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A mixed elasticity formulation for fluid-poroelastic structure interaction
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Abstract
We develop a mixed finite element method for the coupled problem arising in the interaction between a free fluid governed by the Stokes equations and flow in deformable porous medium modeled by the Biot system of poroelasticity. Mass conservation, balance of stress, and the Beavers-Joseph-Saffman condition are imposed on the interface. We consider a fully mixed Biot formulation based on a weakly symmetric stress-displacement-rotation elasticity system and Darcy velocity-pressure flow formulation. A velocity-pressure formulation is used for the Stokes equations. The interface conditions are incorporated through the introduction of the traces of structure velocity and Darcy pressure as Lagrange multipliers. Existence and uniqueness of a solution are established for the continuous weak formulation. Stability and error analysis is performed for the semi-discrete continuous-in-time mixed finite element scheme. Numerical experiments are presented in confirmation of the theoretical results.
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We analyze a strongly coupled mixed formulation of the problem defining the interaction between a free fluid and poroelastic structure. The free fluid is governed by the Stokes equations, while the flow in the poroelastic medium is modeled using the Biot poroelasticity system. Equilibrium and kinematic conditions are imposed on the interface. A stabilized mixed finite element method for solving the stationary coupled Stokes–Biot flows problem is formulated and analyzed. The approach utilizes the same nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart (C–R) element discretization on the entire domain. Under a small data assumption, existence and uniqueness results are proved and an optimal a priori error estimate is derived.
We develop a staggered finite element procedure for the coupling of a free viscous flow with a deformable porous medium, in which interface phenomena related to the skin effect can be incorporated. The basis of the developed simulation procedure is the coupled Stokes-Biot model, which is supplemented with interface conditions to mimic interface-related phenomena. Specifically, the fluid entry resistance parameter is used to relate the fluid flux through the interface to the pressure jump across the interface. The attainable jump in pressure over the interface provides an effective way of modeling sharp pressure gradients associated with the possibly reduced permeability of the interface on account of pore clogging. In addition to the fluid entry resistance parameter, the developed simulation strategy also includes the possibility of modeling fluid slip over the porous medium. Sensitivity studies are presented for both the fluid entry resistance parameter and the slip coefficient, and representative two- and three-dimensional test cases are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the developed simulation technique.
We present a mixed finite element method for a five-field formulation of the Biot system of poroelasticity that reduces to a cell-centered pressure-displacement system on simplicial and quadrilateral grids. A mixed stress-displacement-rotation formulation for elasticity with weak stress symmetry is coupled with a mixed velocity-pressure Darcy formulation. The spatial discretization is based on combining the multipoint stress mixed finite element (MSMFE) method for elasticity and the multipoint flux mixed finite element (MFMFE) method for Darcy flow. It uses the lowest order Brezzi-Douglas-Marini mixed finite element spaces for the poroelastic stress and Darcy velocity, piecewise constant displacement and pressure, and continuous piecewise linear or bilinear rotation. A vertex quadrature rule is applied to the velocity, stress, and stress-rotation bilinear forms, which block-diagonalizes the corresponding matrices and allows for local velocity, stress, and rotation elimination. This leads to a cell-centered positive-definite system for pressure and displacement at each time step. We perform error analysis for the semidiscrete and fully discrete formulations, establishing first order convergence for all variables in their natural norms. The numerical tests confirm the theoretical convergence rates and illustrate the locking-free property of the method.
This paper presents a numerical solution of the coupled system of the time‐dependent Stokes and fully dynamic Biot equations. The numerical scheme is based on standard inf‐sup stable finite elements in space and the Backward Euler scheme in time. We establish stability of the scheme and derive error estimates for the fully discrete coupled scheme. To handle realistic parameters which may cause nonphysical oscillations in the pore fluid pressure, a heuristic stabilization technique is considered. Numerical errors and convergence rates for smooth problems as well as tests on realistic material parameters are presented.
We study flow and transport in fractured poroelastic media using Stokes flow in the fractures and the Biot model in the porous media. The Stokes–Biot model is coupled with an advection–diffusion equation for modeling transport of chemical species within the fluid. The continuity of flux on the fracture-matrix interfaces is imposed via a Lagrange multiplier. The coupled system is discretized by a finite element method using Stokes elements, mixed Darcy elements, conforming displacement elements, and discontinuous Galerkin for transport. The stability and convergence of the coupled scheme are analyzed. Computational results verifying the theory as well as simulations of flow and transport in fractured poroelastic media are presented.
We develop a new multipoint stress mixed finite element method for linear elasticity with weakly enforced stress symmetry on simplicial grids. Motivated by the multipoint flux mixed finite element method for Darcy flow, the method utilizes the lowest order Brezzi-Douglas-Marini finite element spaces for the stress and the vertex quadrature rule in order to localize the interaction of degrees of freedom. This allows for local stress elimination around each vertex. We develop two variants of the method. The first uses a piecewise constant rotation and results in a cell-centered system for displacement and rotation. The second uses a piecewise linear rotation and a quadrature rule for the asymmetry bilinear form. This allows for further elimination of the rotation, resulting in a cell-centered system for the displacement only. Stability and error analysis is performed for both variants. First-order convergence is established for all variables in their natural norms. A duality argument is further employed to prove second order superconvergence of the displacement at the cell centers. Numerical results are presented in confirmation of the theory.
We develop and analyze a model for the interaction of a quasi-Newtonian free fluid with a poroelastic medium. The flow in the fluid region is described by the nonlinear Stokes equations and in the poroelastic medium by the nonlinear quasi-static Biot model. Equilibrium and kinematic conditions are imposed on the interface. We establish existence and uniqueness of a solution to the weak formulation and its semidiscrete continuous-in-time finite element approximation. We present error analysis, complemented by numerical experiments.
Two non-overlapping domain decomposition methods are presented for the mixed finite element formulation of linear elasticity with weakly enforced stress symmetry. The methods utilize either displacement or normal stress Lagrange multiplier to impose interface continuity of normal stress or displacement, respectively. By eliminating the interior subdomain variables, the global problem is reduced to an interface problem, which is then solved by an iterative procedure. The condition number of the resulting algebraic interface problem is analyzed for both methods. A multiscale mortar mixed finite element method for the problem of interest on non-matching multiblock grids is also studied. It uses a coarse scale mortar finite element space on the non-matching interfaces to approximate the trace of the displacement and impose weakly the continuity of normal stress. A priori error analysis is performed. It is shown that, with appropriate choice of the mortar space, optimal convergence on the fine scale is obtained for the stress, displacement, and rotation, as well as some superconvergence for the displacement. Computational results are presented in confirmation of the theory of all proposed methods.
We study a finite element computational model for solving the coupled problem arising in the interaction between a free fluid and a fluid in a poroelastic medium. The free fluid is governed by the Stokes equations, while the flow in the poroelastic medium is modeled using the Biot poroelasticity system. Equilibrium and kinematic conditions are imposed on the interface. A mixed Darcy formulation is employed, resulting in continuity of flux condition of essential type. A Lagrange multiplier method is employed to impose weakly this condition. A stability and error analysis is performed for the semi-discrete continuous-in-time and the fully discrete formulations. A series of numerical experiments is presented to confirm the theoretical convergence rates and to study the applicability of the method to modeling physical phenomena and the sensitivity of the model with respect to its parameters.
In this paper, we study two modes of locking phenomena in poroelasticity: Possion locking and pressure oscillations. We first study the regularity of the solution of the Biot model to gain some insight into the cause of Poisson locking and show that the displacement gets into a divergence-free state as the Lamé constant λ∞ 1. We also examine the cause of pressure oscillations from an algebraic point of view when a three-field mixed finite element method is used. Based on the results of our study on the causes of the two modes of locking, we propose a new family of mixed finite elements that are free of both pressure oscillations and Poisson locking. Some numerical results are presented to validate our theoretical studies.
This is the Japanese translation of…
Y. Bazilevs, K. Takizawa and T.E. Tezduyar, Computational Fluid–Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications, Wiley (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118483565
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267174431_Computational_Fluid-Structure_Interaction_Methods_and_Applications
Translators: Y. Tsugawa and K. Takizawa
https://www.morikita.co.jp/books/book/2863
We study the a priori error analysis of finite element methods for Biot's
consolidation model. We consider a formulation which has the stress tensor, the
fluid flux, the solid displacement, and the pore pressure as unknowns. Two
mixed finite elements, one for linear elasticity and the other for mixed
Poisson problems are coupled for spatial discretization, and we show that any
pair of stable mixed finite elements is available. The novelty of our analysis
is that the error estimates of all the unknowns are robust for material
parameters. Specifically, the analysis does not need a uniformly positive
storage coefficient, and the error estimates are robust for nearly
incompressible materials. Numerical experiments illustrating our theoretical
analysis are included.
We model blood flow in arteries as an incompressible Newtonian fluid confined by a poroelastic wall. The blood and the artery are coupled at multiple levels. Fluid forces affect the deformation of the artery. In turn, the mechanical deformation of the wall influences both blood flow and transmural plasma filtration. We analyze these phenomena using a two layer model for the artery, where the inner layers (the endothelium and the intima) behave as a thin membrane modeled as a linearly elastic Koiter shell, while the outer part of the artery (accounting for the media and the adventitia) is described by the Biot model. We assume that the membrane can transduce displacements and stresses to the artery and it is permeable to flow.
We develop a numerical scheme based on the finite element method to approximate this problem. Particular attention must be addressed to the discrete enforcement of the interface conditions. Because of poroelasticity, the interaction of the fluid and the structure at the interface is more complicated than in the case of a standard fluid-structure interaction problem. Among different possible strategies to address this task, we consider the weak enforcement of interface conditions based on Nitsche’s type mortaring, which is easily adapted to this particular problem and it guarantees stability.
The ultimate objective of this work is to use the available solver to investigate the effect of poroelastic coupling on the behavior of fluid-stucture interaction for large arteries. In particular, we are interested to qualitatively characterize how the presence of intramural flow coupled to the arterial wall deformation affects the displacement field as well as the propagation of pressure waves.
We develop a loosely coupled fluid-structure interaction finite element solver based on the Lie operator splitting scheme. The scheme is applied to the interaction between an incompressible, viscous, Newtonian fluid, and a multilayered structure, which consists of a thin elastic layer and a thick poroelastic material. The thin layer is modeled using the linearly elastic Koiter membrane model, while the thick poroelastic layer is modeled as a Biot system. We prove a conditional stability of the scheme and derive error estimates. Theoretical results are supported with numerical examples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2014
In this article, we propose a mixed finite element method for the two-dimensional Biot's consolidation model of poroelasticity. The new mixed formulation presented herein uses the total stress tensor and fluid flux as primary unknown variables as well as the displacement and pore pressure. This method is based on coupling two mixed finite element methods for each subproblem: the standard mixed finite element method for the flow subproblem and the Hellinger–Reissner formulation for the mechanical subproblem. Optimal a-priori error estimates are proved for both semidiscrete and fully discrete problems when the Raviart–Thomas space for the flow problem and the Arnold–Winther space for the elasticity problem are used. In particular, optimality in the stress, displacement, and pressure has been proved in when the constrained-specific storage coefficient is strictly positive and in the weaker norm when is nonnegative. We also present some of our numerical results.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2014
We analyze the application to elastodynamic problems of mixed finite element methods for elasticity with weakly imposed symmetry of stress. Our approach leads to a semidiscrete method which consists of a system of ordinary differential equations without algebraic constraints. Our error analysis, which is based on a new elliptic projection operator, applies to several mixed finite element spaces developed for elastostatics. The error estimates we obtain are robust for nearly incompressible materials.
We present stable mixed finite elements for planar linear elasticity on general quadrilateral meshes. The symmetry of the stress tensor is imposed weakly and so there are three primary variables, the stress tensor, the displacement vector field, and the scalar rotation. We develop and analyze a stable family of methods, indexed by an integer r ≥ 2 and with rate of convergence in the L
2 norm of order r for all the variables. The methods use Raviart–Thomas elements for the stress, piecewise tensor product polynomials for the displacement, and piecewise polynomials for the rotation. We also present a simple first order element, not belonging to this family. It uses the lowest order BDM elements for the stress, and piecewise constants for the displacement and rotation, and achieves first order convergence for all three variables.
We consider a porous medium entirely enclosed within a fluid region and present a well-posed conform-ing mixed finite-element method for the corresponding coupled problem. The interface conditions refer to mass conservation, balance of normal forces and the Beavers–Joseph–Saffman law, which yields the introduction of the trace of the porous medium pressure as a suitable Lagrange multiplier. The finite-element subspaces defining the discrete formulation employ Bernardi–Raugel and Raviart–Thomas ele-ments for the velocities, piecewise constants for the pressures and continuous piecewise-linear elements for the Lagrange multiplier. We show stability, convergence and a priori error estimates for the associated Galerkin scheme. Finally, we provide several numerical results illustrating the good performance of the method and confirming the theoretical rates of convergence.
We consider the coupling across an interface of fluid and porous media flows with Beavers-Joseph-Saffman transmission conditions. Under an adequate choice of Lagrange multipliers on the interface we analyze inf-sup conditions and optimal a priori error estimates associated with the continuous and discrete formulations of this Stokes-Darcy system. We allow the meshes of the two regions to be non-matching across the interface. Using mortar finite element analysis and appropriate scaled norms we show that the constants that appear on the a priori error bounds do not depend on the viscosity, permeability and ratio of mesh parameters. Numerical experiments are presented.
In this article, we analyze the flow of a fluid through a domain modeled using the equations for generalized non-linear Stokes flow coupled with flow through a porous media, modeled using generalized non-linear Darcy flow equations. A prescribed flow rate is assumed specified along the inflow portion of the non-linear Stokes flow boundary. Existence and uniqueness of a variational solution to the problem is shown. An approximation algorithm is proposed and analyzed, with a priori error estimates for the approximation derived.
A locally conservative numerical method for solving the coupled Stokes and Darcy flows problem is formulated and analyzed. The approach employs the mixed finite element method for the Darcy region and the discontinuous Galerkin method for the Stokes region. A discrete inf-sup condition and optimal error estimates are derived.
We develop the theory of degenerate and nonlin ear evolution systems in mixed formulation. It will be shown that many of the well-known results for the stationary problem extend to the nonlinear case and that the dynamics of a degenerate Cauchy problem is governed by a nonlinear semigroup. The results are illustrated by a Darcy-Stokes coupled system with multiple nonlinearities. Copyright © by SIAM. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.
The transport of substances back and forth between surface and ground water is a very serious problem. We study herein the mathematical model of this setting consisting of the Stokes equations in the uid region coupled with Darcy's equations in the porous medium, coupled across the interface by the Beavers-Joseph conditions. We prove existence of weak solutions and give a complete analysis of a - nite element scheme which allows a simulation of the coupled problem to be uncoupled into steps involving porous media and uid ow subproblems. This is important because there are many legacy" codes available which have been optimized for uncoupled porous media and uid ow. 1
In this paper, we construct new finite element methods for the approximation of the equations of linear elasticity in three space dimensions that produce direct approximations to both stresses and displacements. The methods are based on a modified form of the Hellinger--Reissner variational principle that only weakly imposes the symmetry condition on the stresses. Although this approach has been previously used by a number of authors, a key new ingredient here is a constructive derivation of the elasticity complex starting from the de Rham complex. By mimicking this construction in the discrete case, we derive new mixed finite elements for elasticity in a systematic manner from known discretizations of the de Rham complex. These elements appear to be simpler than the ones previously derived. For example, we construct stable discretizations which use only piecewise linear elements to approximate the stress field and piecewise constant functions to approximate the displacement field. Comment: to appear in Mathematics of Computation
In this paper, based on interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method and mixed finite element method we consider a strongly conservative discretization for the rearranged Stokes–Biot model. Theoretical analysis and numerical modeling are carried out. From the view of mathematics, we firstly present the existence and uniqueness of solution of the numerical scheme. Then, the analysis of stability and priori error estimates are derived. From the point of numerical simulation, we report the numerical examples under uniform meshes, which well validate the analysis of convergence and the strong mass conservation.
Numerical methods are proposed for the nonlinear Stokes‐Biot system modeling interaction of a free fluid with a poroelastic structure. We discuss time discretization and decoupling schemes that allow the fluid and the poroelastic structure computed independently using a common stress force along the interface. The coupled system of nonlinear Stokes and Biot is formulated as a least squares problem with constraints, where the objective functional measures violation of some interface conditions. The local constraints, the Stokes and Biot models, are discretized in time using second order schemes. Computational algorithms for the least squares problems are discussed and numerical results are provided to compare the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms.
We analyze a weak formulation of the coupled problem defining the interac- tion between a free fluid and a poroelastic structure. The problem is fully dynamic and is governed by the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the Biot equations. Under a small data assumption, existence and uniqueness results are proved and a priori estimates are provided.
We study the interaction between a poroelastic medium and a fracture filled with fluid. The flow in the fracture is described by the Brinkman equations for an incompressible fluid and the poroelastic medium by the quasi-static Biot model. The two models are fully coupled via the kinematic and dynamic conditions. The Brinkman equations are then averaged over the cross-sections, giving rise to a reduced flow model on the fracture midline. We derive suitable interface and closure conditions between the Biot system and the dimensionally reduced Brinkman model that guarantee solvability of the resulting coupled problem. We design and analyze a numerical discretization scheme based on finite elements in space and the Backward Euler in time, and perform numerical experiments to compare the behavior of the reduced model to the full-dimensional formulation and study the response of the model with respect to its parameters.
Experiments giving the mass efflux of a Poiseuille flow over a naturally permeable block are reported. The efflux is greatly enhanced over the value it would have if the block were impermeable, indicating the presence of a boundary layer in the block. The velocity presumably changes across this layer from its (statistically average) Darcy value to some slip value immediately outside the permeable block. A simple theory based on replacing the effect of the boundary layer with a slip velocity proportional to the exterior velocity gradient is proposed and shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental results.
-This is a short presentation of the freefem++ software. In Section 1, we recall most of the characteristics of the software, In Section 2, we recall how to to build the weak form of a partial differential equation (PDE) from the strong form. In the 3 last sections, we present different examples and tools to illustrated the power of the software. First we deal with mesh adaptation for problems in two and three dimension, second, we solve numerically a problem with phase change and natural convection, and the finally to show the possibilities for HPC we solve a Laplace equation by a Schwarz domain decomposition problem on parallel computer.
A theoretical justification is given for an empirical boundary condition proposed by Beavers and Joseph [1]. The method consists of first using a statistical approach to extend Darcy's law to non homogeneous porous medium. The limiting case of a step function distribution of permeability and porosity is then examined by boundary layer techniques, and shown to give the required boundary condition. In an Appendix, the statistical approach is checked by using it to derive Einstein's law for the viscosity of dilute suspensions.
We develop a computational model to study the interaction of a fluid with a
poroelastic material. The coupling of Stokes and Biot equations represents a
prototype problem for these phenomena, which feature multiple facets. On one
hand it shares common traits with fluid-structure interaction. On the other
hand it resembles the Stokes-Darcy coupling. For these reasons, the numerical
simulation of the Stokes-Biot coupled system is a challenging task. The need of
large memory storage and the difficulty to characterize appropriate solvers and
related preconditioners are typical shortcomings of classical discretization
methods applied to this problem. The application of loosely coupled time
advancing schemes mitigates these issues because it allows to solve each
equation of the system independently with respect to the others. In this work
we develop and thoroughly analyze a loosely coupled scheme for Stokes-Biot
equations. The scheme is based on Nitsche's method for enforcing interface
conditions. Once the interface operators corresponding to the interface
conditions have been defined, time lagging allows us to build up a loosely
coupled scheme with good stability properties. The stability of the scheme is
guaranteed provided that appropriate stabilization operators are introduced
into the variational formulation of each subproblem. The error of the resulting
method is also analyzed, showing that splitting the equations pollutes the
optimal approximation properties of the underlying discretization schemes. In
order to restore good approximation properties, while maintaining the
computational efficiency of the loosely coupled approach, we consider the
application of the loosely coupled scheme as a preconditioner for the
monolithic approach. Both theoretical insight and numerical results confirm
that this is a promising way to develop efficient solvers for the problem at
hand.
In this paper we introduce and analyze an augmented mixed finite element method for the coupling of quasi-Newtonian fluids and porous media. The flows are governed by a class of nonlinear Stokes and linear Darcy equations, respectively, and the transmission conditions are given by mass conservation, balance of normal forces, and the Beavers–Joseph–Saffman law. We apply dual-mixed formulations in both domains, and, in order to handle the nonlinearity involved in the Stokes region, we set the strain and vorticity tensors as auxiliary unknowns. In turn, since the transmission conditions become essential, they are imposed weakly, which yields the introduction of the traces of the porous media pressure and the fluid velocity as the associated Lagrange multipliers. Moreover, in order to facilitate the analysis, we augment the formulation in the fluid by incorporating a redundant Galerkin-type term arising from the quasi-Newtonian constitutive law multiplied by a suitable stabilization parameter. In this way, under a suitable and explicit choice of this parameter, a generalization of the Babuska–Brezzi theory is utilized to show the well-posedness of the continuous and discrete formulations and to derive the corresponding a priori error estimate. In particular, the feasible finite element subspaces include PEERS and Arnold–Falk–Winther elements for the stress, velocity and vorticity in the fluid, Raviart–Thomas elements and piecewise constants for the velocity and pressure in the porous medium, together with piecewise constant Stokes strain tensor and continuous piecewise linear elements for the traces. Next, we employ classical approaches, which include linearization techniques, Clément’s interpolator and Helmholtz’s decomposition, together with known efficiency estimates, to derive a reliable and efficient residual-based a posteriori error estimator for the coupled problem. Finally, several numerical results confirming the good performance of the method and the properties of the a posteriori error estimator, and illustrating the capability of the corresponding adaptive algorithm to identify the singular regions of the solution, are reported.
A non-overlapping domain decomposition method is presented to solve a coupled Stokes–Darcy flow problem in parallel by partitioning the computational domain into multiple subdomains, upon which families of coupled local problems of lower complexity are formulated. The coupling is based on appropriate interface matching conditions. The global problem is reduced to an interface problem by eliminating the interior subdomain variables. The interface problem is solved by an iterative procedure, which requires solving subdomain problems at each iteration. Finite element techniques appropriate for the type of each subdomain problem are used to discretize it. The condition number of the resulting algebraic system is analyzed and numerical tests verifying the theoretical estimates are provided.
In this Note we propose two incremental displacement-correction schemes for the explicit coupling of a thin structure with an incompressible fluid. The stability and the superior accuracy of these schemes (with respect to the original non-incremental variant) are theoretically analyzed and then numerically confirmed in a benchmark.
The settlement of soils under load is caused by a phenomenon called consolidation, whose mechanism is known to be in many cases identical with the process of squeezing water out of an elastic porous medium. The mathematical physical consequences of this viewpoint are established in the present paper. The number of physical constants necessary to determine the properties of the soil is derived along with the general equations for the prediction of settlements and stresses in three‐dimensional problems. Simple applications are treated as examples. The operational calculus is shown to be a powerful method of solution of consolidation problems.
We present some results on coupling Navier-Stokes with shallow water equations for surface flows, and with Darcy's equation for groundwater flows. We discuss suitable interface conditions and show the well-posedness of the coupled problem in the case of a linear Stokes problem. An iterative method is proposed to compute the solution. At each step this method requires the solution of one problem in the fluid part and one in the porous medium. Finally, we introduce Steklov-Poincaré equation associated with the coupled problem.
Simulation of flow in fractured poroelastic media: a comparison of different discretization approaches
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Example 3, Case 3, K = 10 −4 × I, s 0 = 10 −4 , λ p = 10 6 , µ p = 10 6 . Computed velocities, first and second columns of stresses (top plots), first column components of poroelastic stress
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Figure 4: Example 3, Case 3, K = 10 −4 × I, s 0 = 10 −4, λ p = 10 6, µ p = 10 6. Computed velocities, first
and second columns of stresses (top plots), first column components of poroelastic stress (middle plots),
displacement and Darcy pressure (bottom plots) at final time T = 3 s.
Optimization-based decoupling algorithms for a fluid-poroelastic system
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