Современ начин на мониторинг на геолокалитети по примерот на Куклица (Advanced Methods of Monitoring of Geo-Sites by the Example of Kuklica)

Abstract

The Natural monument "Kukica" is located in the northeastern part of Macedonia, 8 km northwest of the town of Kratovo. It is characterized by the unique appearance of prominent earth pyramids. These interesting relief forms (earth pyramids) are created by the long process of erosion of the volcanic rocks that build this area.
The basic value of this site is that it is a rare natural complex of striking earth pyramids with exceptional scientific, educational, tourist, and cultural significance. In this area, they can be studied the processes, ie the manner of occurrence and morphological evolution of this type of denudation form. As a result of the established significant value and uniqueness, in 2008 the locality "Kuklica" was declared a Natural monument.
Due to the uniqueness of the phenomenon, in the last two decades, Kuklica has attracted everything more visitors, eager to enjoy the remarkable natural phenomenon. However, the increased visit causes more and more side effects in the form of degradation, so and the destruction of certain forms and parts of the site. Therefore, it is imposed on the need for functional and real protection and monitoring of any destructive changes (monitoring) of this geolocation, to preserve it for the future generations. For these reasons, the significance of Kuklica is obvious if we take into account that such well-expressed occurrences of earth pyramids, especially in volcanic rocks, are a real rarity even in the world.
In that sense, if we want to present and use it as a tourist Puppet, and there are many acceptable ways to do that, we must adhere to all regulations, which require the protection of a protected area, such as Kuklica. Otherwise, s. Kuklica, Kratovo, and Macedonia will quickly be left without this unique space.
Exactly for that purpose, in this paper are presented some methods and techniques for monitoring of geosites, within the Natural monument "Kuklica". Among them, special importance is given to the so-called UAV (drone) monitoring, wherewith the help of digital model and ortho-photo taken from aero photos allow detailed analysis, inventory, and time monitoring of existing forms, as well as the scope, the size, the presence of anthropogenic interventions in space. A similar approach for monitoring, inventory, and presentation of geo-values was used in the period 2018-2019 for the area of Markovi Kuli (Milevski, Talevski, 2019). So far this is it the only two areas in Macedonia for which such a modern methodological method has been used access.
The significance of this paper is that such an approach is considered relatively new and still globally booming, along with the drone technology that is present not more than ten years. In addition to protecting and preserving this important geolocation, the goal is to make it a bigger promotion, a virtual presentation (with the help of aero-videos), 3D models, and other methods. With that, Kuklica will get the place it deserves, and more will be taken into account for the representation of the so-called sustainable tourism, which will have minimal impact (negative effect) on its geo-values. It will also contribute to sizing anthropogenic activities and all types of interventions in a sustainable measure, ie without causing irreversible damage to the site.