Rouffignac, une grotte-sanctuaire du IIe Âge du Fer

Abstract

La grotte de Rouffignac est une grotte ornée préhistorique située au coeur du Périgord, sur la commune de Rouffignac-Saint-Cernin-de-Reilhac. La caverne est l'une des plus développées du Périgord avec environ 8 km de galeries réparties sur trois niveaux. Une seule entrée donne accès à ce labyrinthe, aujourd'hui totalement asséché, hormis certains secteurs du niveau le plus profond. Les recherches menées dans la grotte depuis les années 1950 documentent de nombreuses fréquentations, d'abord animales, puis humaines de la cavité. Elle fut successivement fréquentée par les ours des cavernes, les artistes préhistoriques et durant la Protohistoire. Célèbre pour son art paléolithique qui compte environ 230 figurations animales gravées ou dessinées en noir et dispersées dans 3 km de galeries, elle a été utilisée comme nécropole au cours de l'Âge du Bronze, puis par les Gaulois Pétrocores au I er siècle av. J.-C. comme habitat (?), nécropole et grotte-sanctuaire avec offrande de monnaies et de simulacres monétaires.

Summary: The Rouffignac cave is a prehistoric ornate cave located in the heart of Périgord, in the town of Rouffignac-Saint-Cernin-de-Reilhac. The cave is one of the most developed in Périgord with around 8 km of galleries spread over three levels. A single entrance gives access to this labyrinth, which is now completely dry, except for certain sectors of the deepest level. Research carried out in the cave since the 1950 s documents numerous visits, first animal, then human, to the cavity. It was successively frequented by cave bears, prehistoric artists and during Protohistory. Famous for its Paleolithic art which has about 230 animal figurations engraved or drawn in black and dispersed in 3 km of galleries, it was used as a necropolis during the Bronze Age, then by the Gallic Petrocores in the 1 st century BC. As a habitat (?), Necropolis and cave-sanctuary with an offering of coins and monetary simulacra.

Resumen: La cueva Rouffignac es una cueva prehistórica adornada ubicada en el corazón del Périgord, en la ciudad de Rouffignac-Saint-Cernin-de-Reilhac. La cueva es una de las más importantes del Périgord, que cuenta con alrededor de 8 km de galerías repartidas en tres niveles. Una sola entrada da acceso a este laberinto, que ahora está completamente seco, a excepción de ciertos sectores del nivel más profundo. La investigación realizada en la cueva desde la los años 1950 documenta numerosas fases de ocupación, primero animales, luego humanas. El yacimiento fue frecuentado sucesivamente por osos de las cavernas, por artistas prehistóricos y durante la Protohistoria. La cueva es conocida por su arte paleolítico. Cuenta alrededor de 230 figuras de animales grabadas o dibujadas en negro y dispersas en 3 km de galerías. También fue utilizada como necrópolis durante la Edad del Bronce y, después, por el pueblo galo de los Petrocores en el siglo I a.C. como hábitat (?), Necrópolis y cueva-santuario con una ofrenda de monedas y simulacros monetarios.

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Rouffignac, une
grotte-sanctuaire
du IIeÂge du Fer

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1.2 Historique des recherches :
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II. L’OCCUPATION DE LA TÈNE D :
LA DISPERSION DES VESTIGES
ET LES DIFFÉRENTES ZONES DE LA
GROTTE FRÉQUENTÉES PAR LES
GAULOIS PÉTROCORES
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2.1. Le porche d’entrée :
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Pétrocores :
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D3D7?7@F 675RD3?;CG7E7@F;SD7E AG 6kAEE7?7@FE
3@;?3GJ
$7E 6RB[FE 3FFD;4G34>7E 3GDA@L7;@3>EA@F
B>GE @A?4D7GJCG757GJ 6kRBACG7 >3FR@;7@@7@
AGFD7>7EBD7?;7DE 8AD?7@F 67E7@E7?4>7E3EE7L
67@E7EFABA9D3B:;CG7?7@F 4;7@ 6R>;?;FREe  >3
3>7D;7>393>7D;76;F7 6G b+3>A@ *AG97c >7
D3@64AG>;Ed
G5A@FD3;D7>7E6RB[FE3K3@F>;HDR6G?A4;>;7D
>3FR@;7@EA@FB>GED3D7E 7F 3EE7L BA@5FG7>E&AGE
D7F;7@6DA@EB>GE;7GDEBA;@FE67>3 93>7D;7 67BG;E
>7 53DD78AGD 6G D355AGD5;<GECGk3G67>O 6G D3@6
(>38A@6 3;@E; CG7 >7E 3>7D;7E  7F 7@D;
D7G;>
III. LE MOBILIER DE LA TÈNE D

:
&AGE BDRE7@FA@E ;5; G@53F3>A9G76G ?A4;>;7D
?RF3>>;CG77F5RD3?;CG76GE;F7&AGE3HA@ERFG6;R
OB3DF>7B7F;F6RB[F?A@RF3;D7 67 >3 3>7D;7
3EEA5;RO6k3GFD7EA4<7FEFDAGHROB7G676;EF3@57
67 >k7@FDR7 67DD;SD7b>7 %GD67E D7 >;9;A@Ec
3DD;SD7B
3.1. Le mobilier métallique :
GD;7GE7?7@F B7G 6kA4<7FE?RF3>>;CG7E 7F 7@
B3DF;5G>;7D 7@ 87D6kRBACG7>3FR@;7@@7 8;9GD7@F
63@E>7EA4<7FEDR5A>FRE EAGE >7BAD5:7AG63@E>7E
93>7D;7E +7G> G@ 9D3@6 5AGF73G 7@ 87D 7@ FDSE
?3GH3;E RF3F67 5A@E7DH3F;A@ B7GFTFD7 3FFD;4GRO
$3,S@7?3;E 3H75G@6AGF753DFDAGHR63@E>3
3>7D;7E3@EB>GE67BDR5;E;A@EEGDEA@5A@F7JF7
3@E 57FF7LA@7 ;> 3 3GEE; RFRFDAGHR 6G?A4;>;7D
93>>ADA?3;@3DD;SD7B8;9
k7EFG@ 9D3@6 5AGF73G 6A@F >3 BA;@F7 7EF
4D;ER7$k7@E7?4>7 6G 5AGF73G 3RFRA4F7@GB3D
?3DF7>397$k7??3@5:7?7@FO EA;7 7EF 63@E >7
BDA>A@97?7@F 6G6AE D75F;>;9@7$3 EA;77EF B>3F7
67 E75F;A@D75F3@9G>3;D7 7F E7F7D?;@7 O EA@
7JFDR?; FR B3 D G@ 3 @@73G AGH7DF A4 F7@G  B3D
RF;D7?7@F6G ?RF3>O 5:3G6 G;>>3G?7F  
7?;7DD7B
!>Ek39;F6kG@7J7?B>3;D73H75G@?3@5:7B>7;@
CG;@k7EFB3E6AFR67D;H7FE7FKB7675AGF73GE7
D3@97 63@E>7 FKB7 67>3@7r5DABA>7 67 ,:G9@K
,DG9@K $3?4AF 7F *5  B 
$A@9G7GD FAF3>7   ?? >3D97GD ?3J; 67 >3
>3?7??7rB6G6AE7J8A>;R7rB67>3EA;7
7J8A>;R7>A@9G7GD67>3EA;7??>3D97GD
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Documents d’Archéologie et d’Histoire Périgourdines
20>;.8>=.*>.7/.;E<82.=.;627H.9*;>7*77.*>8>?.;=*5.;2.M52,1H;H-H;2,$5*<<*;-

67>3 EA;7??  6;3?7qFD767 >k3@@73G
??
7FKB7675AGF73G7EF5A??G@3GJE;F7E67$3
,7q@78;@3>7-@7J7?B>3;D73EE7LBDA5:7H;7@F67E
8AG;>>7EDR3>;ER7E DR57??7@F B3D >kG@ 67 @AGE O
5AD@74gG87@ 7@ 5A@F7JF767 $3,S@7 
:7H;>>AFB8;9!>7EF7r93>7?7@F
BDRE7@FEGD>k399>A?RD3F;A@AGH7DF793G>A;E767$3
(7KDAGE7 O+3;@FR>;J67.;>>367;J:7H;>>AF
B8;9@_EGD>7E;F767$35AEF73q
%AG>;7FE7F.;>>7?3DF;@ 7D;A@B 
B>    7F    7 F E GD  >7  E3 @5 FG3; D7  67  A D7 @F
7?;7DD7BB>@_3q!>7EF
3GEE;E;9@3>R7J7?B>3;D7E63@E>76RB[F67$3D;@3
63@E>k!ESD7 FAG<AGDE 7@5A@F7JF7 67 $3,S@7
(7DD;@B8;9@_8;9
@_7FB
7FAGF;>7EF9R@RD3>7?7@F;@F7DBD7rF7r5A??7G@
GEF7@E;>7 67 5G;E;@7?G>F;8A@5F;A@@7> CG; B7GF
E7DH;D 3q>367r5AGB7 O>35A@EA??3F;A@ 7F 3q>3
BD7rB3D3F;A@ 67FAGE >7E 3>;?7@FE #3GD;@
8;9FKB74%3;EA@E3;FCG7FAGE57E5AGF73GJ
7@ 87D@7 E7D3BBADF7@F B3E @R57EE3;D7?7@F O 67E
35F;H;FRE5G>;@3;D7E7F>7GD8A@5F;A@h5AGB7DhB7GF
>7E67EF;@7DO67EGE397EH3D;RE5A??7>35:3EE7>3
9G7DD7AG>k3DF;E3@3F(7DD;@  B  
7?;7DD7B
3.2. Le mobilier céramique :
$3 5RD3?;CG7 5A??G@77EF 4;7@D7BDRE7@FR7
B3D8A;E EAGE 8AD?7 67 9DAE F7EEA@E3GJ53EEGD7E
8D3W5:7E&AGE D7?3DCGA@E5A??7 5k7EF >3 DS9>7
7@F7DD;FA;D7(RFDA5AD7>7B3DF3977@67GJ9DAGB7E
BD;@5;B3GJ >7E BDA6G5F;A@E FAGD@R7EO BPF7 8;@7
6kG@7B3DF7F>7EBDA6G5F;A@E B>GE 9DAEE;SD7E
?A67>R7E6k3GFD7B3DF,AGF757FF7H3;EE7>>7CGk7>>7
EA;F ?A67>R7 AGFAGD@R7 E75A?BAE7 67 H3E7E O
BPF7EA?4D77@8G?R7
7EA@F>7EBAFEAHAX67E5G>;@3;D7E>7E<3DD7E7F
9D3@6EBAFE67EFA5=397CG;EA@F?3<AD;F3;D7E$7E
R5G7>>7E FDA@5A@;CG7E AG5AGB7E O 4AGDD7>7F
D7@FD3@F7F>7E9A47>7FEFDA@5A@;CG7EEA@F@7FF7?7@F
?A;@EBDRE7@FE 57 CG;@k7EF B3E>7 53E :34;FG7>
>7?7@F EGD>7EE;F7E6k:34;F3F !>83GF @AF7D >3
BDRE7@57 67D3D7E-852* FDSE8D39?7@FR7E$3
5RD3?;CG76k;?BADF3F;A@7EF G@;CG7?7@F BDRE7@F7
EAGE>3 8AD?767 F7EEA@E6k3?B:AD7EH;@3;D7E
;F3>;CG7ED47F7@83;4>7CG3@F;FR7@H;DA@G@7
6;L3;@76k;@6;H;6GE
3.2.1. La céramique commune locale :

.<H,>.55.< =;87,872:>.<E +8>;;.5.=
;.7=;*7=
R@RD3>7?7@F34A@63@F7EEGD>7EE;F7E6k:34;F3F
BRFDA5AD7E 57E 8AD?7E 43EE7E E A@F ;5; B7G
D7BDRE7@FR7E  7J7?B>3;D7E7F G@;CG7?7@FEGD>7
>A5GE6;F67>3b&R5DABA>76GBG;FEc8;9H75
Association pour le Développement de la Recherche Archéologique et Historique en Périgord
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>7E BAFEAHAX67E57FF78AD?7 7EF9R@RD3>7?7@F >3
B>GE 34A@63@F7 EGD >7E3GFD7E E;F7EBRFDA5AD7E
:7H;>>AFB7 EA@F 67E H3E7E
AGH7DFE CG; D79DAGB7@FG@79D3@67 H3D;RFR 67
8AD?7E7F 67 F3;>>77FCG; EA@F FAGD@RE 8;9-@
E7G> 7J7?B>3;D7 B>GE9DAEE;7D 7EF?A67>R3H75>7
5A>7F >3 >SHD7CG;A@FRFRR93>;EREB3DFAGD@397
8;9@_
k7EF G@7H3;EE7>>7 CG;E7 53D35FRD;E7 B3D G@7
>SHD7RB3;EE;73DDA@6;7AG3@9G>7GE77FD7@FD3@F77F
G@8A@6B>3F$38AD?79R@RD3>77EFFDA@5A@;CG77F
>3 H3ECG7 7EF B>GE AG ?A;@EBDA8A@67 3H75 67E
6;3?SFD7E6kAGH7DFGD7CG;EA@F5A?BD;E7@FD77F
5?8;957CG;5ADD7EBA@63GJ3GFD7E
?A6S>7E >3D97?7@FDRB3@6GE EGD67E E;F7E5A??7
$3 GD367 5AD@74gG8AG $3 (7KDAGE7$7
6R9D3;EE3@F34A@63@F7EF67F3;>>7?AK7@@7O8;@7
?;53EGDFAGF
'@6;EF;@9G767GJFKB7EBD;@5;B3GJ$7BD7?;7D
3G@ H3;EE73G >3D977FB7G BDA8A@6 CG;D7BAE7 EGD
G@8A@6B>3F RFDA;F 7F E7 F7D?;@7B3D G@7>SHD7
D7@FD3@F7 O 4AGDD7>7F ;@F7D@7 3DDA@6; B3D8A;E
4;E73GFR7 8;9 @_7F  $767GJ;S?77EF
?ADB:A>A9;CG7?7@F BDA5:7 ?3;E >3>SHD7;@F7D@7
7EFRCG3DD;73G>;7G6kTFD73DDA@6;78;9@_7F
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Documents d’Archéologie et d’Histoire Périgourdines

Association pour le Développement de la Recherche Archéologique et Historique en Périgord
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` Galerie Henri-Breuil : -@>3D97 F7EEA@67
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Documents d’Archéologie et d’Histoire Périgourdines
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4. Le dépôt du «Mur des Religions» :
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3.3.1. Les deux anneaux en base cuivre -
Suspension et liaison :
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5DA5:7FEB7D>7E7F5
`Anneau n° 1 :
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?AK7@3H75 G@<A@5 67 E75F;A@DA@67RB3;E 67
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@_
`Anneau n° 2 :
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3H75G@ <A@5DA@6RB3;E67 ??BAG D G@
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$7E 3@@73GJ6757 FKB7 6;88;5;>7E:34;FG7>>7
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3.3.2. La perle en stéatite :
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E7;@ 6G ?A@@3K397 3G i?A@EFD7 :K 4D;67j
:7H;>>AF ;D;3DF4>>7ABBAE7>7E
7J7?B>3;D7E 6A@F >3FTF77EF AD;7@FR7O 93G5:7 7F
57GJO >3FTF7 O6DA;F7 ;@E; BDSE 67 e 67E
7J7?B>3;D7E 6R5AGH7DFE O 5AD@74gG8 AGO >3
GD367AG>AG@;7;J:3?;7DE BDRE7@F7@FG@7
FTF7 O 93G5:7e f>k;@H7DE7>7EE;F7E6kK?7F 67
$35AEF7 7F 67 $3(7KDAGE7 >;HD7@F hBD7ECG7h
7J5>GE;H7?7@F 67EB;S57E O >3FTF7O 6DA;F7 $7
FDREAD 67 %;D3?A@F67GK7@@7$AF7F3DA@@7
Ek;@E5D;FR93>7?7@F63@E57FF7F7@63@57A>47DF67
73G>;7G7F*5$35;D5G>3F;A@67E5>3EE7EO
>3FTF7O6DA;F73GJCG7>>7E3BB3DF;7@F>k7J7?B>3;D7
67*AG88;9@353BB3DF;7@F67 83QA@BD;H;>R9;R7O>3
?A;F;R?RD;6;A@3>76G(RD;9AD68;9e
Inv. 2 :
 ,TF7 O93G5:7 @7L>SHD7E 7F ?7@FA@E
4AG>7FREE7G>>7H;E3977EFH;E;4>7>35:7H7>GD77EF
:ADE5:3?BE
*7H7DEDA;J3GBD7?;7D53@FA@G@FADCG7
3G 67GJ;S ?7G@7 DAG7 OCG3FD7 D3KA@E  3G
FDA;E;S?7 G@7 :35:7 3G CG3FD;S?7 G@7 8>7GDAG
G@7A>;H77@B3DF;7:ADE8>3@
*R8RD7@57E%AGe*
AGe+3HSEAG
%RF3>e 3D97@Fe ?3EE7e 9e 6;3?SFD7e e
??3J7e:
A??7@F3;D7e $7 ?AF;8 6G CG3FD;S?753@FA@
RF3@F ;@6;EF;@5F A>;H7AG 8>7GD 53D:ADE 8>3@ ;>
@k7EFB3EBAEE;4>767 6RF7D?;@7DE; >k7J7?B>3;D7
3BB3DF;7@F O >35>3EE7% A>;H7 3G
CG3FD;S?7 53@FA@ AG8>7GD 3G CG3FD;S?7
53@FA@
Inv. 3 :
>3EE7O>3DAG73G7D+3G757D5>7BA;@FR3G
73D5EB7D>RE
 ,TF77EFA?BR7 O93G5:7 AD7;>>7 g;> 67
83575:7H7>GD78;9GDR7B3DG@7 D3@9R7 6kRB3;EE7E
H;D9G>7E4AG>7FR7EO>k7JFDR?;FR5A>>;7DB7D>R
Association pour le Développement de la Recherche Archéologique et Historique en Périgord
144
144
20>;.869*;*2<87<-.6877*2.<->N=B9.-..5?I<O-.%8>//207*,.=-T*>=;.<-H9K=<;H0287*>A
52,1H<2;2*;=

145
145
Documents d’Archéologie et d’Histoire Périgourdines
20>;. .<87C.6877*2.<->-H9K=687H=*2;.0*>582<->N6>;-.<%.520287<O
52,1H<.=687=*0.2;2*;=

*DA;J4AG>7FR7 3G57@FD7 3G BD7?;7D
53@FA@G@7DAG7OCG3FD7D3KA@E4AG>7FR73G57@FD7
3G67GJ;S?7G@+O93G5:73GFDA;E;S?7:35:7
RH;6R73GCG3FD;S?7G@57D5>7BA;@FR9DS@7F;E3G
BAGDFAGD
*R8RD7@57E  %   *  
7B7KDAF +3HSE@ 

%RF3>e3D97@Fe?3EE7e   9e6;3?SFD7ee
??3J7e:
A??7@F3;D7e$k7J7?B>3;D77EF67 ?T?75A;@
67D7H7DECG7 67GJB;S57E6GFDREAD67%A@F3GD;A>
!@H 7F !@H  3;@E; CG7 6kG@7 B;S57 6G
FDREAD677>HSE7@AD6A9@75A@E7DHR7 3G %&
%&@58 ;D;3DF@_
Inv. 4 :
,TF77EFA?BR7O93G5:7BD7ECG7;>>;E;4>7
*DA;J4AG>7FR7 3G57@FD7 3G BD7?;7D
53@FA@G@7DAG7OCG3FD7D3KA@E4AG>7FR73G57@FD7
3G67GJ;S?7G@+O93G5:73GFDA;E;S?7:35:7
RH;6R73GCG3FD;S?7G@57D5>7BA;@FR9DS@7F;E3G
BAGDFAGD
*R8RD7@57E  %   *  
7B7KDAF +3HSE@ 

%RF3>e 3D97@Fe ?3EE7e 9e 6;3?SFD7e e
??3J7e:
,DA;EB;S57E67>3ERD;77>HSEEA@F3FF7EFR7E3G
E7;@6G6RB[F7E?A@@3K397EB7G6A5G?7@FREO
>kRF3F 676R5AGH7DF7E;EA>R7EG@7CG;@L3;@7
E7G>7?7@FEA@F7EE7@F;7>>7?7@F5A@@GE 3GFD3H7DE
67 FDREADE$7B>GE ;?BADF3@F6k7@FD7 7GJ 7EF >7
FDREADRBA@K?7677>HSEAD6A9@7?;E3G<AGD
7@ 6A@F >k7EE7@F;7>67E 7J7?B>3;D7EE7
D3FF35:3;F ?3@;87EF7?7@F O >3 E RD;7  7>HSE
,3;>>787De  >3@5:7F B 
R5AGH7DFB>GEDR57??7@F>7FDREAD67%A@F3GD;A>
$AF7F3DA@@77EF ?3<AD;F3;D7?7@F5A?BAER 67
B;S57E 67 >3 ERD;7 7>HSE  7F 67 >3ERD;7
3GER ;D;3DF!>Ek3HSD7;@FRD7EE3@F
67@AF7D CG767E >;3;EA@E675A;@E A@FRFR D7>7HRE
7@FD7 67E 7J7?B>3;D7E67 *AG88;9@357F 57GJ 67E
FDREADECG;H;7@@7@F6kTFD7RHACGRE
7FF7ERD;77EF3FFD;4G34>7 O G@7 LA@75A?BD;E7
7@FD7>3?A;F;R?RD;6;A@3>76G(RD;9AD67F>7@AD6
6G$AF7F3DA@@7 ;D;3DF3
4.2 Fractions au cheval du Quercy :
,TF753ECGR7O6DA;F7
* :7H3> ?3D5:3@F3G B3EO 6DA;F7>3 B3FF7
3@FRD;7GD7 93G5:7O 67?;D7B>;R7e 3G67EEGEG@
3@@7>7FBA;@FRe3G67EEAGEG@7>KD7674AGF
*R8RD7@57E&  *
%&    +3HSE  &3E:
&!!! ;5A?A@ 
*;5:3D6e(3DH7D;7767>3
In v. 5%RF3>e  3D97@Fe  ?3EE7e9
6;3?SFD7ee??3J7:
In v. 6. %RF3>e  3D97@Fe?3EE7e   9 
6;3?SFD7ee??3J7:
In v. 7. %RF3>e  3D97@Fe?3EE7e   9 
6;3?SFD7ee??3J7:
In v. 8. %RF3>e  3D97@Fe?3EE7e   9 
6;3?SFD7ee??3J7:
Inv . 9. % RF3> e  3D97@Fe ?3EE7e 9
6;3?SFD7ee??3J7:
Inv. 10 . %RF3>e 3D97@Fe  ?3EE7e  9
6;3?SFD7ee??3J7:
,TF753ECGR7O6DA;F7
*:7H3>?3D5:3@F3GB3EO93G5:7>3B3FF7
3@FRD;7GD7 93G5:7O67?; D7B>;R7e3G67EEAGEG@
6;88RD7@F;@6RF7D?;@R
*R8RD7@57E&+3HSE&3E:&!!!
 ;5A?A@  *;5:3D6 e (3DH7D;7767>

Inv. 11 . %RF3>e 3D97@Fe  ?3EE7e  9
6;3?SFD7ee??3J7:
7EE7BF8D35F;A@E6k3D97@F3BB3DF;7@@7@FFAGF7E
3G?T?7 9DAGB767?A@@3;7E 6;F7E iO>3 FTF7
536GDCG7jAG6G)G7D5K7E7J7?B>3;D7EEA@F>7E
E7G>E 5A@@GE 3G E7;@ 6kG@6RB[F >k7EE7@F;7>RF3@F
5A@EF;FGR 676R5AGH7DF7E;EA>R7E D7FDAGHR7E BAGD
57DF3;@7E4;7@3G67>O67E>;?;F7E67 57FF7 DR9;A@
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8;9GD7@F67EBAFE5G>;@3;D7E7F6k3GFD7EH3E7E67$3
,S@73;@E;CG767EF7EEA@E67B3@E7E7FG@7>SHD7
6k3?B:AD7 H;@3;D7 ;F3>;CG7 D!4 3DD;SD7
8;9
7FF7 A55GB3F;A@ 7EF 6;88;5;>7O 57D@7D ?3;E
BAG DD3;F  TFD7  >;R7 O  67E 35 F;H;F RE 8G @RD3; D7E
;@5;@RD3F;A@E
4.2 Le porche d’entrée - Le Sondage 1 :
7EA@63973RFRDR3>;EROG@75;@CG3@F3;@767
?SFD7E67 >k7@FDR7 67>3 9DAFF7?3;Ee 3DD;SD7
@k7@ 3 8AGD@;3G5G@767E5D;BF;A@AG B>3@$7
?A4;>;7D 5RD3?;CG7 >3FR@;7@ 7E F 34A @63@F
D7BDRE7@FR7EE7@F;7>>7?7@F B3D67E BAFE5G>;@3;D7E
8;97FG@B;766k3?B:AD7H;@3;D7D!4
DRGF;>;ER 5A??74DAKA@ 8;9@_7B7@63@F
57?3FRD;7>7EF3EEA5;R3H7567>35RD3?;CG76G
!!!3$7?A4;>;7D6R5AGH7DFO57F7@6DA;F;@6;CG7D3;F
B>GEBDR5;ER?7@F G@7LA@7 6k:34;F3F F7?BAD3;D7
BDA434>7?7@F >;R7 3GJ6;H7DE7E 8DRCG7@F3F;A@E 67E
(RFDA5AD7E67 >353H;FR 3@E 57 5A@F7JF7 >3
BDRE7@5767D7EF7:G?3;@E3BB3DF7@3@FO3G?A;@E
;@6;H;6GEBAE7 CG7EF;A@ 7FD3BB7>>7>7EDREG>F3FE
A4F7@GEEGD>7 >A5GEEG;H3@Fe >3 b&R5DABA>76G
(G;FEc
4.3 La «Nécropole du Puits» :
7FF7 83?7GE7b@R5DABA>7cBAE7 G@BDA4>S?7
6k;@F7DBDRF3F;A@8;9-@34A@63@F?A4;>;7D
5RD3?;CG7 >3FR@;7@ B>GE67  F7EEA@E H;7@F 67
57FF7LA@7EA@6R7EGDG@7EGD835767?8;9
3EEA5;RO 67 >3 83G@734A@63@F7 5:7H3>BAD5
AH;53BD;6RE 7F57F67EAEE7?7@FE :G?3;@E
3DD;SD7  BA??7 E;9@3>RB>GE
:3GF >7EH7EF;97E3@F:DABA>A9;CG7E @kA@F B3E83;F
>kA4<7F6763F3F;A@D36;A53D4A@7$7GD3FFD;4GF;A@O
>3 BRD;A67 93G>A;E7 D7BAE76A@5G@;CG7?7@F EGD
>7GD 3EEA5;3F;A@ 3D5:RA>A9;CG7 3H75>7?A4;>;7D
5RD3?;CG7 >3FR@;7@'D57>G;5;7EF34A@63@F 7F
5A@EF;FGR?3<AD;F3;D7?7@F67H3;EE7>>767F34>7
EEA5;R 3GJH7EF;97E 83G@;CG7E >k7@E7?4>7
6A5G?7@F7 B>GF[F G@ :34;F3FBA@5FG7> 6A@F>3
5A@F7?BAD3@R;FR 3H75>7E ;@:G?3F;A@E D7EF7 O
6R?A@FD7D$3DR3>;FR6kG@7@R5DABA>793G>A;E7EGD
57>A5GE@k7EF6A@5B3E8AD?7>>7?7@FRF34>;7
4.4 Le dépôt trouvé au niveau du «Mur des
Religions» :
7 6RB[FCG7 @AGEH7@A@E67 6R5D;D7 E7
FDAGH3;F67DD;SD7>7 b%GD67E*7>;9;A@Ec4PF;