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Project, logistics and management of processes focused on the management of the life cycle of products - case study.
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The civil construction industry uses a production management model in which the relations between Activities and processes are not adequately considered and giving the emphasis only to conversions, thus neglecting the internal logistics of distribution of inputs to the various work Chemtrails. In the usual planning of this industry, estimating tasks with the use of PERT/CPM tools and Gantt charts; however, tools capable of optimizing the physical flows and little disseminated. Thus, evaluating the contribution of computational tools capable of prototyping the manufacturing production, integrated to the process of planning and production control to virtualize it was the objective of this work. Scenarios were tested, changed and optimized with low cost and no risk to human life. Basing these tools on the concepts of product lifecycle management - PLM, already activation regularly in other organizational sectors. The research method was divided into three stages: literature review, study of a construction site, with the objective of obtaining logistics data between the manufacture of mortar in situ until its final use and two simulations. In the first, the construction site was virtualized and the logistics is, according to the collected data, calibrating the computational tool. In the second, the proposed physical flow was prototyped by applying a device whose purpose is verb to improve its efficiency. At the end, data were obtained such as the time of the process and the number of steps performed for each scenario, with which it was possible to compare the efficiency of the process proposed by the virtual factory. It was found the efficiency of the PLM computational tools, which conferred transparency to the virtualized process and thus helped in the decision making. On the other hand, for being little used in civil construction, they lack pre-defined models and more specific information, which would facilitate the expansion of their use.
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Para tornar mais eficaz o processo de gestão empregado na construção civil, tem-se buscado utilizar, como sustentação, os princípios da Construção Enxuta, já que propiciam a potencialização do desempenho do planejamento. A variabilidade é considerada, por diversos autores, como a principal causa para a ocorrência de perdas. A padronização pode ser utilizada como um meio de obtenção da redução da variabilidade, já que possibilita um melhor controle da produção e deve ser aplicada desde o início do serviço, garantindo que todos os recursos necessários – kit completo – para sua realização estejam disponíveis e em condições ideais e padronizadas. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar os tipos de variabilidade no processo de produção da alvenaria estrutural por meio do padrão técnico e do uso do kit completo. Para isto, foi realizado um estudo exploratório de múltiplos casos aplicando observação em campo e registro de dados. Identificou-se que os tipos de variabilidade ocorriam por se distanciar do padrão desejado. Além disso, as interferências pertencem à categoria preparação do trabalho, que considera que os itens do kit completo e as variabilidades decorrentes das interferências trouxeram, como consequências, perdas do tipo making-do. Sendo assim, espera-se, com este diagnóstico, contribuir para o melhoramento do desempenho desse processo.
Different papers have been presented and many discussions have been realized concerning about the Toyota Production System, from a macroeconomics point of view as well from an Industrial Engineering point of view. The problem is, that most of the time what is shown is a narrow understanding of the Toyota System, which is seen as a simple synonymy of Just-in-Time or Just-in-Time/ Total Quality Control. As a result, it seems that the Toyota System can be easily implemented in western companies. In fact, what happens is that western managers do not understand deeply the main concepts behind the Toyota System and its relationship with wide fields of Industrial knowledge. The main purpose of this paper is to present critically an analysis for the understanding of Production Systems, proposed by Shigeo Shingo : the Mechanism of the Production Function.
A digital human model simulation (DHMS) system is a useful tool to design ergonomic products and evaluate usability of different products. This study developed a systematic method to create dynamic motions of digital human models in RAMSIS ® software, and applied the method to create ingress and egress motions in a vehicle as a case study. For this, a motion capture system is used to collect the trajectory data of markers attached to a user's body. The manikin, a digital human model in RAMSIS ® , is produced by user's anthropometric data. The trajectory data of joint points of the manikin are used to create dynamic motions of the manikin, that are produced by the actor and the character that are digital human models in another DHMS system (MotionBuilder ®). As a case study, the participants to which thirty seven markers were attached naturally entered and exited the car mockup in the experiment. Ingress and egress motions of each manikin were created by the systematic method developed.
Este artigo apresenta uma análise da evolução das diversas abordagens em gestão do desenvolvimento de produto. É efetuado um resgate dos métodos (e algumas técnicas associadas) historicamente desenvolvidos. É também realizada uma breve avaliação da contribuição das diversas áreas de conhecimento atuantes no cenário do desenvolvimento de produtos. Ao final, são apresentados os aspectos mais relevantes com relação à gestão do desenvolvimento de produtos atualmente em discussão. Palavras-chave: gestão do desenvolvimento de produtos; gestão do ciclo de vida de produtos This work presents an analysis on the evolution of the diverse approaches for the product development management. It makes retrieval on the methods (and some related techniques) historically devised. It is also made a brief evaluation on the contribution from the diverse knowledge areas acting on the product development scenario. At last there are addressed the most remarkable issues regarding product development and management currently under discussion.
The paper presents improvement of a product through the application of Design for Excellence (DFX) tools for assembly, manufacturing and environmental protection that are incorporated into the commercial software Siemens Teamcenter for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). Complex database, that is a heart of every PLM software, allows easy access to all necessary data for DFX analyses starting from functional requirements, geometric CAD models, technology and process data related to the production system, and can be also used as a Knowledge Database (KDB) for collecting company’s experience. On the other hand, a module for management of complex processes flows, such as proposals for design changes,
evaluation, verification and modification of a new revision of the product, allows easy parallel work of all participants in the process with minimum drawbacks. Successful implementation of the research is done on the model of the mechanical bathroom scale, through the required number of iterations.
This paper is a result of comprehensive consultation among the authors, with the scientists and leading actors in the area of PLM, which is a reference term for a list of phenomena currently ongoing in the industrial community. This paper discusses the pervasive concept of product lifecycle management (PLM), starting from its history to its constituent elements and its role in the current industry. The authors propose and elaborate their vision for the future steps of the PLM in terms of emerging issues and topics that industrial practitioners and researchers need to address.
This work compared the experimental results obtained through tensile tests of epoxy pipes reinforced with glass fibers, produced by filament winding with angular variations of ±50°, ±52.5° and ±55°. The elastic properties of the pipes were calculated for each typology using the rule of mixtures and classical laminate theory. Concurrently, finite element modeling was performed for each angular variation under a load identical to the experimental case. The obtained values were compared according to the angular variation of each typology. Means and standard deviations were calculated and compared. The values obtained in the tests were convergent with the design and finite element approach. It was also found that for small angular variations, the moduli for a given composite constitution changed significantly, as observed in the results. Furthermore is suggested to modify the strain gages position regarding the winding angles to compare with results achieved.
In this chapter we consider the basic functionality of product lifecycle management systems and the adaptation of their functions to the creation and use of product data in the basic business processes of the company. Furthermore, the chapter examines the use of product lifecycle management in the various functions of the industrial enterprise.