During the Integrated Product Development – IPD, the process considers every stage
as life cycles. Of these, an important cycle is the logistics and other assembly. In this
context, this work established guidelines for the logistics and assembly of industrialized
modular buildings. It sought to establish the most suitable methods and processes, as
well as the tools that best adapt to the processes of design, creation and production of
a system focused on quality and sustainability, but that provides maximum flexibility to
your end users. So, it was decided to use the IPD-based processes, as well as
methods of analysis and creation which complied with the requirements of the initial
project. Among these include the Concurrent Engineering – EC process, the Design
for eXcellence – DfX and Product Life-Cycle – PLC. The reason for the choice of these
methods and processes was in the fact that through the tools described, it is possible
to develop continues iteratively and all subsystems simultaneously, allowing for
changes and new evaluations in real time with feedback from the entire process and
all the members of the development team. This reduces the loss of information and
makes it possible to achieve product quality levels that other processes do not allow.
The research was carried out in an interactive way with the global project of the group
GETin – UEL denominated FlexHouse, and based on the input data provided by the
group, data collection, reference bibliographies and consultations to norms and
legislation. Then, it was carried out the iterative studies of possible scenarios of
logistics and assembly - LoA, taking into account the guidelines of development,
product life cycle, normative and legal. The definition of the LoA scenario resulted in
the elaboration of the LoA Plan, or LoAP, which includes the detailed activities and
tasks of LoA and together with the Dynamic Model of Unloading and Assembly –
DMUA generated the Specific Work Instructions – SWI´s. These discretized
procedures necessary for the execution of activities and tasks, considered the tools
and equipment required, labor and assembling sequence. From FlexHouse's LoAP, it
was possible to extract the guidelines that make up the load planning protocol for
modular industrial buildings, the objective of the present research.
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... Concomitantly, the product design phase gained more recognition, and greater attention was devoted to project planning and management [15,16]. Such changes motivated the development of tools to integrate, accelerate and reduce the product development under target principles, as exemplified by PLM [15,17,18]. ...
... In PLM, management spans the entire lifecycle of a product, encompassing ideation, development, manufacturing, architectural solutions, feasibility analysis, market entry, maintenance, and eventual disposal. It should be noted, however, that PLM is not a tool [15,17]. Therefore, if it is not connected to existing knowledge within a company, it will not achieve its full potential. ...
... When used correctly, PML will ensure the generation of relevant information in a timely manner during product development. PLM can be defined as an approach that brings together products, services, activities, processes, people, skills, information system and communication technologies, data, knowledge, techniques, practices, procedures to reach the variety of objectives desired during the development of any product [16,17]. ...
The production management models currently adopted in the construction industry do not adequately describe the relationships between activities and processes. Such models place emphasis on conversions to the detriment of internal logistics of input distribution for various work fronts. In the planning phase, tasks are commonly estimated using the critical path method, program evaluation and review technique, and Gantt charts. However, techniques capable of optimizing physical flows are not widely adopted. In view of this limitation, this study aimed to assess the potential of virtual manufacturing tools in estimating virtual production parameters based on product lifecycle management and real-life data. Data on mortar production and distribution to work locations were collected on site. Then, two simulations were performed. The first simulation was used to construct a virtual model of the mortar distribution process. The second simulation examined the impact of a mortar transportation device on the activity. Subsequently, the efficiency of both simulations was compared. The efficiency of the mortar transportation device was confirmed by the improvements provided by its implementation. Given their limited example of use in civil construction, it will need to be expanded in this study to validate their potential in all activities of the sector. Despite the limitation presented in this work, the virtual manufacturing can be used as one tool for the integrated product development and product lifecycle management to improve the quality, and to reduce the losses during the production lifecycle.
This paper aims to investigate the energy saving and carbon reduction performance of cross-laminated timber residential buildings in the severe cold region of China through a computational simulation approach. The authors selected Harbin as the simulation environment, designed reference residential buildings with different storeys which were constructed using reinforced concrete (RC) and cross-laminated timber (CLT) systems, then simulated the energy performance using the commercial software IES™ and finally made comparisions between the RC and CLT buildings. The results show that the estimated energy consumption and carbon emissions for CLT buildings are 9.9% and 13.2% lower than those of RC buildings in view of life-cycle assessment. This indicates that the CLT construction system has good potential for energy saving when compared to RC in the severe cold region of China. The energy efficiency of residential buildings is closely related to the height for both RC and CLT buildings. In spite of the higher cost of materials for high-rise buildings, both RC and CLT tall residential buildings have better energy efficiency than low-rise and mid-rise buildings in the severe cold region of China.
A contribution for environment protection is the conceptual design of eco-friendly products, considering information of main product life cycle phases: Development, manufacturing, usage. Base of operations is product generation A, where the development is closed and the manufacturing/usage phase is ongoing. The designer of the subsequently product generation B has different possibilities to consider eco-friendly aspects and resource saving, e.g. incorporate Carry-Over- Parts, parts for reuse, upgradeable components or parts for refurbishing. The challenge for the designer is the decision complexity: He needs a lot of eco-related information of product generation A on component-level, e.g. CO2-emission, disassembly procedures, reliability information. This paper shows a concept, how to make eco- and sustainability-related decisions within the conceptual design phase of a subsequently product generation. The decision concept is explained by an automotive engineering example.
The term Integrated Product Development (IPD) has been introduced as a focus for cross-disciplinary research and can have several forms, or manifestations, with regard to the existing disciplines such as concurrent engineering and design for manufacturing. Of central importance to IPD is the interpretation of the term “integration”, particularly with regard to internal and external elements. However, there is not yet an explicit understanding of an appropriate degree of integration, or involvement, with respect to its different forms, that can assure successful implementation of IPD frameworks in practice. Through a review and clustering of the literature, this paper aims to address this challenge.
Increasing pressures to produce new products faster and cheaper are resulting in huge efforts to streamline and restructure the traditional new product development (NPD) process. The purpose of the book is to describe, assess and apply the latest constructs, methods, techniques and processes to enable managers, professionals, and practitioners to be more effective in designing, developing and commercializing new products and services. It provides guidance and support in formulating and executing NPD programs for business practitioners and MBA students. The book is written from an Integrated Product Development (IPD) perspective, linking all aspects of marketing, costing and manufacturing into the development process even before the first prototype is built. It covers the advanced tools necessary to achieve this such as virtual prototyping and fully integrated business systems, and explains the changes needed to organizational structure and thinking.
The continuing controversy about the product life cycle (PLC) concept may indicate that the concept, while useful, is inadequate to explain the entire phenomenon of product growth and proliferation. An alternative concept, the product evolutionary cycle (PEC), is hereby proposed to help resolve this controversy and to provide a better framework for explaining and managing product growth.
Bringing together the expertise of worldwide authorities in the field, Design for X is the first comprehensive book to offer systematic and structured coverage of contemporary and concurrent product development techniques. It features over fifteen techniques, including: design for manufacture and assembly; design for distribution; design for quality; and design for the environment. Alternative approaches and common elements are discussed and critical issues such as integration and tradeoff are explored.
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the just-in-time (JIT) in-house logistics problem for automotive assembly lines. A point-to-point (P2P) JIT distribution model has been formulated to specify the destination station and parts quantity of each delivery for minimizing line-side inventory levels.
Design/methodology/approach
An exact backtracking procedure integrating with dominance properties is presented to cope with small-scale instances. As for real-world instances, this study develops a modified discrete artificial bee colony (MDABC) metaheuristic. The neighbor search of MDABC is redefined by a novel differential evolution loop and a breadth-first search.
Findings
The backtracking method has efficaciously cut unpromising branches and solved small-scale instances to optimality. Meanwhile, the modifications have enhanced exploitation abilities of the original metaheuristic, and good approximate solutions are obtained for real-world instances. Furthermore, inventory peaks are avoided according to the simulation results which validates the effectiveness of this mathematical model to facilitate an efficient JIT parts supply.
Research limitations/implications
This study is applicable only if the breakdown of transport devices is not considered. The current work has effectively facilitated the P2P JIT logistics scheduling in automotive assembly lines, and it could be modified to tackle similar distribution problems featuring time-varying demands.
Originality/value
Both limited vehicle capacities and no stock-outs constraints are considered, and the combined routing and loading problem is solved satisfactorily for an efficient JIT supply of material in automotive assembly lines.
This chapter presents a procedure for evaluating ease-of-disassembly for product recycling. The methodology consists of a spreadsheet-like chart and rating scheme for quantifying disassembly difficulty. Difficulty scores derived from work measurement analysis of standard disassembly tasks provide a means for identifying weaknesses in the design and comparing alternatives. To maximize feedback to the designer, the method captures the sources of difficulty in performing each task. The disassembly evaluation chart is explained and its application is demonstrated in the analysis of a computer keyboard. Derivation of task difficulty scores is described. The current method focuses on manual disassembly of business equipment. However, the same methodology may be applied to robotic disassembly processes and other products.
This chapter is concerned with applying ‘Design for X’ (DFX) approaches and experiences to improve implementation of ‘Design for Environment’ (DFE). It first examines essentials of DFX in general, and Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA), Design for Quality (DFQ), and Design for Costs (DFC) in particular. Approaches and experiences of developing and implementing these tools are then highlighted in order to search for some guidance for DFE. Difficulties in DFE implementation are outlined and counter measures are proposed.