Pre test
66,200
13,924
0,000*
Anaerobic Absolute Peak
Power
(watt)
AMRAP
Final test
Pre test
54,700
13,791
0,000*
Classic
Final test
Pre test
57,400
13,791
0,000*
Anaerobic Relative
Average Power
(watt/kg)
AMRAP
Final test
Pre test
0,260
0,206
0,216
Classic
Final test
Pre test
0,989
0,206
0,000*
Along with that there is statistically significant difference based on Anaerobic Absolute Peak Power
and Anaerobic Relative Average Power training period of AMRAP Crossfit group
when examining pre and final test values according to simple effect test results, the change in classic
Crossfit training group in Anaerobic Average Power, Anaerobic Relative Average Power and Anaerobic
Absolute Peak Power values has shown statistically significant difference (*p<0,05).
4. Discussion and Conclusion
The aim of this study is to identify the effect level of classic Crossfit training and Crossfit AMRAP
training on anaerobic power. When we look at the effect of training models applied for 8 weeks on anaerobic
power development, the quantitative development in Absolute Average Power and Anaerobic Relative
Average Power values of classic Crossfit training group is found statistically significant compared to the
development in Crossfit AMRAP training group according to Watt Bike anaerobic test results conducted for
30 and 6 seconds. Considering refereed journal and journals in the index, there is a limited literature
possibility on performance parameters.
When examining the pre and final measurements of the groups, the quantitative development has
been found statistically significant only in 30 seconds Watt Bike test in Crossfit AMRAP training group.
While the development in Anaerobic Absolute Average Power and Anaerobic Relative Average Power
values of regular Crossfit training group has been found significant in 30- and 6-seconds Watt-Bike test,
Anaerobic Absolute Peak Power has been found significant only in 6 seconds Watt-Bike test.
Dexheimer et al. in their study have identified that Crossfit has enhanced the relation of “fran”,
“grace” and nancy models with anaerobic power performance and they have also stated that only nancy
models have significant relation with anaerobic power [8].
Timon et al. in their study have examined biochemical parameters and recovery after Crossfit training
model in different type. In this study, AMRAP and RFR (rounds for time) method within work of the day
have been compared. At the end of this study, there is more increase in RFR model, lactic amount, difficulty
level perceived (RPE), Maximum heart beat number and average compared to AMRAP model. Especially in
high heart beat numbers endurance time is more in RFT model. While RFT is more intensive model as
violence, AMRAP can be considered to develop to work in higher masses. It can be stated that the findings
of our study are supported in terms of the parameters that this study has examined [25].
Bellar et al. in their study have stated that the difference in peak power value of the sportsmen
(806.5±129.4 w) who have not participated in any competition before and experienced sportsmen
(864.8±154.8 w) who have performed actively and participated in competitions is not statistically significant.
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In addition to that, they have identified that experienced group has achieved more reps in a significant way
in AMRAP exercises and completed reps in 21-15-9 workout exercises in shorter time in a significant way.
Also, it has been cited that Crossfit performance is related with aerobic capacity and anaerobic power of the
individual [4,17].
Martínez et al. in their measurements that they have conducted on the sportsmen whose age average
is 36±9 and participated in Crossfit competitions, have stated that body weight of high-performance group
(HP) is 78±2 and body weight of the sportsmen who have shown low performance (LP) is 84±11. It has been
noted that the performances of HP group are significantly higher in squat jump test results. Also, it has been
reported that the difference between average power values (HP;671 ± 39, LP;639 ± 70 w) and peak power
(HP;823 ± 58, LP;788 ± 86 w) values has not been found significant [14].
Bellar has cited that aerobic capacity and anaerobic power with the experience and age has affected
Crossfit performance [4]. Butcher et al. have defined that grace and fran performances of the sportsmen
participated in 4th Crossfit Open are related with anaerobic threshold [6]. Goins et al. have stated that they
have observed a significant development in some strength values and anaerobic capacity values in 6 weeks
in their study which they have examined the effects of 6-week Crossfit training on some physical and
physiologic variables [13]. Schafer et al. have reported that the increase in vertical jump, anaerobic power
and peak power values in first grade college students who have 18 age average and performed ROTC
training with Crossfit for 12 weeks has not shown significance [19]. Most of the studies in literature have
shown that Crossfit training is effective on anaerobic power development. One study has noted that it has
not provided an increase in anaerobic power values [19].
As a consequence, while the quantitative increase in performance values of AMRAP Crossfit training
group after 8-week training has not been found statistically significant, the alteration in classic Crossfit
training has been found effective. It has been seen that AMRAP Crossfit training is effective only on peak
power. The effective resistance coefficient which can be performed during the implementation of the
movement in AMRAP model has been decreasing the quality of output against resistances. At the same time,
it has been causing injury risks. The criteria to participate in Crossfit trainings should be implemented by
identifying effectively by the trainers. It has been seen that the design of classic crossfit training model is
more distinct in reflecting to the wrestlers. However, it should be noted that the wrestlers to be trained
actively involve in either Greco-Roman or freestyle.
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Değerlerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Öğrenci Çalışmaları, 1(1), 50-57.
... Detailed information on the quality scores of each included study's PEDro scale is presented in Table 2. The PEDro scale scores ranged from 5 to 6. Seven studies scored 6 points [59][60][61][62][63][64][65], while six studies scored 5 points [41, [66][67][68][69][70]. These scores indicate that the included articles are of good quality. ...
... Seven studies investigated the impact of HIFT on power in a total of 184 male martial arts athletes, 20 female martial arts athletes, and 22 female volleyball athletes [41, [59][60][61]64,68,70]. The main methods used to evaluate power included the squatting jump, standing long jump, and Anaerobic Power Test. ...
... Notably, Caloglu and Yuksel found that eight weeks of HIFT positively impacted the power indicators of wrestlers[41]. Furthermore, numerous studies across different sports have demonstrated the effectiveness of HIFT in enhancing athletes' power ability[60,61,64,68,70]. Thus, our metaanalysis provides robust evidence supporting the positive impact of HIFT on athletes' power ability. ...
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... Katılımcılardan elde edilen verilere istatistiksel analizler uygulanmadan önce normallik testleri uygulanmış olup ilgili verilerin analizler için varsayımları sağlayıp sağlamadığı kontrol edilmiştir (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2013 (Ambroży, 2022;Türker & Yüksel, 2020;Kartal & Ergin, 2020;Shamsi vd., 2022;Şeker vd., 2019). Ancak grup içi 20 metre sürat skorları değerlendirildiğinde geleneksel kuvvet antrenman uygulayanlarda azalma olurken Amrap modeli crossfit modelinde ise sürenin arttığı görülmektedir. ...
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Bu araştırmanın amacı; Rekreatif amaçlı geleneksel kuvvet ve AMRAP modeli Crossfit Antrenman uygulayan bireylerde bazı performans parametrelerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya rekreasyon amaçlı fitness merkezlerinde crossfit (Crossfit AMRAP antrenman, n=30) veya geleneksel kuvvet (geleneksel kuvvet antrenman; n=30) programına dahil olan 60 erkek katılımcı gönüllü yer almışlardır. Araştırmada sekiz haftalık süreçte ilk ve son haftalarda 20 m. sürat, dikey sıçrama, 1 dak. mekik, 1 dak. şınav, 1 Maksimum tekrar kg (bench press, shoulder press, leg press, leg curl, lat pull down, barbel curl, triceps push down) ve vücut bileşimi (vücut ağırlığı, body mass index, vücut yağ yüzdesi; %, yağ kütlesi, kas kütlesi) değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Antrenman periyodu 8 hafta, haftada da üç gün olarak programlandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS (27.0) paket programında Karışık Ölçümlerde ANOVA uygulanmıştır (p<0.05). Veri analizi sonuçlarına göre gruplar arası son testler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda araştırmaya katılan grupların son test 20 metre sprint, dikey sıçrama, şınav testi, mekik testi, 1 TM (shoulder press, leg press, triceps push down) ve kas kütle değerleri istatistiksel farklılığa sahiptir. Grup içi ön test-son test değerleri karşılaştırıldığında AMRAP grubunda dikey sıçrama, şınav testi, mekik testi 1 TM (bench press, leg press, leg curl, lat pull down, barbel curl, triceps push down), yağ yüzdesi ve kas kütle değerlerindeki gelişimin istatistiksel olarak daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. 20 m. sürat ve 1 TM shoulder press değerlerindeki farklılık geleneksel kuvvet uygulayanlar lehine daha etkin değerlere sahiptir. Sonuç olarak; elde edilen veriler ışığında, AMRAP modelinin rekreatif amaçlı fitness yapan bireylerde performans değerlerine katkı sağlama konusunda öne çıktığı görülmektedir.
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Train to perform at the highest level with the lowest risk of injury. The second edition of New Functional Training for Sports produces the best results on the court, field, track, and mat, not just in the weight room. Michael Boyle, one of the world’s leading sport performance coaches, presents the concepts, methods, exercises, and programs that maximize athletes’ movements in competition. A series of functional assessments help in determining the design of a specific plan for each athlete. Self-reinforcing progressions in exercises for the lower body, core, upper body, and ultimately total body give athletes the balance, proprioception, stability, strength, and power they require for excelling in their sports. Sample programs assist in the customization process and cover each aspect of preparation for physical performance. Boyle also draws on the latest research and his wealth of experience to offer programming advice and recommendations on foam rolling, stretching, and dynamic warm-ups. New Functional Training for Sports goes beyond traditional exercise descriptions and explanations, incorporating full-color, high-definition composites of foundational movements as well as online access to video demonstrations, commentary, and analysis of key exercises. New Functional Training for Sports is a refined and expanded version of Boyle’s original work published more than a decade previously. This edition offers the most current functional training expertise to apply to your specific purposes.
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CrossFit is a fitness program that has become increasingly popular in the Western world, but as in other sports, the risk of injury is present. Only a few studies have addressed health benefits and injuries in CrossFit. It is known that chronically overloaded tendons will thicken and increase the risk of tendinopathy. However, it remains unknown whether acute overload caused by strenuous, high-intensity exercise will exert changes in tendons and if these changes can be detected and described by ultrasonography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of acute overload on tendon thickness using ultrasonography. Standardized ultrasound measurements of the patella, Achilles, and plantaris tendons were performed before and after a specific workout in 34 healthy subjects. Significant increases were observed in patella tendon thickness before (M = 4.5, SD = 0.6) and after (M = 5.0, SD = 0.7) highly intense strenuous exercise, with an estimated mean differences of 0.47 mm (95% CI: 0.35-0.59 mm; P < 0.0001) and in Achilles tendon thickness before (M = 4.4, SD = 0.4) and after (M = 4.5, SD = 0.5) workout, with an estimated difference of 0.17 mm (95% CI: 0.04-0.29 mm; P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in fascia plantaris thickness before (M = 3.4, SD = 0.5) and after (M = 3.4, SD = 0.5) workout (P = 0.97). A significant increase in the thickness of the patellar and Achilles tendons was found in response to strenuous, highly intense CrossFit exercises. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms of the findings and possibly utilize this to gain a better understanding, further studies must be conducted.