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The EU's SDG monitoring and reporting not yet fit for purpose: Towards and inclusive, participatory and transparent process that works for all
Abstract
This chapter looks into the current SDG monitoring and reporting process at EU level, discusses its weaknesses and makes action-orientated recommendations to transform it into an inclusive, participatory, and transparent process that works for all. We argue that the EU’s current SDG monitoring and reporting process is not yet fit for purpose, and that the EU can and should learn from good practices at Member State level.
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Following the emergence of a novel coronavirus¹ (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread outside of China, Europe has experienced large epidemics. In response, many European countries have implemented unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions such as closure of schools and national lockdowns. We study the impact of major interventions across 11 European countries for the period from the start of COVID-19 until the 4th of May 2020 when lockdowns started to be lifted. Our model calculates backwards from observed deaths to estimate transmission that occurred several weeks prior, allowing for the time lag between infection and death. We use partial pooling of information between countries with both individual and shared effects on the reproduction number. Pooling allows more information to be used, helps overcome data idiosyncrasies, and enables more timely estimates. Our model relies on fixed estimates of some epidemiological parameters such as the infection fatality rate, does not include importation or subnational variation and assumes that changes in the reproduction number are an immediate response to interventions rather than gradual changes in behavior. Amidst the ongoing pandemic, we rely on death data that is incomplete, with systematic biases in reporting, and subject to future consolidation. We estimate that, for all the countries we consider, current interventions have been sufficient to drive the reproduction number \({R}_{t}\) below 1 (probability \({R}_{t}\,\)< 1.0 is 99.9%) and achieve epidemic control. We estimate that, across all 11 countries, between 12 and 15 million individuals have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 up to 4th May, representing between 3.2% and 4.0% of the population. Our results show that major non-pharmaceutical interventions and lockdown in particular have had a large effect on reducing transmission. Continued intervention should be considered to keep transmission of SARS-CoV-2 under control.
COVID-19 and Public Support for Radical Policies, NYU, International Castro for Cooperation
- Leah Zamore
- Ben Phillips
Leah Zamore and Ben Phillips (June 2020).COVID-19 and Public Support for Radical Policies, NYU, International Castro for Cooperation, see
https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/zamore-phillips-covid19-public-support-radical-policies-web-final.pdf
COVID-19-related mortality by age groups in Europe: A meta-analysis
- Julie Toubiana
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COVID-19 Strategy Update
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Mortality associated with COVID19 outbreaks in care homes: early international evidence. Article in LTCCOVID.org, International Long-Term Care Policy Network
- A Comas-Herrera
- J Zalakaín
- C Litwin
- A T Hsu
- Lane N Fernández
Comas-Herrera A, Zalakaín J, Litwin C, Hsu AT, Lane N and Fernández J-L (2020) Mortality associated with COVID19 outbreaks in care homes: early international evidence. Article in LTCCOVID.org, International Long-Term Care Policy Network, CPEC-LSE,
https://ltcCOVID.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Mortality-associated-with-COVID-3-May-final-5.pdf
COVID-19 trends from Germany show different impacts by gender and age
- Brookings Institute
Brookings Institute (1 May 2020) COVID-19 trends from Germany show different impacts by gender and age.
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2020/05/01/COVID-19-trends-from-germany-show-different-impacts-by-gender-and-age/
More men dying from COVID-19 than women, but as with so much about this disease, the reasons are unclear
- Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (15 June 2020. More men dying from COVID-19 than women, but as with so much about this disease, the reasons are unclear,
https://eu.jsonline.com/story/news/2020/06/15/men-more-risk-dying-COVID-19-than-women-but-why/5343586002/