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Reading habits of Generation Z students in Pakistan: Is it the time to re-examine the school library services?

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Abstract

Abstract Quality academic achievement is based on the development of good reading skills. Generally, reading is important for students to cope up with the evolving world of knowledge. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have vastly influenced the reading practices of students. The younger generation of the information age spends most of their time in front of screens. Due to these drastic changes in the fabric of reading, generation Z is more likely to adopt e-reading. Therefore, an empirical investigation was carried out to explore the reading habits of generation Z students. For the study, a survey-based quantitative research design was applied. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The population included the students of two schools - one semi-government and one private higher secondary school of the Lahore district. The sample was selected purposively. Findings revealed that generation Z students prefer to read in paper form and in the English language. On average they read for up to four hours daily, preferably at home and mostly for academic purposes. They prefer print format, however, the advantages associated with e-reading motivate them to use electronic contents. One of the noteworthy findings is that libraries (academic/public) were their least preferred place for reading and obtaining reading material. The findings of the study would help parents, educators, and publishers to take necessary measures for promoting reading habits among students. The research findings would serve as a guideline for educationists to plan education policies according to the need and preferences of the future generation and for libraries to develop user-centered library services. Keywords: e-reading; generation Z; reading habits; Pakistan

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... The theme resulted also showed the dualism of character in the children. Generation Z is shaped by technological advances such as smartphones, broadband Internet access at home, and online connections at school (Mushtaq et al., 2021;Seemiller & Grace, 2017). Digital technology has been integrated into the ecological system of the lives of young individuals from Generation Z. ...
... Tema yang dihasilkan juga menunjukkan adanya dualisme karakter pada anak. Generasi Z dibentuk oleh kemajuan teknologi seperti smartphone, akses Internet broadband di rumah, dan koneksi daring di sekolah (Mushtaq et al., 2021;Seemiller & Grace, 2017). Teknologi digital telah terintegrasi ke dalam sistem ekologi kehidupan individu muda dari Generasi Z. Mereka lebih memilih memperoleh informasi dan pembelajaran melalui teknologi modern, seperti media visual dan video daripada melalui metode tradisional yang digunakan oleh generasi sebelumnya (Seemiller & Grace, 2017;Szymkowiak et al., 2021). ...
... This is the area in which Baby Boomers parents hope that children from Generation Z can balance themselves, in order to be more independent and self-disciplined (introspective), while also being able to practice spirituality and empathy, to achieve future success in careers and goals. Appropriate informational literacy instructions should be provided to them so they are able to utilize information reliably (Mushtaq et al., 2021). In the family context, uncertainty can be managed by optimizing the role of parents as a source of social support for children. ...
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Changes in values, culture, and technology bring new demands on Generation Z parenting, especially by parents of the Baby Boomers generation. Although previous studies considered the generational gap between Baby Boomers parents and Generation Z as a myth, preliminary study raises an urgency to explore further the experiences of Baby Boomers parents in raising children from Generation Z. This study aims to explore the experiences of Baby Boomer parents in facing challenges and viewing opportunities in parenting Generation Z children. Utilizing a qualitative approach of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), this study involved three participants from the Baby Boomers generation who have children from Generation Z in Y city. The main data of this study were the transcripts of in-depth interviews, which lasted 90-120 minutes for each participant. The results of the analysis produced three themes, being: (1) the need to build parent-child closeness to bridge the generation gap; (2) parents' efforts to understand the world of children from Generation Z; and (3) parents' expectations for future of Generation Z adolescents. This study offered the implications for providing evidence from the latest study on parenting practices to uncover challenges and opportunities from the experience of Baby Boomers raising Generation Z. Perubahan nilai, budaya, dan teknologi membawa tuntutan baru dalam pola asuh Generasi Z, khususnya oleh orang tua dari generasi Baby Boomers. Meskipun studi sebelumnya menganggap kesenjangan generasi antara orang tua Baby Boomers dan generasi muda Generasi Z sebagai mitos, study pendahuluan memunculkan urgensi untuk menggali lebih jauh pengalaman orang tua Baby Boomers dalam mengasuh anak dari Generasi Z. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman orang tua Baby Boomers dalam menghadapi tantangan dan memandang peluang dalam mengasuh Generasi Z. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif teknik Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), studi ini melibatkan tiga partisipan dari generasi Baby Boomers yang memiliki anak dari Generasi Z di kota Y. Data utama studi ini adalah transkrip wawancara mendalam yang berlangsung selama 90-120 menit untuk tiap partisipan. Hasil analisis menghasilkan tiga tema, yaitu: (1) adanya kebutuhan membangun kedekatan orang tua-anak untuk menjembatani kesenjangan generasi; (2) upaya orang tua untuk memahami dunia anak dari Generasi Z; dan (3) harapan orang tua terhadap masa depan remaja Generasi Z. Studi ini menawarkan implikasi untuk menyediakan bukti dari studi terkini tentang praktik pengasuhan untuk mengungkap tantangan dan peluang pengalaman Baby Boomers mengasuh Generasi Z.
... Attainment of high quality academic accomplishment is dependent on good reading skills (Mushtaq, Soroya, & Mahmood , 2020). Reading, as an all-time habit, is one of the main key sources to get knowledge. ...
... Our study also did not corroborate withtheobservation from Shafi & Loan ( 2010) who found that gender was a major factor impacting students' reading habits, with female students better than male students. Furthermore, findings of our research are in contradiction with other studies revealed that students were different in terms of their selection and reading habits based on gender (Mushtaq et al., 2020;Ameyaw & Anto, 2017;Ahmad et al., 2019). ...
... A research conducted byBajwa et al. (2011) investigated the topic, by comparing students' reading attitudes in formal and non-formal education systems, whereas studies conducted byAlvi, Iqbal, Masood, & Batool,(2016) were limited only to girl students of one university.Mushtaq et al. (2020), in a recent research in Pakistan, conducted an empirical investigation ...
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Reading is an intellectual task and reading habit is a human trait. Habits can be developed and moulded over time with consistent effort and environmental modifications. Psychologically, reading habit is considered a product of learning; nevertheless, reading is an art of interpreting written words. Just as human beings differ in many ways, so too they differ in their reading habits and reading performances. The current study investigated the extent of gender difference in students' reading habits and reading performance. The data collection for the survey included a specifically designed questionnaire from a sample of undergraduate engineering students of Mehran UET Jamshoro, Pakistan, selected randomly for the study. The data analysis was conducted on statistical software, SPSS-26. The findings showed no statistically significant difference between the reading habits males and females. However, they revealed that gender differences in the reading performance of students perform better with male students than female students do. Overall, the results showed a positive relationship between gender, reading habits and reading performance of students. The study recommended that all stakeholders in the university education system must work toward bridging the gender gap in reading habits and reading performance with informative resources and creating a conducive environment to cultivate a reading culture for the students.
... Attainment of high quality academic accomplishment is dependent on good reading skills (Mushtaq, Soroya, & Mahmood , 2020). Reading, as an all-time habit, is one of the main key sources to get knowledge. ...
... Our study also did not corroborate withtheobservation from Shafi & Loan ( 2010) who found that gender was a major factor impacting students' reading habits, with female students better than male students. Furthermore, findings of our research are in contradiction with other studies revealed that students were different in terms of their selection and reading habits based on gender (Mushtaq et al., 2020;Ameyaw & Anto, 2017;Ahmad et al., 2019). ...
... A research conducted byBajwa et al. (2011) investigated the topic, by comparing students' reading attitudes in formal and non-formal education systems, whereas studies conducted byAlvi, Iqbal, Masood, & Batool,(2016) were limited only to girl students of one university.Mushtaq et al. (2020), in a recent research in Pakistan, conducted an empirical investigation ...
... The digital world provides access to all types of information that people want to know. The current situation has led to an increase in students accessing digital resources on the internet instead of printed resources in libraries to obtain information (Bana 2020;Mushtaq et al., 2020; Park & Ranasinghe current issues (Mostafa, 2021). According to the OECD (2018), students who possess global competence should be capable of analysing global and intercultural issues, communicating successfully and respectfully with diverse individuals and taking necessary actions for sustainability and collective well-being. ...
... Currently, changes in reading habits have increased e-reading among young people. According to Mushtaq et al. (2020), electronic content offers several advantages. ...
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This study is all about finding out what makes a difference to how students are grouped according to their reading skills. To do this, we looked at the scores from the reading skill test and put students into groups based on whether they have high or low reading skills. In studies with lots of different variables, feature selection helps us to decide which one is the most important. This means we can reduce the size of the data and remove any variables that don't really matter. In this study, we used the Boruta algorithm, which is based on the Random Forests method. This is one of the feature selection methods, and it's really useful because it can identify shadow features, which are created by taking into account the variables. The Boruta algorithm is one of the wrapper algorithms, which can classify large data in a short time and with high accuracy. In this study, we used the PISA 2018 Türkiye data to identify 27 factors that affect reading skills. These include things like school type, career expectations, socio-economic status, interest and familiarity with ICT, metacognition strategies, and more. We collected and evaluated these factors under subject headings.
... On the other hand, quality education has its foundations in the good development of reading skills since they are fundamental to facing the knowledge society in which we find ourselves [7,8]. Sánchez-García [9] agrees that the benefits of reading go beyond the school environment, as reading favours social integration and the integral education of the individual. ...
... Mushtaq et al. [8] note that ICT have had a significant impact on the reading practices of 21st-century learners. Generation Z spend a lot of time in front of screens, and so they are often attracted to this new reading format, with which they are very familiar. ...
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The acquisition of the habit of reading is a fundamental issue for primary school pupils, as it contributes to the integral education of the person and, in some cases, may be essential for pupils to remain in the educational system and to escape social exclusion. In order to carry out research on reading promotion in socially disadvantaged contexts, it is necessary to have an appropriate instrument for these profiles. The aim of this work was to adapt and validate a questionnaire on reading habits and preferences that is suitable for pupils in the first cycle of primary education who are at risk of social exclusion. To this end, a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology was used to analyse the content validity and the construct validity, which obtained, as a result, a high correlation between the variables, an appropriate factor analysis, a high overall reliability of the instrument and, in general, an adequate model to correctly explain the data of the proposed structure. We concluded by obtaining a 22-item questionnaire that is divided into five factors and that will be appropriate for determining the reading habits and tastes of disadvantaged pupils, as well as the influence of families and schools in the task of encouraging reading.
... However, Mushtaq et al. (2020) stated that the reading habits of Pakistani students decreased during the lockdown because of a lack of technological infrastructure. ...
... Moreover, due to low proficiency in English some students were not comfortable with the on-screen reading. Online learning may be viable in the countries which are digitally advanced but not in Pakistan (Adnan, 2020) because till the time that the pandemic struck, most of the institutions including the educational systems in Pakistan functioned in the manual mode, whether in teaching, administration or research (Mushtaq et al., 2020). The lack of reliable, affordable and fast internet connections is a major hindrance for the process of online learning in most of the Pakistani regions, particularly in the rural communities (Mumtaz et al., 2021). ...
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COVID-19 has had critical global impacts on the lives of people around the world, causing not only deathly devastation but also, serious educational and economic loss in the world. It forced educational institutes to hastily shift to the online mode with little preparation to take the plunge or execute learning objectives. It was not different in Pakistan either. However, this drastic change also created new opportunities for academic research to once again fathom the limits of the human mind, prompting studies embedded in the new pedagogies. The current study contributes to the recently generated literature on the impact of these pandemic related changes on the learning process, specifically the repercussions for the English reading habits of tertiary learners in Pakistan. This is a qualitative research with emphasis on content analysis of the interviews with ten university students in Pakistan. The study outcomes revealed that the pandemic had negatively impacted the academic lives of the students with distress arising out of dearth of resources to access the means for online education, technological ignorance causing regression in their learning, and due to these two factors, a steady decline in the English reading habits of these learners. Further, the findings highlighted that in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan, with a large number of learners affected by poverty and fear, sometimes brought about as a result of the pandemic, online learning cannot produce desired results. While online learning may alleviate some of the undesirable effects of face-to-face university education, such as equality in the entry for remote or working students, other problems may also be amplified. To be an effective learning process based on technology, a collaborative approach involving all stakeholders, intuitive support, and the use of free online training resources should be promoted.
... Dengan membaca, seseorang akan terlatih memahami sesuatu dari berbagai sudut pandang. Dengan membaca pula, seseorang akan terhindar dari melakukan tindakan berbahaya akibat ketidaktahuan (Saadia et al., 2021). Secara umum, Indonesia hingga 2022 masih menyandang gelar sebagai negara dengan minat membaca buku yang rendah (Suryanti & Megawanti, 2022). ...
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p>Indonesia sampai dengan 2022 masih mengkhawatirkan dalam hal minat membaca masyarakatnya. Buku belum ditempatkan sebagai benda penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya minat membaca ialah minimnya ketersediaan media yang menarik. Di era digital ini, dibutuhkan media membaca yang juga digitalize. Sebagai alternatif solusinya, di sejumlah sekolah Kota Bandung tersedia aplikasi perpustakaan digital atau perpustakaan elektronik, salah satunya Smart Library. Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap pemanfaatan aplikasi tersebut di sekolah Kota Bandung, terutama untuk meningkatkan minat baca guru-gurunya. Dengan mengetahui strategi pemanfaatan aplikasi tersebut, sekolah-sekolah lain bisa menjadikannya sebagai model aplikasi alternatif perpustakaan digital. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan minat baca guru di sekolah Kota Bandung yang menggunakan Smart Library. Peningkatan ini dipicu juga oleh pengadaan program literasi sekolah yang memanfaatkan manajemen sistem informasi yang sudah ada pada admin Smart Library. Sejumlah guru yang masih sungkan untuk menggunakan Smart Library terkendala oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internalnya ialah rendahnya kepiawaian guru-guru yang berusia sepuh untuk membaca melalui media gawai. Faktor eksternalnya, mereka merasa tersibukkan oleh aktivitas administrasi kelas sehingga luput untuk membaca. Adanya media membaca tidak serta merta bisa meningkatkan minat membaca tanpa program literasi sekolah yang menarik dan motivasi yang kuat serta pengawasan yang ketat dari manajemen sekolah.</p
... Article 1 of Law Number 43 of 2007 concerning Libraries defines a library as an institution that organizes written, printed, and/or recorded works professionally by using a standard system to meet the needs of its users in the fields of education, research, preservation, and information, and recreation. The library has contributed greatly to the progress of national education and the interests of the world of education, in the library there are information services to students of all ages and religions (Mushtaq et al., 2021;Roy et al., 2020). Specifically, school libraries are libraries that are part of the school environment and offer books and other reading materials relevant to academic needs, such as books from government, encyclopedias, and magazines of an educational nature (Iztihana & Arfa, 2020;Wibowo, 2023;Morris, 2010;Reading, 2000). ...
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This study aims to explore the optimization of the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) as an information retrieval tool in the Library of SMA Negeri 3 Medan, focusing on identifying the challenges and barriers to its effective use. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection methods. Interviews were conducted with a librarian and three students, while observations focused on the practical issues related to OPAC usage. The findings reveal that the use of OPAC in the library is not optimal, with challenges including system integration difficulties, insufficient librarian training, and limited user familiarity. Efforts to enhance OPAC usage involve promoting OPAC awareness, increasing computer access points, and ongoing system maintenance. However, the effectiveness of these measures is hindered by technical and educational constraints, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to fully leverage OPAC's potential in improving library services.
... Participants heard the same three pop songs: "Monster" by Shawn Mendes featuring Justin Bieber (146 BPM), "Easy" by Troye Sivan (143 BPM), and "Talking to the Moon" by Bruno Mars (146 BPM). Reading paper books has become a popular trend among Generation Z (Donnell 2024;Mushtaq et al. 2021). Therefore, in this study, we simulated an advertisement for a bookstore named 'The Little Prince.' ...
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Artificial intelligence (AI) voices are widely used every day by consumers and marketers, while audio broadcasting is also returning to its golden age. Consequently, the demand to learn about the quality of AI voices in audio advertising is gradually increasing. However, there is a significant gap between video and audio advertising research. This study, therefore, used the PLS-SEM method to analyze the relative impact of using an AI voice versus a human voice in audio advertising in the context of listeners performing other tasks. It explored relationships among voice effectiveness, attitude toward the advertisement, recall, and duration with a sample size of 1,292 participants. The results show a strong relationship between voice effectiveness, attitude toward the advertisement, recall, and duration in advertising using a human voice. Meanwhile, advertising using an AI voice produces similar results, except that duration does not act as a moderator in the relationship between voice effectiveness and attitude toward the advertisement. In short, in the context of listeners not paying much attention to the ad, advertising using AI and human voices has similar effects. Indeed, more than half of the listeners do not even realize they are hearing advertisements read by AI voices.
... Alasan tersebut antara lain anggaran atau dana yang masih terbatas sehingga kebanyakan sekolah menetapkan prioritas yang lain dan bukan perpustakaan sekolah, masih terbatasnya sumber daya manusia yang memadai untuk mengelola perpustakaan sekolah, beragamnya kebutuhan pemustaka yang tidak diseimbangkan dengan penyediaan fasilitas di perpustakaan sekolah. Apabila merujuk pada Mushtaq et al. (2021) membaca yang dimiliki generasi Z ini sudah baik namun perlu mendapatkan dukungan dari perpustakaan sebagai sebuah layanan berbasis pada pemustaka, salah satunya dengan memenuhi kebutuhan informasi pemustaka menggunakan peluang untuk menyediakan berbagai macam jenis koleksi perpustakaan. Menurut Gunawan (2017), pengembangan koleksi perpustakaan dapat diartikan sebagai aktivitas menyediakan bahan pustaka yang memadai dan berdasarkan pada kebutuhan pemustaka, sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan perpustakaan agar mencapai titik pelayanan prima. ...
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Literacy is a skill that everyone must own. This literacy skill includes processing, understanding, and interpreting information about matters in specific fields. The information was obtained as support and survival. The urgency of cultivating literacy is becoming an increasingly important topic to be intensified at this time. Various ways are done so the community can fully master that literacy. One of them is by empowering the school library. Empowerment of the school library in this activity focuses on collection development. The development of school library collections is an activity schools must carry out to support student learning facilities. However, several schools still need to implement library collection development. One of them is the UPI Literacy Thematic KKN activity, namely at the Tahfidzul Qur'an Al-Ishlah Putri Islamic Boarding School, which is located in Bogor Regency. Based on these problems, the author seeks to design a community service program in the Tahfidzul Qur'an Al-Ishlah Putri Islamic Boarding School library to support the school's literacy program. The service method implemented is strengthening the school literacy program with support for developing library collections. The results of this program are a concern and the starting gate for the sustainability of literacy activities at the Tahfidzul Qur'an Al-Ishlah Putri Islamic Boarding School.
... 17). Other studies, mainly focusing on educational contexts, show that although students may now spend more time reading on screens for school and other purposes, they actually prefer print formats (Mushtaq et al., 2021;Loh and Sun, 2019). For example, Kurata et al. (2017), in an online survey, compared self-reported reading time and Persistence of print books reading preferences by media and format. ...
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons behind the persistent preference for printed content among Arabic-speaking library patrons in Jordan. Specifically, this study highlights the availability of reading materials in print, electronic and audible formats in Arabic as an intervening factor shaping reading behavior. More broadly, it aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how language preference can impact reading format preferences. Design/methodology/approach This study’s research design revolves around understanding reading format preferences among registered members of Jordan’s largest and oldest private library. This approach involved the examination of secondary library user survey data collected from N = 313 of its patrons in 2022. To gain a greater understanding of the preference for printed materials, this study conducted semistructured interviews over the phone with n = 31 participants of the library’s survey. Findings The findings of this study indicate a strong preference for print books among Arabic-speaking library patrons in Jordan. However, the availability of content in electronic and audible formats in Arabic, their preferred reading language, emerged as a potentially significant factor in the persistent preference for printed reading materials. Originality/value This study offers new insights into the specific role that the availability of content in Arabic, and possibly languages other than English, may play in shaping reading format preferences. By shedding light on this aspect of reading behavior, this research offers valuable information for libraries and publishers seeking to cater to the needs and preferences of Arabic readers.
... The instrument employed in the survey is a questionnaire including close-ended and open-ended questions. The questionnaire was adapted from the instruments developed by Mushtaq et al (2021). ...
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Reading has long been one of the most crucial skills individuals should master to function effectively in society. Due to the revolutionary penetration of information and communication technology (ICT) into almost all aspects of human life, reading has transformed from paper-based to screen-based. Thus, facilitating students to cultivate digital reading should be one of the educational priorities. This study aims at exploring the digital reading habits of students majoring in English as a foreign language (EFL) in Indonesian context. Employing a mixed-methods design, quantitative and qualitative data were collected using an online questionnaire including close-ended and open-ended questions from 79 students of the English Language Education Study Program of Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta. The results show that a majority of the participants prefer to read in English in digital reading mode due to several reasons. Their most favorable tool for reading is smartphones. Additionally, a majority of them prefer to read at home as far as they have good access to the internet. Finally, based on the analysis of the motivational and de-motivational factors of reading, the participants’ preference towards digital reading has a stronger motivational foundation than print reading.
... The impact of digital paradigm and changing reading habits has been a topic of discussion among researchers since the last two decades (Soroya and Ameen, 2016;Soroya and Ameen, 2018;Soroya and Ameen, 2020b). In this regard generational differences have also been under consideration (Alraja, 2022;Mushtaq et al., 2021). A clear distinction is made between native users and digital immigrants. ...
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Purpose In the digital transformation race, the older generation, called digital immigrants (generation X), encounter various obstacles. This study aims to investigate the e-reading adoption and cross-cultural differences among generation X. Design/methodology/approach This study collected survey-based data from generation X e-readers in Iraq and Pakistan (Pakistan, N = 235; Iraq, N = 251). Structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis (MGA) were used to arrive at a statistical decision regarding the hypotheses and the study’s primary objectives. Findings Three hypotheses ( H2 , H3 and H8 ) were supported by both data sets. However, there is positive variance based on MGA for two hypotheses ( H1 and H3 ) where the Pakistani sample’s path coefficients are greater than the Iraqi sample’s path coefficients. In contrast, there is negative variance based on MGA for two hypotheses ( H7 and H9 ) where the Iraqi sample’s path coefficients are greater than the Pakistani sample’s path coefficients. Finally, these distinctions are examined, along with a few potential research topics Originality/value Although there is a plethora of literature on digital immigrants and technology adoption in general, and specifically on e-reading uptake. Research on e-reading adoption in a global learning context is still lacking. Therefore, this study examines the e-reading behavior of digital immigrants from two developing countries (Iraq and Pakistan) and identifies significant cross-cultural differences in e-reading adoption.
... The students indicated that libraries, either academic or public, were their least preferred place for reading and obtaining reading material. 14 Research support services in university libraries of Punjab in Pakistan were examined by Nusrat Ali, Muhammad Shoaib, and Iqbal Hussain Asad. They reported that the libraries provided traditional services as well as modern facilities to scholars, students, and teachers for both face-to-face and online learning. ...
... Survei yang dilakukan di Vietnamese University menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa lebih memilih membaca teks cetak daripada digital (Stoller & Nguyen, 2020). Hal ini dikarenakan, buku fisik atau cetak dianggap lebih mudah untuk dipahami karena buku cetak tersebut dapat di annotate (diberi keterangan) dengan memberikan highlight ataupun catatan tambahan saat sedang membaca (Mushtaq, Soroya, & Mahmood, 2020). Selain itu juga diketahui bahwa sebagian besar siswa menggunakan buku cetak atau buku teks untuk kegiatan membaca akademis (Mirza, Pathan, Khatoon, & Hassan, 2021). ...
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... Teachers should develop love in school children for reading at home too. Mushtaq, Soroya, & Mahmood (2020) mentioned that academic performance and efficiency could be improved through quality reading habits. Reading improved IQ level of the students and brought innovative changes. ...
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The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is in constant evolution, much like the virus, and we must learn to adapt our undergraduate education and learning strategies to enable students to complete their studies. This narrative review focuses on what is currently known about the face-to-face and e-learning strategies of undergraduate medical students in resource-limited settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of studies, involving health professional students, took place in 2020. Few involved educators. Students have faced challenges with the transition to remote learning, for which a couple of interventions have been devised. Bridging the gap in access and utilisation of remote learning might have required more time, however, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the learning curve and the transition from in-person to online learning.
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Purpose: Grounded in the stressor-strain-outcome model, this study aims to examine the impact of different information sources on information behavior among the Pakistani Z generation during the Pandemic. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The study was quantitative, with 344 responses collected from Gen Z (those born in the late 1990s) using an online survey. The proposed structural model was tested with the help of SmartPLS 3.3. Information sources were divided into four categories, i.e., conventional media, personal networks, social media, and Internet use through official health websites. Findings: In the Pakistani context conventional media was found to develop information overload among Zers, whereas social media and personal networks were positively associated with information anxiety. However, Internet use (Official and medical websites) for health-related information seeking significantly reduced information anxiety among people. None of these information sources are the reason for information avoidance but they affect either the independent predictor of information avoidance or the mediators. Whereas information overload is a predictor of information anxiety and information anxiety is a mediator between information overload and avoidance behavior. Implications: To avoid the negative consequences of abundant information, we need to promote and encourage the use of authentic information sources to make Gen Z skeptical, independent, critical, and scientific thinkers. Originality: Information sources’ dynamics in terms of negative consequences of abundant information has not been explored previously at this magnitude, particularly from the perspective of a developing country. Keywords: Information Discontinuous; Information Overload; Information sources’ dynamics
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The level of researchers and educators knowledge about young people's current reading practices, interests, and literacy trends is impressively low. Many international reports point out the fact that today's young generation's reading habits are diminishing to critical levels and digital technologies are pointed out as the main cause. Rather than locating digital practices as a prejudice or a benefit for promoting students' literacy, this chapter aims to explore today's young people's conceptualizations and practices around reading. It presents a qualitative study that seeks to describe and in-depth understand the vision of a group of Portuguese young people from 15 to 23 years old. Results are organized in order to describe what is reading from today's young people's point of view, what they read, if they enjoy reading the curriculum-conveyed literature, which formats young people prefer to read, and how they select what to read. The discussion of these results is made through the lenses of multiliteracies approach.
Article
Digital information adoption among the older generation is becoming interesting, and e-reading consumption is an important phenomenon. The current study explores the e-reading consumption experience among Pakistani generation X readers (Xers) through the theory of planned behavior (TBP) as a theoretical framework. Secondly, theoretical conceptualization through exploration of Xers experience and then validating TBP model from a larger sample. A mixed-method research design (exploratory sequential) was employed. The study was completed in two phases; the first phase was qualitative based on nine (n = 9) in-depth face-to-face interviews. In the second phase, a quantitative research design was employed. A survey questionnaire was developed based on the TBP model and outcomes of the first phase, and the data were collected from 250 Xers from Pakistani public libraries. The first phase outlined numerous positive consequences and challenges specific to the behavioral beliefs. The circle of friends, colleagues and supervisors encourage e-reading consumption given the benefits, speed, and saver of time, cost, and effort, to name a few. Notably, e-reading consumption intention leave no alternative for Xers in the digital information era. The results of second phase show that seven out of nine proposed hypotheses were supported significantly H2 (β=0.33, p=.00), H3 (β=0.20, p=.02), H4 (β=0.27, p=.00), H6 (β=0.22, p=.01) , H7(β=0.18, p=.03), H8(β=.28, p=.00) and H9 (β=-0.15, p=.04). Whereas, H1(β= -0.03, p=.66) and H5(β=-0.02, p=.73) were rejected. The current study extends the theoretical foundations of TBP in the age of digital information consumption by exploring dimensions qualitatively and tested that proposed relationship quantitatively from a developing country context, Pakistani Xers.
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Pakistan Library Club (PLC) started its journey with the mission to unite and support the LIS colleagues by providing professional leadership for their professional, personal development and improvement of Library and information services in Pakistan through capacity building programs. Our short but impressive eleven years journey witnesses that we achieve our goals to a great extent. It is an immense pleasure to announce that Vol 4. No. 1 & 2 of PLC Newsletter “Pakistan Library Connect” has been published. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all professional colleagues, who have been participating in our different programs and encourage us with their feedback.
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The present study, a part of researcher’s Ph.D. project, aimed at exploring the reading trends of young Pakistani students (i.e., Generation Y: born during the 1980s and early 1990s, also known as internet generation), and the impact of digital media on their reading behavior. It was conducted as a pilot study on final year’s master level students of the University of the Punjab. Quantitative research design, based on a survey was used. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from 50 students through questionnaire survey. It revealed that the students’ reading behavior has been significantly changed during the last five years. Their overall reading time and digital reading time has been increased due to the availability of digital devices and digital reading material. The findings of this study are helpful in identifying the trends of reading behavior as well as in planning and designing library services with regard to the considerion of the behavior of the students.
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The scope of this study aims at investigating reading preferences of children of Lahore city, which is the capital of Punjab province-Pakistan. It was assumed that proper attention towards providing reading opportunities to primary school students (First -Fifth grade) in Pakistan is vital while inculcating reading habits at that tender age. The study was conducted on 300 primary school students. A target group of 300 primary school students was selected for this study. Mainly survey method based on administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from young students. The findings suggested that the children prefer to read locally published printed material in English. Respondents were found interested in reading short stories. (Fiction books, narrating adventure stories remained their favorite. On basis of the findings, the study furnishes suggestions for parents, teachers and school librarians, along with the local publishers for playing their effective role in developing reading habits and addresses the barriers in this regard.
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This study focused on investigating reading for pleasure among Junior high school students. The research methodology adopted for the study was the case study approach. A total number of 93 respondents comprising 87 Students, 5 Teachers and 1 Headteacher participated in the study. Questionnaires were administered to solicit information from the respondents, whilst an interview schedule was used for the Teachers and Headteacher of the school. The findings suggested that majority of the respondents do not read for pleasure, they only engage in reading primarily to pass their examinations and not so much for their personal development, fun, or to be well informed. It was also found that the total time spent on reading daily by most of the respondents was between 1-2 hours. The research findings also showed that majority of the respondents consider television viewing as a serious drawback to their engagement in leisure reading. Some of the suggestions that the study offered for promoting reading for pleasure among students were that the schools need to implement reading promotion programmes that will make reading an experience that is actively sought out by students. The researcher also suggested that a functional school library should be set up within the basic educational system; that should be well-equipped with the necessary resources to serve the reading needs of the children. The school library should create a conducive environment for reading that can make the children feel at home to engage in reading for pleasure activities.
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The purpose of this study is to promote interest and motivation in reading through a group guidance programme among the academically-challenged students. The objectives were to stimulate reading interest and enhance the multi literacy skills of students in a secondary school in Singapore. Random samples of 65 students from three academic streams were selected to participate in this programme called Striving for Total Achievement and Responsibility ( STAR). It was found that although students` interest in reading has increased, sustaining it has proven to be a daunting task. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the 2nd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and guidance.
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The present study was conducted with the main purpose of identifying reading preferences of secondary school students and their related issues. The study was conducted on a total of 387 secondary school students of academic session 2010-12 in District Bahawalpur of Pakistan. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaire and interview schedule respectively by adopting survey method. The study concluded that secondary school students preferred to read books, magazines, poetry and other reading materials to get pleasure through edutainment, kill their leisure time during holidays and/ or at weekends and for their emotional gratification. The respondents preferred to read books on religion, literature, novels, magazines and story & romantic books. They were keen on reading newspaper, traveling story and scientific books, autobiographies and literature –poetry and drama. They faced problems in reading and setting their reading preferences like high costs of the books, context and circumstances, availability of books, time and their time management ability, examinations & academic workload, lack of guidance, personal interest, and their study circles or groups.
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Purpose This study, a part of JISC‐funded UK National E‐Books Observatory, aims to find out about the perspective of students and academics, the main e‐book users, on e‐books. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides an analysis of two open‐ended questions about e‐books, contained in a UK national survey conducted between 18 January and 1 March 2008. The survey obtained a response from more than 20,000 academic staff and students; 16,000 free‐text responses were obtained to these two questions. Findings The study discloses that convenience associated with online access along with searchability was the biggest advantage of e‐books. The study shows a potential market for e‐textbooks; however, e‐books have yet to become more student‐friendly by improving features such as printing and screenreading. Originality/value This is the biggest survey of its kind ever conducted and it improves one's knowledge of what the academic community thinks of e‐books.
Article
This article uncovers the reading trends of Millennials living in Pakistan by investigating their reading behavior within the digital paradigm. A cross-sectional survey-based quantitative research design was adopted. Masters students (16 years education) from the Higher Education Commission (HEC) recognized universities of Lahore, Pakistan was the study population. A total of 515 masters' level students from 7 universities participated in the survey. The participants were recruited by employing a two-stage stratified purposive total population sampling technique. The study findings confirmed that despite their preferences for print material, Millennials were using electronic material for reading more frequently. However, the study showed that the reading purpose influences the choice of the reading format. Furthermore, the availability of electronic reading content in the public domain and open access contents may be a reason for increased use of e-content, as free web-sites were the preferred method of millennials for obtaining reading material. Social networking websites and intelligent search engines like "Google" were also in use and play a role in finding the relevant information and reading e-content. The study shows that the digital environment has a significant impact on the reading behavior of individuals, a fact which needs to be considered by academics, practitioners, and the individuals themselves. It is considered a baseline study that opens various potential directions and avenues for future research.
Article
This study was carried out to investigate the current and prospective challenges faced by academic libraries in Pakistan and to present possible solutions addressing these challenges. The research design was qualitative, adopting the phenomenology approach. In-depth interviews of 14 senior academic library leaders from public and private sector universities of Pakistan were conducted. Leadership crisis was identified as the top challenge followed by those related to changing user behavior, human resources, financial, technological issues, and changes in higher education. Prospective challenges encompassed issues related to technological modalities, human resources, research data management and library space. While the study participants indicated their readiness to cope with these challenges, they agreed that there was a need of collective effort for human capacity building, initiation of compatible smart services, effective policy making and creation of societal awareness. The support from key players such as the library professionals, library associations, top management, LIS schools, HEC and other funding agencies was deemed to be vital for this purpose.
Article
This paper focuses on students’ reading habits — whether traditional reading habits (print books) or modern reading habits (using a computer screen). We review the changes in students’ reading habits over time, as part of other global changes, and explore whether corresponding digital pedagogies have evolved to address these changes. We examine generation Y students’ motivations and study habits, a generation that shows indications of changes in its academic values and priorities, and cracks in its research skills for a global world. We focus on a case study of the reading habits of students in one academic institution and discuss the implications of the findings for academic teaching and the academia’s traditional role of training researchers.
Article
The present study is aimed at determining the future role of libraries in Pakistan as perceived by the Millennials (people born during the 1980's and late 1990's) considering the current ongoing digital development. The quantitative research design, based on survey has been used for the study. The population consisted of students from large and medium sized general universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Stratified purposive sampling technique was carried out to select the pool of the subjects e. A self-constructed and validated instrument was used to collect data. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS (16.0). The results revealed that Millennials want future libraries to allow easy access to a wide range of reading material in both print and digital form. They want to be able to round the clock access to electronic and print resources.
Book
While industries such as music, newspapers, film and publishing have seen radical changes in their business models and practices as a direct result of new technologies, higher education has so far resisted the wholesale changes we have seen elsewhere. However, a gradual and fundamental shift in the practice of academics is taking place. Every aspect of scholarly practice is seeing changes effected by the adoption and possibilities of new technologies. This book will explore these changes, their implications for higher education, the possibilities for new forms of scholarly practice and what lessons can be drawn from other sectors.
Article
Purpose This study aims to investigate the use of a popular portable e‐reader device, the Kindle 2, among library and information science (LIS) students and its effects on individual reading practices and the potential applications for library services. Design/methodology/approach Using journal logs and diary‐interviews as methods of data collection, the study analyzes the use of the Kindle over a one‐week period by a pool of 20 LIS students at Pratt Institute's School of Information and Library Science. Findings The findings reveal four key areas that provide a framework for data interpretation: usage patterns, user interaction, effect on reading habits, and future applications. One major finding is that the portability of the device and its convenience of use anywhere and any time is pivotal for enhancing the students' reading experience and outweighs the limitations of the device's usability. Research limitations/implications Results may not be generalizable due to the small size and homogeneity of the sample. Originality/value The social and cultural impacts of e‐book readers in everyday life have received little attention so far. In particular, questions about the effects of e‐readers on individual reading practices and the potential applications for library delivery systems have yet to be examined. This study is one of the first to investigate the use of portable e‐book readers.
Article
Purpose This study attempts to investigate reading behavior in the digital environment by analyzing how people's reading behavior has changed over the past ten years. Design/methodology/approach Survey and analysis methods are employed. Findings With an increasing amount of time spent reading electronic documents, a screen‐based reading behavior is emerging. The screen‐based reading behavior is characterized by more time spent on browsing and scanning, keyword spotting, one‐time reading, non‐linear reading, and reading more selectively, while less time is spent on in‐depth reading, and concentrated reading. Decreasing sustained attention is also noted. Annotating and highlighting while reading is a common activity in the printed environment. However, this “traditional” pattern has not yet migrated to the digital environment when people read electronic documents. Originality/value Implications for the changes in reading behavior are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe an experiment in introducing fiction e‐books in two reading groups run by a public library. Design/methodology/approach A user study involving two reading groups run over a period of three months. Electronic versions of titles of interest to each group were given out to each participant on Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Readers were then asked to fill in a satisfaction questionnaire and discuss their experience with the rest of their group. Findings Readers were not too negative about using a new tool/gadget like the PDA but they did not see any advantage in reading an electronic version of the selected book. Research limitations/implications It was realised quite earlier on that the target readers were emotionally so attached to physical books to feel as if they were betraying them when reading them electronically. A different sample of users more inclined to use technology and more open to different publishing models would have possibly provided a better insight. Originality/value The group reading approach introduced a social side to the adoption of e‐books and it was hoped that that would have made a difference. It was also one of the first attempts to look into the use of fiction e‐books in public libraries as opposed to an already existing number of studies looking into e‐books and their use in education and academic libraries. As such it can benefit both publishers and librarians.
The role and impact of private schools in developing countries-bibliography and literature reviews
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Ashley L. D., Mcloughlin C., Aslam M., Engel J., Wales J., Rawal S.,... Rose P. (2014). The role and impact of private schools in developing countries-bibliography and literature reviews. Available at: http://cme-espana. org/media/publicaciones/3/role%20of%20private% 20shools%20DFID014.pdf
Role of school teacher in promoting reading habit among school children: A study of private school systems of Lahore
  • A J Awan
Awan A. J. (2015). Role of school teacher in promoting reading habit among school children: A study of private school systems of Lahore. (Unpublished M.Phil. Dissertation). Department of Information Management University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
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